[ { "key": "QC6H8PFA", "version": 1273, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/QC6H8PFA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/QC6H8PFA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845514, "username": "dib2109", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dib2109", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 156927, "username": "kh2208", "name": "Kim F. Hall", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kh2208", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QC6H8PFA", "version": 1273, "itemType": "note", "note": "

Queer Black Women

\n

 

\n

This collection is a brief introduction to the intersections of race, sexuality and gender - more specifically, it is an introduction to queer, Black women. So often is this intersection policed by more dominant and privileged identities that it is important to include those who have been systematically disregarded in this manner. This collection seeks to include as many different aspects of the lives and experiences of queer, Black women as is possible to fit within the parameters of the assignment, therefore there are representations of many different identities and medias from novels to music videos and a web series. Having navigated through these sources, hopefully an interested reader will have become equipped with a multi-dimensional, however introductory understanding to queer, Black women.

\n

 

\n

“Redefining Realness,” and “Zami,” are similar in that they are both autobiographies which take advantage of the art of storytelling to call attention to real life struggle, understanding and growth. People like Audre Lorde and pieces like “Zami” paved the way for activists like Janet Mock, and made possible many of the sources in this collection. The third book, “Invisible Families,” is included here because it uses survey and interview data in an attempt to understand older generations of queer, Black women through newer, more radical perspectives, as offered by websites like BlackGirlDangerous.org (BDG), which is also included in this collection through a piece about “Black gurls” and mental health that was published on the site. Also included is the film “The Aggressives,” which offers discussion on gender expression, specifically masculinity, within queer, Black women communities. The web series, The Peculiar Kind, features queer women of color speaking about their lives experiences and opinions on a variety of different topics, one of which is about queers in the media and features the music group, TheeSatisfaction, which is also on this list because of the ways in which their identities influence their politics and art.

\n

Limitations to this collection include the lack of resources before 1982 (the oldest text is Lorde’s “Zami”). A more apt title would reflect this constraint, or an inclusion of artists like Gladys Bentley or activists like Marsha P. Johnson. This collection also falls short on identities related to religion, ability and international perspectives. It could have included resources from StaceyAnn Chin and/or Darlene Garner. There are several other people to have included such as Tracy Chapman, AZ Marie Livingston and Miss Major. This list could have also benefited from some theory as well, however, it serves as a mere introduction to an immense area of intersectional identity and study.

", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DE5N5Z8W" ], "relations": { "dc:relation": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/ZB6IRQZ6", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/4FIDJIDT", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/T5T48UP3", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/3WWZIT23", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/A9925GD8", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/CVFPARGG", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9EKCPXQF" ] }, "dateAdded": "2014-05-15T19:31:17Z", "dateModified": "2018-12-04T16:03:01Z" } }, { "key": "FISXJDPF", "version": 1273, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/FISXJDPF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/FISXJDPF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1844416, "username": "mg3326", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mg3326", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 156927, "username": "kh2208", "name": "Kim F. Hall", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kh2208", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FISXJDPF", "version": 1273, "itemType": "note", "note": "

Black Women in Media: Representing and Constructing Social Paradigms

\n

 

\n

Keywords: News. Visual/Print. Films. Television. Music Videos/Pop Culture. Advertising/Marketing.

\n

 

\n

Introduction: My research on Black Women in Media identifies how images and representations of Black women in news, visual and print, television, pop culture, and advertising and marketing campaigns can depict normative ideologies and fix dominate narratives that perpetuate stereotypes and perceptions of self, that simultaneously create larger narratives of race perceptions. With media and entertainment being at the forefront of social practice meanings are often understood through television, media, and print campaigns that can portray, perpetuate and circulate globalized ideologies of false, and unrealistic representations of women, specifically Black women. The following collection of sources supports and analyzes the use of Black females bodies in American media and how American media can impact racial perceptions of self and social paradigms.

", "tags": [ { "tag": "Black Women in Media: Representing and Constructing Social Paradigms" }, { "tag": "Maria Cruz Garcia" } ], "collections": [ "HN9RTRXR" ], "relations": { "dc:relation": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/BQ7PK2N7", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/TRKHZV8J", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/EFEZIR6X", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/D7FI6JTE", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/3R6E4ERP", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/XUC426XB", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/A2H3BUG6", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/RGJP6HAS", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/MC6J94SM" ] }, "dateAdded": "2014-05-15T19:48:28Z", "dateModified": "2018-12-04T16:02:45Z" } }, { "key": "FRRHMAV4", "version": 1273, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/FRRHMAV4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/FRRHMAV4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845225, "username": "ElsieEnnin", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/elsieennin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 156927, "username": "kh2208", "name": "Kim F. Hall", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kh2208", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FRRHMAV4", "version": 1273, "itemType": "note", "note": "

OVERVIEW: Hip Hop Feminism: The Politics of Our Voices

\n

 

\n

This annotated bibliography provides literature that examines the various aspects of a new branch of feminism – Hip Hop Feminism. Hip-Hop was an artistic form created by disgruntled youth in Bronx, NY in the early 1970’s. Using words to a beat, they spoke passion into the mic about police brutality, Black on Black violence, and welfare among others and their voices were influential. Those voices however were male voices. The industry had made it a system built for and by black men. Black women were mere accessories made the dance in skimpy clothes around the men, in the background, on cars but never on the mic. This was and still is the saddest of oppressions because it is by Black males, our own kind. However, as seen through the discourse of history, Black women never stay broken. Instead, in the late 70’s and early 80’s many Black female emcees refused to quit for their chance to be heard. In doing so, hip hop feminism, loosely defined as the use of political and hip-hop sensibilities to effect equality, justice and social change, was created. With pioneers such as MC Lyte, Queen Latifah and Rah Digga as visual pioneers, these women have forced their way to recognition in a system not built to encompass them. With powerful songs like “Ladies First” by Queen Latifah, these women have used powerful imagery, lyrics and movement to create a framework and mandate for respect—an avenue to their voice, a journey to their stories. However, this does not come without controversy. Since hip-hop had been made to be such a masculine, misogynistic genre, these women were painted as masculine and aggressive with many questioning their gender and sexual choice. Therefore, as the feminism has evolved, female emcees have let go of the hard hit lyrics and are now wearing less and less clothes, many wonder if hip hop feminism is reverting or progressing; a question these set of reference could help answer. Many of the additional references (videos and articles) in this annotated bibliography provide resources for you to form your own opinion on this question.

