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Comparative studies with ifosfamide on the immuno-labile DS carcinosarcoma. Stimulation of the autoimmune activity for approx. 20 days by BA 1, a N-(2-cyanoethylene)-urea. Novel prophylactic possibilities]", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Ardenne" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. G.", "lastName": "Reitnauer" } ], "abstractNote": "A report is given on the recent discovery of outstanding immunological properties in BA 1 [N-(2-cyanoethylene)-urea] having a (low) molecular mass M = 111.104. Experiments in 214 DS carcinosarcoma bearing Wistar rats have shown that BA 1, at a dosage of only about 12 percent LD50 (150 mg kg) and negligible lethality (1.7 percent), results in a recovery rate of 40 percent without hyperglycemia and, in one test, of 80 percent with hyperglycemia. Under otherwise unchanged conditions the reference substance ifosfamide (IF) -- a further development of cyclophosphamide -- applied without hyperglycemia in its most efficient dosage of 47 percent LD50 (150 mg kg) brought about a recovery rate of 25 percent at a lethality of 18 percent. (Contrary to BA 1, 250-min hyperglycemia caused no further improvement of the recovery rate.) However this comparison is characterized by the fact that both substances exhibit two quite different (complementary) mechanisms of action. Leucocyte counts made after application of the said cancerostatics and dosages have shown a pronounced stimulation with BA 1 and with ifosfamide, the known suppression in the post-therapeutic interval usually found with standard cancerostatics. In combination with the cited plaque test for BA 1, blood pictures then allow conclusions on the immunity status. Since IF can be taken as one of the most efficient cancerostatics--there is no other chemotherapeutic known up to now that has a more significant effect on the DS carcinosarcoma in rats -- these findings are of special importance. Finally, the total amount of leucocytes and lymphocytes as well as their time behaviour was determined from the blood picture of tumour-free rats after i.v. application of BA 1. The thus obtained numerical values clearly show that further research work on the prophylactic use of this substance seems to be necessary and very promising.", "publicationTitle": "Arzneimittel-Forschung", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 1975", "volume": "25", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1369-1379", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Arzneimittelforschung", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0004-4172", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "ger", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 22", "tags": [ { "tag": "Animals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Antineoplastic Agents", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Carcinosarcoma", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cyclophosphamide", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Drug Evaluation, Preclinical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Drug Tolerance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Erythrocyte Count", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hyperglycemia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ifosfamide", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Immunity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Immunosuppression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lethal Dose 50", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Leukocyte Count", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mice", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neoplasms, Experimental", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rats", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stimulation, Chemical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Time Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Urea", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-29T14:00:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-29T14:00:25Z" } }, { "key": "T7KISCWE", "version": 72, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 253723, "name": "Nutrition evidence", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/T7KISCWE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence/items/T7KISCWE", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/472WRR6A", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1298137, "username": "ULinnenkamp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ulinnenkamp", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "T7KISCWE", "version": 72, "parentItem": "472WRR6A", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-01-29T14:00:25Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-29T14:00:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-29T14:00:25Z" } }, { "key": "VNG8WZ74", "version": 73, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 253723, "name": "Nutrition evidence", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/VNG8WZ74", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence/items/VNG8WZ74", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1298137, "username": "ULinnenkamp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ulinnenkamp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lance", "parsedDate": "1976", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "VNG8WZ74", "version": 73, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Studies on the annual reproductive cycle of the female cobra, Naja naja. Seasonal variation in plasma inorganic ions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V.", "lastName": "Lance" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1976", "volume": "53", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "285-289", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0300-9629", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 2437", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adaptation, Physiological", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Animals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Calcium", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cholesterol", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Estradiol", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnesium", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Phosphates", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Potassium", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Progesterone", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prolactin", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reproduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Seasons", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Snakes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sodium", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-29T14:00:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-29T14:00:23Z" } }, { "key": "QWADGFVZ", "version": 72, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 253723, "name": "Nutrition evidence", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/QWADGFVZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence/items/QWADGFVZ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/VNG8WZ74", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1298137, "username": "ULinnenkamp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ulinnenkamp", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "QWADGFVZ", "version": 