", "tags": [ { "tag": "Black Women In Music" }, { "tag": "Black Women In Pop Culture" }, { "tag": "Elsie Ennin" }, { "tag": "Hip Hop Feminism" }, { "tag": "Hip hop politics" }, { "tag": "Pop culture" }, { "tag": "Sexuality of Black Women" }, { "tag": "Youth Empowerment" }, { "tag": "race and representation" } ], "collections": [ "ZK2VJR38" ], "relations": { "dc:relation": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/EJG9WT2X", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/HV746G4F", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/89G6CGBS", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/7V9WX25G", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9V2Z56MW", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/TU56P4FZ", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/WBFX4MK8", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/UX99W8H8", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/X75B52ZD", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/DXR8GKSZ" ] }, "dateAdded": "2014-05-15T17:32:53Z", "dateModified": "2018-12-04T16:02:36Z" } }, { "key": "7AUERP3P", "version": 1272, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/7AUERP3P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/7AUERP3P", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1841770, "username": "naa2149", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/naa2149", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 156927, "username": "kh2208", "name": "Kim F. Hall", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kh2208", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7AUERP3P", "version": 1272, "itemType": "note", "note": "

Building a Better Bechdel: A Move to an Intersectional Film Theory

\n

 Since Crenshaw coined the term, \"intersectionality\" its definition has expanded to encompass not just the plights of black women but any group created out of intersecting marginal identities. It is this more open definition from which I depart. Crenshaw uses intersectionality to discuss how the law fails in intersectional situations, mainly how it fails black women in cases of institutionalized discrimination, but I wish to use her theory to show how the media fails when attempting to represent marginalized groups, mainly black women. Many an arguably \"feminist\" film has underrepresented, failed to represent, or explicitly discriminated against women of color. Many a \"black\" film has problematically represented women, homosexuality, poverty, wealth, and other identify signifiers. The failure of both these genres is especially damaging for black women who, like with many feminist or black movements, go poorly represented or underrepresented in both. The failure of film academia to create a more intersectional school of criticism only adds fuel this missrepresentation. Not only is there a problem, but there is also no model to address and critique the problem. Using Crenshaw's theory I will both show why the current state of film theory fails intersectional identities and move to create a more intersectional film theory.

\n

Allison Bechdel's \"The Rule\" illustrates the place feminist film theory has stagnated in the past thirty years. The once revolutionary revelation that most films do not fill the requirements laid out by her fictional characters: 1) there are at least two named women who 2) talk to each other about 3) something other than a man, what has come to be known as The Bechdel Test, has since become an inadequate standard by which to criticize films. Though the majority of films still do not meet this standard, the ones that do fail in their representation of women in other ways: the quality of the representation, the racial or class diversity of the women, or the institutionalized or internalized negative systems or ideals the film reinforces. By still utilizing The Bechdel Test, feminist film criticism has failed to incorporate cultural criticism and therefore put itself at the risk of becoming irrelevant.

\n

bell hooks' essay, \"Male heroes and female sex objects: Sexism in Spike Lee's Malcolm X\" illustrates how film which positively and productively presents blackness and black stories, fail on a feminist level. Spike Lee, she argues, creates nuanced black male heroes at the expense of black women. Read in tandem with Jesse Williams, \"Me Tarzan, You Jane. Me Django, You Chains\" and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's \"The danger of a single story,\" one can see how narrow depictions of blackness, ethnicity, or black stories, even when done with positive or productive intentions, do more harm than good. Their prevalence and dominance in a market which excludes most other stories like theirs makes it so only one story is told. When that story fails to represent or poorly represents black women or other aspects of blackness, new problems are created in the wake of these otherwise positive films. 

\n

Eartha Kitt's I'm Still Here: Confessions of a Sex Kitten shows how the failures in representation of the film industry impact the actors within it. The book shows what it is like to be a performer in an industry that commodifies narrow representations of blackness and womanhood, while discriminating against others. Kitt's biography draws the connections between poor representations in the industry and institutionalized discrimination as a whole: how one begets the other and vice versa.

\n

hooks' \"Reel to real: race, sex, and class at the movies\" and Jane Gaines' \"White Privilege and Looking Relations: Race and Gender in Feminist Film Theory\" both attempt to create a more intersectional film theory. hooks approaches film theory as a cultural critic to provide a much needed racial, gendered, and class-oriented lens to film theory. Gaines approaches film theory as a feminist film critic, a marxist, and a psychoanalytic critic to point out the problems with feminist film and film theory and the ways cultural, marxist, and psychoanalytical criticism begins to address them. Both articles while helpful in the establishment of an intersectional school of criticism, do not make the leap from cultural critique of certain schools of film theory to the culturally informed film theory this project seeks to create.

\n

Rogers and Hammerstein's Cinderella is an example of what movies should aspire to in terms of intersectional representation. Not only did the film feature actors of color in starring or prominent roles, it also created an ethnically diverse fantasy world full of equally diverse extras. As far as seemingly unattainable standards of productive representation go, especially of black women, Cinderella sets a far higher standard than The Bechdel Test. Using the other sources, I will parse out what makes Cinderella an intersectionally productive film and create a set of requirements on which to base the new school of intersectional film theory.

\n

 

", "tags": [], "collections": [ "2APV5PAB" ], "relations": { "dc:relation": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/DBGIA2Q4", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/VUT7G5H2", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/RR6XMMR5", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/UQ2DWZD2", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/5DAWX72A", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/K52MHMH2", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/EPPFVU2J", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/CRSM4RFH", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/5GGCXGJ9", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/7URCXCZQ", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/CKBIM4DR", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/TUFBHASX", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/E9B9I8HH", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/X4MIPZA9", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/WV72BP3W", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/SZ8A7374" ] }, "dateAdded": "2014-05-11T21:26:58Z", "dateModified": "2018-10-09T14:34:16Z" } }, { "key": "QKZSHC4H", "version": 1257, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/QKZSHC4H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/QKZSHC4H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845583, "username": "A_Herrera", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a_herrera", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QKZSHC4H", "version": 1257, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/768/art%253A10.1007%252FBF02167608.pdf?originUrl=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2FBF02167608&token2=exp=1494224626~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F768%2Fart%25253A10.1007%25252FBF02167608.pdf%3ForiginUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Flink.springer.com%252Farticle%252F10.1007%252FBF02167608*~hmac=8e716a8cf7f58f4a6b7e5ff0c19f0f6dcb9b105851e5303e677a14fef7a096fc", "accessDate": "2017-05-08T07:21:50Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "2ACWHJPX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-05-08T07:21:50Z", "dateModified": "2017-05-08T07:21:50Z" } }, { "key": "XUC426XB", "version": 1255, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/XUC426XB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/XUC426XB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1844416, "username": "mg3326", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mg3326", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 156927, "username": "kh2208", "name": "Kim F. Hall", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kh2208", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "García", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "XUC426XB", "version": 1255, "itemType": "book", "title": "Contested images: women of color in popular culture", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Alma M.", "lastName": "García" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2012", "publisher": "AltaMira Press", "place": "Lanham", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "329", "ISBN": "978-0-7591-1961-1", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Contested images", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Library of Congress ISBN", "callNumber": "P94.5.M552 U6273 2012", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Black Media Stereotypes" }, { "tag": "Black Women in Media: Representing and Constructing Social Paradigms" }, { "tag": "Maria Cruz Garcia" }, { "tag": "Media Images of Black Females" }, { "tag": "Media Socialization" }, { "tag": "Minorities in mass media", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Minority women", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Racial Identity" }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Women in mass media", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Women in popular culture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "intersectionality" } ], "collections": [ "HN9RTRXR" ], "relations": { "dc:relation": "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/FISXJDPF" }, "dateAdded": "2014-05-15T19:48:28Z", "dateModified": "2017-03-15T14:21:07Z" } }, { "key": "4FM2DQ72", "version": 1248, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/4FM2DQ72", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/4FM2DQ72", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 156927, "username": "kh2208", "name": "Kim F. Hall", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kh2208", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Studio Museum of Harlem", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "4FM2DQ72", "version": 1248, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "The Shadows Took Shape", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Studio Museum of Harlem" } ], "abstractNote": "The Shadows Took Shape is a dynamic interdisciplinary exhibition exploring contemporary art through the lens of Afrofuturist aesthetics at The Studio Museum in Harlem. This tumblr will serve as a...", "websiteTitle": "The Shadows Took Shape", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://shadowstookshape.tumblr.com/", "accessDate": "2013-12-11T00:35:33Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "African Diaspora" }, { "tag": "Afrofuturism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Digital Source" }, { "tag": "Science fiction" }, { "tag": "Taylor Harvey" }, { "tag": "art", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "black art", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sample" }, { "tag": "shadows took shape", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "shadows took shape" }, { "tag": "studio museum", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "8GJAJJIN", "A5G7DWGB", "JFDME2NS" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/226023/items/NMNCFVKA", "dc:relation": "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/G3HPZ7ZM" }, "dateAdded": "2014-03-06T14:22:34Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-26T21:38:49Z" } }, { "key": "2E5A2MFQ", "version": 1241, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/2E5A2MFQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/2E5A2MFQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1842796, "username": "gabriellejsmith", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gabriellejsmith", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2014-12-31", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "2E5A2MFQ", "version": 1241, "itemType": "encyclopediaArticle", "title": "Governance of the Gaza Strip", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "The governance of the Gaza Strip was carried out by the Hamas administration, led by Ismail Haniyeh, from 2007 until 2014. The Hamas administration was often referred to as the Hamas government in Gaza.\nThe Hamas party won the Palestinian legislative elections on 25 January 2006, and Ismail Haniyeh was nominated as Prime Minister, establishing a Palestinian national unity government with Fatah, which effectively collapsed when Hamas and Fatah engaged in a violent conflict. After the takeover in Gaza by Hamas on 14 June 2007, Palestinian Authority Chairman Abbas dismissed the Hamas-led government and appointed Salam Fayyad as Prime Minister. Though the new government's authority is claimed to extend to all Palestinian territories, in effect it became limited to the West Bank, as Hamas hasn't recognized the move and continued to rule the Gaza Strip. Both administrations – the Fatah government in Ramallah and the Hamas government in Gaza– regard themselves as the sole legitimate government of the Palestinian National Authority. The international community and Palestine Liberation Organization, however, recognize the Ramallah administration as the legitimate government.\nSince the division between the two parties, there have been conflicts between Hamas and similar factions operating in Gaza, and with Israel, most notably the Gaza War of 2008-2009. The radicalization of the Gaza Strip brought internal conflicts between various groups, in events like 2009 Hamas crackdown on Jund Ansar Allah, an al-Qaeda affiliated group, resulting in 22 people killed; and the April 2011 Hamas crackdown on Jahafil Al-Tawhid Wal-Jihad fi Filastin, a Salafist group involved in Vittorio Arrigoni's murder.\nNegotiations toward reconciliation between Fatah and Hamas, which were mediated by Egypt, produced a preliminary agreement in 2011, which was supposed to be implemented by May 2012 through joint elections. Despite the peace plan, Palestinian sources were quoted in January 2012 as saying that the May joint elections \"would not be possible\". In February 2012, Khaled Meshal and Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas signed the Hamas–Fatah Doha agreement towards implementation of the 2011 Cairo accords, though Hamas officials in the Gaza Strip expressed their discontent and \"unacceptibility\" of the Doha agreement. The Hamas government handed over power to a unity government on 2 June 2014.", "encyclopediaTitle": "Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2014-12-31T17:34:38Z", "publisher": "", "place": "", "pages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governance_of_the_Gaza_Strip&oldid=640405700", "accessDate": "2015-04-28T15:04:07Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wikipedia", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License", "extra": "Page Version ID: 640405700", "tags": [], "collections": [ "64QERHUQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-28T15:04:07Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-28T15:04:07Z" } }, { "key": "7BIRVARB", "version": 1241, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/7BIRVARB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/7BIRVARB", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/2E5A2MFQ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1842796, "username": "gabriellejsmith", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gabriellejsmith", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "7BIRVARB", "version": 1241, "parentItem": "2E5A2MFQ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2015-04-28T15:04:07Z", "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governance_of_the_Gaza_Strip&oldid=640405700", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-28T15:04:07Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-28T15:04:07Z" } }, { "key": "G9XKS2SC", "version": 1239, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/G9XKS2SC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/G9XKS2SC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1844416, "username": "mg3326", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mg3326", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "G9XKS2SC", "version": 1239, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "groups [Zotero Documentation]", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.zotero.org/support/groups", "accessDate": "2014-09-22T16:06:59Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "IDKS8C25" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-22T16:15:31Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-22T16:15:31Z" } }, { "key": "JKU9GHU9", "version": 1235, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/JKU9GHU9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/JKU9GHU9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1842796, "username": "gabriellejsmith", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gabriellejsmith", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JKU9GHU9", "version": 1235, "itemType": "note", "note": "