72, "parentItem": "VNG8WZ74", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-01-29T14:00:23Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2437", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-29T14:00:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-29T14:00:23Z" } }, { "key": "UNSH29SC", "version": 73, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 253723, "name": "Nutrition evidence", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/UNSH29SC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence/items/UNSH29SC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1298137, "username": "ULinnenkamp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ulinnenkamp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Suzuki et al.", "parsedDate": "1976-06", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "UNSH29SC", "version": 73, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Production of extracellular alpha-glucosidase by a thermophilic Bacillus species", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y.", "lastName": "Suzuki" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Kishigami" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Abe" } ], "abstractNote": "Production of extracellular alpha-glucosidase was studied with strain KP 1006 of a new species of thermophilic Bacillus, which was isolated from soil samples by enrichment at 65 C. alpha-Glucosidase production was maximum at 60 C and at an initial pH of 6.5. The final enzyme yield was increased by starch, maltose, glycerol, peptone, and yeast extract but reduced by acetate and gluconate, alpha-Glucosidase was formed in the cytoplasm and accumulated as a large pool during the logarithmic growth phase. At a midpoint of this period, the enzyme appeared in the culture broth, and its level increased until the end of the stationary phase.", "publicationTitle": "Applied and Environmental Microbiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jun 1976", "volume": "31", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "807-812", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Appl. Environ. Microbiol.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0099-2240", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 7193 \nPMCID: PMC169838", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bacillus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Carbohydrate Metabolism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fermentation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Glucosidases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hot Temperature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Maltose", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Starch", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-29T13:59:59Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-29T13:59:59Z" } }, { "key": "3PHAC6VU", "version": 71, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 253723, "name": "Nutrition evidence", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/3PHAC6VU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence/items/3PHAC6VU", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/UNSH29SC", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1298137, "username": "ULinnenkamp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ulinnenkamp", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "3PHAC6VU", "version": 71, "parentItem": "UNSH29SC", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-01-29T13:59:59Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7193", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-29T13:59:59Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-29T13:59:59Z" } }, { "key": "RS8I55UP", "version": 71, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 253723, "name": "Nutrition evidence", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/RS8I55UP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence/items/RS8I55UP", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/2957K3MT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1298137, "username": "ULinnenkamp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ulinnenkamp", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "RS8I55UP", "version": 71, "parentItem": "2957K3MT", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-01-29T13:59:56Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1547", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-29T13:59:56Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-29T13:59:56Z" } }, { "key": "2957K3MT", "version": 71, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 253723, "name": "Nutrition evidence", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/2957K3MT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence/items/2957K3MT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1298137, "username": "ULinnenkamp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ulinnenkamp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hecht et al.", "parsedDate": "1975-12", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "2957K3MT", "version": 71, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A study of tobacco carcinogenesis. XIII. Tumor-promoting subfractions of the weakly acidic fraction", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. S.", "lastName": "Hecht" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. L.", "lastName": "Thorne" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. R.", "lastName": "Maronpot" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Hoffmann" } ], "abstractNote": "The weakly acidic fraction (WAF) of cigarette smoke particulate matter was fractioned by silica get chromatography. We assayed the various primary subfractions for potential tumor-promoting activity by measuring the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into mouse epidermal DNA as induced by these subfractions. Based on these results and on chemical composition, the primary subfractions, were then combined into four major subfractions and tested on initiated mouse skin for tumor-promoting activity by long-term application. Two of these subfractions (40% of WAF) were inactive, whereas the other two (18 and 35% of WAF) showed tumor-promoting activity. The two active portions were then further chromatographed and tested by the short-term bioassay. Some major components of the resulting active fractions included alkyl-2-cyclopenten-2-ol-1-ones, catechols, hydroquinone, fatty acids, and 3-hydroxypyridines. Among these components, catechol, hydroquinone, 3-hydroxypyridine, 6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine, linolenic acid, and linoleic acid were inactive as tumor promoters in the experimental animal. The activity of the alkyl-2-cyclopenten-2-ol-1-ones is unknown. Other components remain to be identified.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of the National Cancer Institute", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Dec 1975", "volume": "55", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1329-1336", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Natl. Cancer Inst.