Black Women and Film: The Oscars

\n

Introduction and Objective

\n

The objective of this annotated bibliography is to comprise a group of readings that offer a holistic view into the discourse involving black women in film and more specifically the Oscars.

\n

Referencing authors who have contributed to the discourse such as Hine, Mask and Brown to draw conclusion about the affect the Oscars have had on the portrayal of African-American women. The essential reading by Mask really is a reflective approach on five prominent figures and the ways is which their characterization in film has lead to their iconic star status. In the end this annotated bibliography leaves the reader wondering what the influence of rewards like the Oscars mean and imply to popular culture.

\n

This annotated bibliography deals with several important questions concerning the commodification of the black female body, the involvement of black women in interracial marriages in film and lastly the impact these icons have on popular culture. In conclusion, this annotated bibliography delves into the past and the present of representation and leaves the reader asking questions that move beyond the common discourses.

\n

 

", "tags": [ { "tag": "Black Women and Film: The Oscars" }, { "tag": "Gabrielle Smith" }, { "tag": "Mask" }, { "tag": "Representation" } ], "collections": [ "TJVQ9DV5" ], "relations": { "dc:relation": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/DZZS8UFI", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/PU6TCHEX", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/TDNEPEGI", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/44N37UZT", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/BQJRHM82", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/TCE5UWWI", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/A6MW3EU6", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/2EJWDGQG", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/M3BHTQ3J", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/MQKN5QW5", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/V4W7R9I6", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/PNK5BUC3", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/RK57BA9J", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/92VR48MA", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/PV9SVRXH" ] }, "dateAdded": "2014-05-15T18:28:00Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-02T08:13:03Z" } }, { "key": "USD9PMXA", "version": 1264, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/USD9PMXA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/USD9PMXA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845630, "username": "mlc2219", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mlc2219", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 156927, "username": "kh2208", "name": "Kim F. Hall", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kh2208", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zook", "parsedDate": "1999-05-13", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "USD9PMXA", "version": 1264, "itemType": "book", "title": "Color by Fox: The Fox Network and the Revolution in Black Television", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kristal Brent", "lastName": "Zook" } ], "abstractNote": "Following the overwhelming success of \"The Cosby Show\" in the 1980s, an unprecedented shift took place in television history: white executives turned to black dollars as a way of salvaging network profits lost to videocassettes and cable TV. Not only were African-American viewers watching disproportionately more network television than the general population but, as Nielsen finally realized, they preferred black shows. As a result, African-American producers, writers, directors, and stars were given an unusual degree of creative control over shows such as \"The Fresh Prince of Bel Air,\" \"Roc,\" \"Living Single,\" Martin, and \"New York Undercover.\"Locating a persistent black nationalist desire--a yearning for home and community--in shows produced by and for African Americans, Kristal Brent Zook shows how these productions revealed complex and contradictory politics of gender, sexuality, and class. Incorporating interviews with such prominent executives, producers, and stars as Keenen Ivory Wayans, Quincy Jones, Robert Townsend, Charles Dutton, and Yvette Lee Bowser, this study looks at both production and reception among African-American viewers. Zook provides nuanced readings of the shows themselves as well as the political and historical contexts in which they emerged.Though much of black television during this time was criticized for being \"trivial\" or \"buffoonish,\" Color by Fox reveals its deep-rooted ties to African-American protest literature, autobiography, and a collective desire for social transformation.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "First Edition edition", "date": "May 13, 1999", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "place": "New York", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "176", "ISBN": "978-0-19-510612-1", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Color by Fox", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Black television" }, { "tag": "MACKENZIE COLLINS" }, { "tag": "cultural construcrion of race" }, { "tag": "media influence" }, { "tag": "media representation" }, { "tag": "misrepresentation" }, { "tag": "social transformation" } ], "collections": [ "JGJ5QDZA" ], "relations": { "dc:relation": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/4PIXQ84P", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/QUW5FCIW", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/G295Q88R", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/D9IW8JSV", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/7TKZF4NF", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/PZXV5E3P", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/PXIA2997", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/P2E7JI9G", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/3A4XR6M7", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/6X4QT36W", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/RI2SGIKK", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/WISM3ZVS", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/BW7MVJ4Z", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/I9TEWJ82" ] }, "dateAdded": "2014-05-15T15:10:58Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-20T22:23:11Z" } }, { "key": "3A4XR6M7", "version": 1263, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/3A4XR6M7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/3A4XR6M7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845630, "username": "mlc2219", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mlc2219", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 156927, "username": "kh2208", "name": "Kim F. Hall", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kh2208", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dates and Barlow", "parsedDate": "1993-03-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "3A4XR6M7", "version": 1263, "itemType": "book", "title": "Split Image: African Americans in the Mass Media", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jannette L.", "lastName": "Dates" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "William", "lastName": "Barlow" } ], "abstractNote": "Book by", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "2 Sub edition", "date": "March 1, 1993", "publisher": "Howard University Press", "place": "Washington, D.C", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "574", "ISBN": "978-0-88258-179-8", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Split Image", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Black representation" }, { "tag": "Black television" }, { "tag": "MACKENZIE COLLINS" }, { "tag": "Representation" }, { "tag": "Television" }, { "tag": "cultural construcrion of race" }, { "tag": "misrepresentation" } ], "collections": [ "JGJ5QDZA" ], "relations": { "dc:relation": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/4PIXQ84P", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/USD9PMXA", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/PZXV5E3P", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/D9IW8JSV", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/BW7MVJ4Z", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/PXIA2997", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/P2E7JI9G", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/QUW5FCIW", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/WISM3ZVS", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/7TKZF4NF", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/I9TEWJ82" ] }, "dateAdded": "2014-05-15T15:10:58Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-20T22:23:11Z" } }, { "key": "MZ3IIW77", "version": 1248, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/MZ3IIW77", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/MZ3IIW77", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/I9TEWJ82", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845630, "username": "mlc2219", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mlc2219", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 156927, "username": "kh2208", "name": "Kim F. Hall", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kh2208", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MZ3IIW77", "version": 1248, "parentItem": "I9TEWJ82", "itemType": "note", "note": "

I found this article on BuzzFeed after the fact, but I just thought it related so well to the topic. It really depicts the effects of modern day television and the strides being taken to make television more diverse on multiple television channels.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-19T15:20:34Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-19T15:21:32Z" } }, { "key": "I9TEWJ82", "version": 1231, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/I9TEWJ82", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/I9TEWJ82", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845630, "username": "mlc2219", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mlc2219", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "I9TEWJ82", "version": 1231, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "How The \"Scandal\" Effect Has Changed Television", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Starting this fall, TV will look more like life — with more actors of color leading casts than ever before.", "websiteTitle": "BuzzFeed", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.buzzfeed.com/kateaurthur/how-the-scandal-effect-has-changed-television", "accessDate": "2014-05-19T15:18:58Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Black television" }, { "tag": "abc", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cbs", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "diversity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "effects of television" }, { "tag": "fox", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "how to get away with murder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nbc", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "shonda rhimes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "the cw", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "JGJ5QDZA" ], "relations": { "dc:relation": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/3A4XR6M7", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/WISM3ZVS", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/PZXV5E3P", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/4PIXQ84P", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/PXIA2997", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/P2E7JI9G", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/QUW5FCIW", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/USD9PMXA", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/D9IW8JSV", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/7TKZF4NF", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/BW7MVJ4Z" ] }, "dateAdded": "2014-05-19T15:18:58Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-19T15:20:13Z" } }, { "key": "GDMBR4SH", "version": 1230, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/GDMBR4SH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/GDMBR4SH", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/I9TEWJ82", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845630, "username": "mlc2219", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mlc2219", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "GDMBR4SH", "version": 1230, "parentItem": "I9TEWJ82", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-05-19T15:18:58Z", "url": "http://www.buzzfeed.com/kateaurthur/how-the-scandal-effect-has-changed-television", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-19T15:18:58Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-19T15:18:58Z" } }, { "key": "TW56K89H", "version": 1233, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/TW56K89H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/TW56K89H", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/A6MW3EU6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 156927, "username": "kh2208", "name": "Kim F. Hall", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kh2208", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TW56K89H", "version": 1233, "parentItem": "A6MW3EU6", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Navigating Racial, Gender and Class Stereotypes

\n

My essential reading is Divas on Screen: Black Women in American film. I picked this book because Mia Mask starts off by introducing the most famous African American women in film: Dorothy Dandridge, Pam Grier, Whoopi Goldberg, Ophrah Winfrey, and Halle Berry. I think Mia Mask sets up an amazing framework in her book for looking at these women in conjunction to blackness and womanhood.

\n

The reason this work is the essential reading is because it opens up the conversation about the ways in which the roles that these African-American icons of film have been subjected to roles that questionably demean the representation of black women. I feel this particular book is a good spring board into other discourses within the context.

\n

Purpose: Mask examines the ways in which these women have been able to navigate racial, gender and class stereotypes. The traits portrayed through the roles played by these women in each film is different and purposeful and/or harmful to how black women are portrayed on the screen.

\n

Mask divides the chapter and relates each actress to a particular description. For example, erotic charisma, sexual charisma and comedic charisma just to name a few.

\n

Mask says that, “Divas on Screen is an examination of the star persona of five African American women, all of whom have transcended- but also been shaped by perusal, professional and sociopolitical obstacles to cross into the mainstream international sociopolitical obstacles.”

\n

Argument:

\n

Mask argues that each actress has played a role in adding to the discourse of identity, culture and womanhood.