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0027-8874", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 1547", "tags": [ { "tag": "Animals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Carcinogens", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Catechols", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chromatography, Gel", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cyclopentanes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "DNA Replication", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fatty Acids", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydroquinones", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mice", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neoplasms, Experimental", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Plants, Toxic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pyridines", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Skin", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Skin Neoplasms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Thymidine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tobacco", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-29T13:59:56Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-29T13:59:56Z" } }, { "key": "FDB6QCE9", "version": 70, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 253723, "name": "Nutrition evidence", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/FDB6QCE9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence/items/FDB6QCE9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1298137, "username": "ULinnenkamp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ulinnenkamp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Draper et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-06-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FDB6QCE9", "version": 70, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Front-of-pack nutrition labelling: are multiple formats a problem for consumers?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. K.", "lastName": "Draper" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. J.", "lastName": "Adamson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Clegg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Malam" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Rigg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Duncan" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "The European Journal of Public Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013-06-01", "volume": "23", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "517-521", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1093/eurpub/ckr144", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/eurpub/ckr144", "accessDate": "2015-01-26T14:08:33Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1101-1262, 1464-360X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Front-of-pack nutrition labelling", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "A3HMQ8F9" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-26T14:08:33Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-26T14:08:33Z" } }, { "key": "P46UNUWJ", "version": 69, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 253723, "name": "Nutrition evidence", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/P46UNUWJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence/items/P46UNUWJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1298137, "username": "ULinnenkamp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ulinnenkamp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Weeratunga et al.", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "P46UNUWJ", "version": 69, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Per capita sugar consumption and prevalence of diabetes mellitus – global and regional associations", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Praveen", "lastName": "Weeratunga" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sayumi", "lastName": "Jayasinghe" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yashasvi", "lastName": "Perera" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ganga", "lastName": "Jayasena" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Saroj", "lastName": "Jayasinghe" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "BMC Public Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014", "volume": "14", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "186", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1186/1471-2458-14-186", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/186", "accessDate": "2015-01-26T10:20:05Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1471-2458", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "A3HMQ8F9" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-26T10:20:05Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-26T10:20:05Z" } }, { "key": "TIEUCUE8", "version": 68, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 253723, "name": "Nutrition evidence", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/TIEUCUE8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence/items/TIEUCUE8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1298137, "username": "ULinnenkamp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ulinnenkamp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Basu et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "TIEUCUE8", "version": 68, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Nutritional determinants of worldwide diabetes: an econometric study of food markets and diabetes prevalence in 173 countries", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sanjay", "lastName": "Basu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Stuckler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martin", "lastName": "McKee" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gauden", "lastName": "Galea" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE: Ageing and urbanization leading to sedentary lifestyles have been the major explanations proposed for a dramatic rise in diabetes worldwide and have been the variables used to predict future diabetes rates. However, a transition to Western diets has been suggested as an alternative driver. We sought to determine what socio-economic and dietary factors are the most significant population-level contributors to diabetes prevalence rates internationally.\nDESIGN: Multivariate regression models were used to study how market sizes of major food products (sugars, cereals, vegetable oils, meats, total joules) corresponded to diabetes prevalence, incorporating lagged and cumulative effects. The underlying social determinants of food market sizes and diabetes prevalence rates were also studied, including ageing, income, urbanization, overweight prevalence and imports of foodstuffs.\nSETTING: Data were obtained from 173 countries.\nSUBJECTS: Population-based survey recipients were the basis for diabetes prevalence and food market data.\nRESULTS: We found that increased income tends to increase overall food market size among low- and middle-income countries, but the level of food importation significantly shifts the content of markets such that a greater proportion of available joules is composed of sugar and related sweeteners. Sugar exposure statistically explained why urbanization and income have been correlated with diabetes rates.\nCONCLUSIONS: Current diabetes projection methods may estimate future diabetes rates poorly if they fail to incorporate the impact of nutritional factors. Imported sugars deserve further investigation as a potential population-level driver of global diabetes.", "publicationTitle": "Public Health Nutrition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jan 2013", "volume": "16", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "179-186", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Public Health Nutr", "DOI": "10.1017/S1368980012002881", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1475-2727", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Nutritional determinants of worldwide diabetes", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 22691632", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Developing Countries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diabetes Mellitus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diet", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dietary Sucrose", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy Intake", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Food Supply", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Global Health", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Income", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Internationality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Marketing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Multivariate Analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Poverty", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prevalence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Regression Analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Class", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Urbanization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Young Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "food habits", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "A3HMQ8F9" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-26T09:49:53Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-26T09:49:53Z" } }, { "key": "FZ7NWPTS", "version": 68, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 253723, "name": "Nutrition evidence", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/FZ7NWPTS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence/items/FZ7NWPTS", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/TIEUCUE8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1298137, "username": "ULinnenkamp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ulinnenkamp", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "FZ7NWPTS", "version": 68, "parentItem": "TIEUCUE8", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-01-26T09:49:53Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22691632", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-26T09:49:53Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-26T09:49:53Z" } }, { "key": "DXP9CKEX", "version": 64, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 253723, "name": "Nutrition evidence", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/DXP9CKEX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence/items/DXP9CKEX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1298137, "username": "ULinnenkamp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ulinnenkamp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ros et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DXP9CKEX", "version": 64, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Nuts and berries for heart health", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Ros" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L. C.", "lastName": "Tapsell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Sabate" } ], "abstractNote": "Nuts are nutrient-dense foods with complex matrices rich in unsaturated fatty acids and other bioactive compounds, such as L-arginine, fiber, minerals, tocopherols, phytosterols, and polyphenols. By virtue of their unique composition, nuts are likely to beneficially impact heart health. Epidemiologic studies have associated nut consumption with a reduced incidence of coronary heart disease in both genders and diabetes in women. Limited evidence also suggests beneficial effects on hypertension and inflammation. Interventional studies consistently show that nut intake has a cholesterol-lowering effect and there is emerging evidence of beneficial effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular reactivity. Blood pressure, visceral adiposity, and glycemic control also appear to be positively influenced by frequent nut consumption without evidence of undue weight gain. Berries are another plant food rich in bioactive phytochemicals, particularly flavonoids, for which there is increasing evidence of benefits on cardiometabolic risk that are linked to their potent antioxidant power. 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.", "publicationTitle": "Current Atherosclerosis Reports", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2010 November", "volume": "12", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "397-406", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "2010584737", "shortTitle": "Nuts and berries for heart health", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-07-11T12:22:46Z", "dateModified": "2014-07-11T12:22:46Z" } }, { "key": "2IQV6MB3", "version": 63, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 253723, "name": "Nutrition evidence", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/253723/items/2IQV6MB3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nutrition_evidence/items/2IQV6MB3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1298137, "username": "ULinnenkamp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ulinnenkamp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Richelsen", "parsedDate": "2013-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2IQV6MB3", "version": 63, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Sugar-sweetened beverages and cardio-metabolic disease risks", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Richelsen" } ], "abstractNote": "Purpose of Review: Sucrose-sweetened beverages (SSB) have for decades been implicated in cardiometabolic diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent epidemiological but particularly recent human intervention studies on the metabolic effects associated/induced by SSB. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent epidemiological studies support the positive association between SSB intake and enhanced risk for metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart diseases, and stroke. From the human intervention studies rather similar results are obtained with enhanced accumulation of fat in the liver, muscle, and in the visceral fat depot induced by SSB. Moreover, SSB induces enhanced levels of circulating triglycerides and enhanced de-novo lipogenesis in the liver. The specific effect of SSB on body weigh/obesity is still not completely elucidated but SSB enhances body weight/fat mass even though not to a significant degree in all studies. Concerning the mechanisms for SSB to induce these metabolic aberrations most of the studies are in agreement with the fact that it is mainly fructose (free or as part of the sucrose molecule) that is the main driver of these metabolic aberrations presumably primarily by inducing lipid synthesis in and release from the liver. SUMMARY: There are now convincing evidences for enhanced cardiometabolic risk after higher intake of SSB where both epidemiological studies and human intervention studies are pointing in the same direction. A so-called 'well tolerated' intake of SSB is not determined. Accordingly, intake of SSB should generally be reduced as much as possible to improve the health of the population. 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.", "publicationTitle": "Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013 July", "volume": "16", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "478-484", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "2013451056", "shortTitle": "Sugar-sweetened beverages and cardio-metabolic disease risks", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-07-11T09:50:39Z", "dateModified": "2014-07-11T09:50:39Z" } } ]