\n

1. In the film Tamango, Mask claims Dorothy Dandridge's status as a sexual commodity is revealing the contradictory discourses regarding race and sexuality in America culture especially during the time of segregation.

\n

2. Pam Grier performed in Women in Cages, The Big Doll House, Coffy and Foxy Brown. Her roles Mask argues are highlighting the ways in which there is a tension in representing African-American women as both objectified stereotypes and powerful, self defining icons.

\n

4. Sister Act and The Associate started Whoopi Goldberg and that having an impact of the medias perception of her continuous comedic habits.

\n

5. Lastly, Mask argues that these women didn't appear on their own but instead Horaio Alger and Dorothy Dandridge's careers made Halle Berry's and Oprah Winfrey's success possible.

\n

6. Mask also argues that these successful black women complicate the conventional discursive representations of blackness and womanhood in film and television.

\n

Conclusion:
Overall, in this book Mask intends to go beyond the “good politically progressive model” verses that “bad regressive black stereotype” binary and this is not to dismiss the impact of racial stereotypes because Mask does touch on these issues briefly in each chapter. Instead, the aim is to ask the question of what can we learn and gain from understanding the complexity and sometimes contradictory lives of successful black women? More, what does it mean for African Americas to exist with this, what Mask describes as, narcissistic culture?

\n

 

", "tags": [ { "tag": "American Film" }, { "tag": "Black Women in Film" }, { "tag": "Gabrielle Smith" }, { "tag": "KFH read" }, { "tag": "Pam Grier" }, { "tag": "Race, gender and class" }, { "tag": "Representation of Black Women" }, { "tag": "Sister Act" }, { "tag": "Womenhood and Blackness" }, { "tag": "exclusion" } ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-03T15:08:27Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-19T02:07:39Z" } }, { "key": "MMFHRA74", "version": 1264, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/MMFHRA74", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/MMFHRA74", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845529, "username": "eml2178", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eml2178", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 156927, "username": "kh2208", "name": "Kim F. Hall", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kh2208", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Boyd", "parsedDate": "2008-10-30", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "MMFHRA74", "version": 1264, "itemType": "book", "title": "African Americans and Popular Culture [3 volumes]", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Todd", "lastName": "Boyd" } ], "abstractNote": "The African American influence on popular culture is among the most sweeping and lasting this country has seen. Despite a history of institutionalized racism, black artists, entertainers, and entrepreneurs have had enormous impact on American popular culture. Pioneers such as Oscar Michaeux, Paul Robeson, Satchel Paige, Josh Gibson, Langston Hughes, Bill Bojangles Robinson, and Bessie Smith paved the way for Jackie Robinson, Nina Simone, James Baldwin, Bill Russell, Muhammad Ali, Sidney Poitier, and Bill Cosby, who in turn opened the door for Spike Lee, Dave Chappelle, Dr. Dre, Jay-Z, Tiger Woods, and Michael Jordan. Today, hip hop is the most powerful element of youth culture; white teenagers outnumber blacks as purchasers of rap music; black-themed movies are regularly successful at the box office, and black writers have been anthologized and canonized right alongside white ones. Though there are still many more miles to travel and much to overcome, this three-volume set considers the multifaceted influence of African Americans on popular culture, and sheds new light on the ways in which African American culture has come to be a fundamental and lasting part of America itself.To articulate the momentous impact African American popular culture has had upon the fabric of American society, these three volumes provide analyses from academics and experts across the country. They provide the most reliable, accurate, up-to-date, and comprehensive treatment of key topics, works, and themes in African American popular culture for a new generation of readers. The scope of the project is vast, including: popular historical movements like the Harlem Renaissance; the legacy of African American comedy; African Americans and the Olympics; African Americans and rock 'n roll; more contemporary articulations such as hip hop culture and black urban cinema; and much more. One goal of the project is to recuperate histories that have been perhaps forgotten or obscured to mainstream audiences and to demonstrate how African Americans are not only integral to American culture, but how they have always been purveyors of popular culture.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2008-10-30", "publisher": "ABC-CLIO", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "834", "ISBN": "978-0-313-06408-1", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Black Mothers" }, { "tag": "Boyd" }, { "tag": "Deviance" }, { "tag": "Emani Lewis" }, { "tag": "Government Regulation" }, { "tag": "Media" }, { "tag": "Politics" }, { "tag": "Poverty" }, { "tag": "Social Science / Popular Culture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Surveillance" }, { "tag": "Welfare Queen" }, { "tag": "Welfare System" } ], "collections": [ "AJNT8SES" ], "relations": { "dc:relation": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9AC2EPDE", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9BSBTQW4", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/TD4HFP3R", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/AW7V6I78", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/FH5XGKS6", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/QD4MF2AW", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/98ACJEVQ", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/ZBPHT7S2", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/AS4FE53G" ] }, "dateAdded": "2014-05-16T11:01:57Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-16T11:02:38Z" } }, { "key": "98ACJEVQ", "version": 1264, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/98ACJEVQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/98ACJEVQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845529, "username": "eml2178", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eml2178", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 156927, "username": "kh2208", "name": "Kim F. Hall", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kh2208", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Davis", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "98ACJEVQ", "version": 1264, "itemType": "book", "title": "SUNY series in African American Studies : Battered Black Women and Welfare Reform : Between a Rock and a Hard Place", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dana-Ain", "lastName": "Davis" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2006", "publisher": "State University of New York Press", "place": "Ithaca, NY, USA", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "978-0-7914-8130-1", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10579143", "accessDate": "2014-04-22T20:41:57Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "SUNY series in African American Studies", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ebrary", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Abused women -- United States.", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "African American women.", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Davis" }, { "tag": "Domestic Abuse" }, { "tag": "Poverty" }, { "tag": "Public welfare -- United States.", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Self-Sufficiency" }, { "tag": "Shelter" }, { "tag": "Surveillance" }, { "tag": "Welfare System" }, { "tag": "Welfare recipients -- United States.", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "AJNT8SES" ], "relations": { "dc:relation": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9AC2EPDE", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/MMFHRA74", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/ZBPHT7S2", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/AS4FE53G", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9BSBTQW4", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/TD4HFP3R", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/AW7V6I78", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/FH5XGKS6", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/QD4MF2AW" ] }, "dateAdded": "2014-05-16T11:01:57Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-16T11:02:37Z" } }, { "key": "AS4FE53G", "version": 1264, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/AS4FE53G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/AS4FE53G", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845529, "username": "eml2178", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eml2178", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 156927, "username": "kh2208", "name": "Kim F. Hall", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kh2208", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hancock", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "AS4FE53G", "version": 1264, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Politics of Disgust: The Public Identity of the Welfare Queen", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ange-Marie", "lastName": "Hancock" } ], "abstractNote": "Winner of the 2006 Race, Ethnicity, and Politics Organized Section Best First Book Award from the American Political Science Association Winner of the 2006 W.E.B. DuBois Book Award from the National Conference of Black Political Scientists Ange-Marie Hancock argues that longstanding beliefs about poor African American mothers were the foundation for the contentious 1996 welfare reform debate that effectively \"ended welfare as we know it.\" By examining the public identity of the so-called welfare queen and its role in hindering democratic deliberation, The Politics of Disgust shows how stereotypes and politically motivated misperceptions about race, class and gender were effectively used to instigate a politics of disgust. The ongoing role of the politics of disgust in welfare policy is revealed here by using content analyses of the news media, the 1996 congressional floor debates, historical evidence and interviews with welfare recipients themselves. Hancock's incisive analysis is both compelling and disturbing, suggesting the great limits of today's democracy in guaranteeing not just fair and equitable policy outcomes, but even a fair chance for marginalized citizens to participate in the process.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2004", "publisher": "NYU Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "228", "ISBN": "978-0-8147-3670-8", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Politics of Disgust", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Economic Vulnerability" }, { "tag": "Emani Lewis" }, { "tag": "Hancock" }, { "tag": "Media Coverage" }, { "tag": "Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services & Welfare", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Politics" }, { "tag": "Poverty" }, { "tag": "Public Identity" }, { "tag": "Racial Biases" }, { "tag": "Social Science / Poverty & Homelessness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Welfare System" } ], "collections": [ "AJNT8SES" ], "relations": { "dc:relation": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9AC2EPDE", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/MMFHRA74", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9BSBTQW4", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/TD4HFP3R", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/AW7V6I78", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/FH5XGKS6", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/QD4MF2AW", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/98ACJEVQ", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/ZBPHT7S2" ] }, "dateAdded": "2014-05-16T11:01:57Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-16T11:02:36Z" } }, { "key": "9BSBTQW4", "version": 1264, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9BSBTQW4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/9BSBTQW4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845529, "username": "eml2178", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eml2178", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 156927, "username": "kh2208", "name": "Kim F. Hall", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kh2208", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jewell", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "9BSBTQW4", "version": 1264, "itemType": "book", "title": "Survival of the African American Family: The Institutional Impact of U.S. Social Policy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K. Sue", "lastName": "Jewell" } ], "abstractNote": "Challenging widely held beliefs, this provocative book offers nothing less than a blueprint for enhancing the social and economic status of African American families. Despite the implementation of liberal social policies in the 1960s and '70s, successive U.S. administrations continue to dash the hopes and expectations of African Americans, who remain subject to racism and discrimination. Arguing that social policies—and their absence—have affected the stability of the African American family, Jewell refutes the myth of significant progress for African American families emanating from the civil rights era, exposing the myriad reasons why greater advancement toward equality has not occurred in major societal institutions. Attention is focused on the extent to which African American families have been adversely affected by a process of assimilation that was socio-psychological rather than economic. This new edition builds upon the first edition, and is revised and expanded to reflect new and persistent institutional policies and practices of race, gender and class inequality facing African American families. The revised edition explores such issues as racial profiling, capital punishment, police brutality, predatory lending, No Child Left Behind, welfare reform, affirmative action and racial disparities in healthcare, academic achievement and home ownership. Jewell proposes a variety of strategies and policies that are needed to ensure greater social and economic equality and justice for African American families.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2003", "publisher": "Greenwood Publishing Group", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "318", "ISBN": "978-0-275-95779-7", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Survival of the African American Family", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Assimilation" }, { "tag": "Economic Vulnerability" }, { "tag": "Emani Lewis" }, { "tag": "Government" }, { "tag": "Jewell" }, { "tag": "Political Science / Public Policy / Social Policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Policies" }, { "tag": "Social Science / Ethnic Studies / African American Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Science / Sociology / Marriage & Family", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Welfare System" } ], "collections": [ "AJNT8SES" ], "relations": { "dc:relation": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9AC2EPDE", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/TD4HFP3R", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/AW7V6I78", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/MMFHRA74", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/FH5XGKS6", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/QD4MF2AW", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/98ACJEVQ", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/ZBPHT7S2", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/AS4FE53G" ] }, "dateAdded": "2014-05-16T11:01:57Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-16T11:02:35Z" } }, { "key": "ZBPHT7S2", "version": 962, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/ZBPHT7S2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/ZBPHT7S2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845529, "username": "eml2178", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eml2178", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Roberts", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZBPHT7S2", "version": 962, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Black Club Women and Child Welfare: Lessons for Modern Reform", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dorothy E.", "lastName": "Roberts" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Florida State University Law Review", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2004-2005", "volume": "32", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "957", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Fla. St. U. L. Rev.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/flsulr32&id=969&div=&collection=journals", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Black Club Women and Child Welfare", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Black Women" }, { "tag": "Child Health and Development" }, { "tag": "Domesticity" }, { "tag": "Emani Lewis" }, { "tag": "Inequality" }, { "tag": "Mothers" }, { "tag": "Racial Advancement" }, { "tag": "Roberts" }, { "tag": "Welfare Queen" }, { "tag": "Welfare System" }, { "tag": "discrimination" } ], "collections": [ "AJNT8SES" ], "relations": { "dc:relation": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9AC2EPDE", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/AS4FE53G", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/MMFHRA74", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9BSBTQW4", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/TD4HFP3R", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/AW7V6I78", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/FH5XGKS6", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/QD4MF2AW", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/98ACJEVQ" ] }, "dateAdded": "2014-05-16T11:01:57Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-16T11:02:34Z" } }, { "key": "QD4MF2AW", "version": 1240, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/QD4MF2AW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/QD4MF2AW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845529, "username": "eml2178", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eml2178", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sapphire", "parsedDate": "1997", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "QD4MF2AW", "version": 1240, "itemType": "book", "title": "Push : a novel /", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Sapphire" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1st Vintage Contemporaries ed.", "date": "1997.", "publisher": "Vintage Contemporaries/Vintage Books,", "place": "New York :", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "0679766758 :", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Push", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "AIDS" }, { "tag": "Abuse" }, { "tag": "Black Family" }, { "tag": "Emani Lewis" }, { "tag": "Essential Readings" }, { "tag": "Harlem" }, { "tag": "Literacy" }, { "tag": "Poverty" }, { "tag": "Push" }, { "tag": "Sapphire" }, { "tag": "Welfare Queen" }, { "tag": "Welfare System" } ], "collections": [ "64QERHUQ", "AJNT8SES", "I6RSVTBV", "PRK2R3J4" ], "relations": { "dc:relation": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9AC2EPDE", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/98ACJEVQ", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/MMFHRA74", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/TD4HFP3R", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/AW7V6I78", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/ZBPHT7S2", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/AS4FE53G", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9BSBTQW4", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/FH5XGKS6" ] }, "dateAdded": "2014-04-29T02:07:37Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-16T11:02:33Z" } }, { "key": "TD4HFP3R", "version": 1264, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/TD4HFP3R", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/TD4HFP3R", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845529, "username": "eml2178", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eml2178", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 156927, "username": "kh2208", "name": "Kim F. Hall", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kh2208", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Shipler", "parsedDate": "2008-11-12", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "TD4HFP3R", "version": 1264, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Working Poor: Invisible in America", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David K.", "lastName": "Shipler" } ], "abstractNote": "“Nobody who works hard should be poor in America,” writes Pulitzer Prize winner David Shipler. Clear-headed, rigorous, and compassionate, he journeys deeply into the lives of individual store clerks and factory workers, farm laborers and sweat-shop seamstresses, illegal immigrants in menial jobs and Americans saddled with immense student loans and paltry wages. They are known as the working poor.They perform labor essential to America’s comfort. They are white and black, Latino and Asian--men and women in small towns and city slums trapped near the poverty line, where the margins are so tight that even minor setbacks can cause devastating chain reactions. Shipler shows how liberals and conservatives are both partly right–that practically every life story contains failure by both the society and the individual. Braced by hard fact and personal testimony, he unravels the forces that confine people in the quagmire of low wages. And unlike most works on poverty, this book also offers compelling portraits of employers struggling against razor-thin profits and competition from abroad. With pointed recommendations for change that challenge Republicans and Democrats alike, The Working Poor stands to make a difference.From the Trade Paperback edition.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2008-11-12", "publisher": "Random House LLC", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "355", "ISBN": "978-0-307-49340-8", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Working Poor", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Emani Lewis" }, { "tag": "Family Characteristics" }, { "tag": "Institutional Impacts" }, { "tag": "Poverty" }, { "tag": "Shipler" }, { "tag": "Social Science / Sociology / General", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Taxes" }, { "tag": "Visibility" }, { "tag": "Wages" }, { "tag": "Working Class Families" } ], "collections": [ "AJNT8SES" ], "relations": { "dc:relation": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9AC2EPDE", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/AW7V6I78", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/FH5XGKS6", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/QD4MF2AW", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9BSBTQW4", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/98ACJEVQ", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/ZBPHT7S2", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/AS4FE53G", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/MMFHRA74" ] }, "dateAdded": "2014-05-16T11:01:57Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-16T11:02:32Z" } }, { "key": "AW7V6I78", "version": 962, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 252674, "name": "BWA2014", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/252674/items/AW7V6I78", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bwa2014/items/AW7V6I78", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845529, "username": "eml2178", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eml2178", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2006-07-27", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "AW7V6I78", "version": 962, "itemType": "magazineArticle", "title": "From welfare to workfare", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Ten years on, America's work-based welfare reforms have succeeded. Now the country must think harder about the working poor and their children", "publicationTitle": "The Economist", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jul 27th 2006", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "ISSN": "0013-0613", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.economist.com/node/7226120", "accessDate": "2014-05-16T04:47:07Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "The Economist", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bill Clinton" }, { "tag": "Economist" }, { "tag": "Emani Lewis" }, { "tag": "Employment Rate" }, { "tag": "Expectations" }, { "tag": "Labor Force" }, { "tag": "Politics" }, { "tag": "Poverty Rate" }, { "tag": "Productivity" }, { "tag": "Single Mothers" }, { "tag": "Welfare Reform" }, { "tag": "Welfare System" } ], "collections": [ "AJNT8SES" ], "relations": { "dc:relation": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9AC2EPDE", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/QD4MF2AW", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/TD4HFP3R", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/FH5XGKS6", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/98ACJEVQ", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/ZBPHT7S2", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/AS4FE53G", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/MMFHRA74", "http://zotero.org/groups/252674/items/9BSBTQW4" ] }, "dateAdded": "2014-05-16T11:01:57Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-16T11:02:31Z" } } ]