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            "abstractNote": "Nicotine is often characterised as non-intoxicating, at least if intoxication is understood in terms of the disinhibition and impaired control associated with being drunk. However, a broader understanding of intoxication incorporates more subtle and transient changes in consciousness. This chapter examines nicotine consumption via this inclusive category of intoxication, highlighting its capacity to enable self-control, produce spiritual experience and moments of pleasure. The versatility of nicotine is emphasised. Distinct nicotine-related social practices based on different combinations of materiality, meanings and know-how emerge and flourish in different locations. The chapter aims to contribute to a de-pathologised account of intoxication, which can attend to small shifts in mood and perception. It also challenges the idea that pharmacology determines the effects and experiences of both intoxication and the drug.",
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            "abstractNote": "Background\nThe sociocultural norms moderating alcohol consumption in Nigeria were more permissive for men than women in the traditional era. Alcohol use among young people was taboo, and intoxication among men who occupy drinking spaces was punished. In contemporary Nigeria, heavy drinking and the ‘culture of intoxication’ are reified features of some young people's leisure lives.\nMethods\nDrawing on the intersections of pleasure and intoxication, this study explores the interplay between deliberate heavy drinking and the positioning of intoxication experiences as pleasurable. We conducted 53 semi-structured interviews and 3 focus groups (N = 26) with 18–24-year-old youths in Benin City, Southern Nigeria.\nResults\nParticipants deliberately pursued heavy drinking and intoxication to experience 'altered bodily effects', to know the feelings of intoxication, and to master extreme drinking levels. Other explanations given for ‘determined drunkenness’ included fun and excitement. Participants sought pleasurable experiences of drinking through repeated deliberate drunkenness or by taking large quantities of spirits. ‘Loss of control' experiences were described as fun and exciting, and participants laughed when friends showed them videos of their 'passing out’ experiences. Gendered alcohol ‘providing’ rituals in peer networks that facilitated intoxication and loss of consciousness were used to enact friendships. Providing drinks for friends and consuming large quantities conferred a higher status on the buyer and drinker, respectively. Friendship networks performed double-edged roles by instigating heavy drinking and providing care for inebriated members.\nConclusion\nThe emerging drinking culture in Nigeria suggests that the cultural prohibitionist approach to young people's drinking should be reconsidered. Policymakers should implement public health interventions that promote low-risk drinking practices to mitigate the risks of heavy drinking and intoxication.",
            "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Drug Policy",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2022-01-01",
            "volume": "99",
            "issue": "",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "103454",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "International Journal of Drug Policy",
            "DOI": "10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103454",
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            "shortTitle": "‘I just drink to feel abnormal for some time’",
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                    "type": 1
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            "abstractNote": "This paper reports on a participatory ethnography conducted with undergraduate students. It examined the rituals and habits through which they constructed their intoxication culture. Students used video recording devices such as smartphones to collect data about aspects of their intoxication experiences. They were then interviewed about emerging analytical themes. In this paper we focus on one aspect of intoxication culture, the place of pleasure in women's accounts. We build on previous research that showed that pleasure was present but not always dominant in women's accounts of leisure focused drinking. They experienced the predominant, neo-liberal concept of pleasure as a demand which had to be navigated alongside their own desires which could include a preference for a more situated, intimate, sociability. Pre-drinking occasions were especially significant as places where bonds could be built up and body and self prepared to enter the public night-time economy. For many, this preparation became the main, enjoyable event in contrast to sometimes fraught and demanding public drinking spaces, where women could find themselves subject to various critical judgements about their femininity. Their activities on these occasions focused on achieving a ?good drunk?, a manageable state of group intoxication. We use these findings to comment critically on the gendering of the night-time economy, the narrow framing of ?pleasure? in it, and the commodification of student experience in the UK.",
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            "abstractNote": "The paper draws on qualitative interviews with a sample of male and female smokers who live in areas of disadvantage in Edinburgh, Scotland, to examine their perceptions of habit and addiction and the implications for smoking behaviour. The paper shows how smokers have a sophisticated understanding of these concepts and the way in which they affected their smoking behaviour across the course of a ‘typical’ day. The paper argues that daily contexts which smokers inhabit either constrain or facilitate smoking and as such play a central role in the way in which they smoke. In contexts where smoking was constrained (by externally or self-imposed restrictions) smokers described how they employed various strategies to achieve and maintain what they perceived to be a desirable level of nicotine intake, such as by anticipatory smoking. Where restrictions on smoking were absent, men's and women's smoking appeared remarkably similar. However, for the most part, the contexts which men and women inhabited over the course of the day differed, with women assuming the largest share of domestic and child care responsibilities. Apparent gender differences in smoking behaviour appeared to be related to the different daily contexts which men and women inhabited. Crucially, the influences on smoking described by respondents in this study were closely related to circumstances of socio-economic deprivation.",
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            "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Wildfires in California have become more deadly and destructive in recent years, and four of the ten most destructive fires occurred in 2017 and 2018. Through interviews with service providers, this article explores how these recent wildfires have impacted surrounding communities and the role various recovery resources have played in responding to the short- and long-term health and social needs of survivors.\nMETHODS: Using a purposive sampling methodology, we interviewed 21 health and social service personnel who assisted in wildfire recovery efforts in California in 2017 and 2018. The study participants worked or volunteered in medical facilities, social services agencies and philanthropy/nonprofit organizations located in communities affected by wildfires. Participants were asked about three common, overarching themes that fire-impacted communities navigate post-disaster: health issues, social issues, and response and recovery resources. Inductive coding was used to identify common subthemes.\nRESULTS: The two most frequently discussed social issues during interviews were housing and employment access. Mental and emotional well-being and access to health resources were identified as being the most challenging health concerns that survivors face post-disaster. Participants also identified the following private and public recovery resources that survivors use to attempt to restabilize following the fire: community support, county agencies, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA,) insurance companies and philanthropic organizations. However, participants noted that the cumulative impacts of these efforts still leave many of their patients and clients without the resources needed to restabilize emotionally, financially and physically. Finally, participants spoke about the community-wide, downstream impacts of wildfires, noting that \"survivors\" are not only those whose health is immediately compromised by the disaster.\nCONCLUSION: Given the worsening wildfire seasons in California, we must increase our understanding of both the scope of the health and social issues that survivors navigate following a disaster, as well as the effectiveness and sustainability of recovery resources available to survivors. We must also understand the \"ripple effect\" that wildfires have on surrounding communalities, impacting housing access, social services, and health care access. More research and support, especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic, is urgently needed to improve our ability to support the health and social needs of wildfire survivors in the future.",
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            "abstractNote": "Critical drug studies have developed a significant body of work that illuminates understanding of gender and drug use as well as drug pleasures. However, framing the study of women and their drug pleasures through critical drug studies presents potential limitations. The posthuman turn de-emphasises the primary goal of drug use: a particular subjective experience. Both the language and theoretical frameworks of new materialism potentially distance researchers, as interlocutors, from engaging the human experience of drug pleasures, rendering drug use abstract and unknowable.In a historical context in which women’s intoxication has invoked shaming and criminalisation, control of their bodies, and silencing of dissent, scholarly activism by and inclusion of women who use drugs should be foundational to critical drug studies. Autoethnography offers a modality by which personal narrative becomes a convention of academic writing. It also presents a way of performing the self critically and authentically within conceptual frameworks that explore the complex, intersectional politics of women’s drug use, ways that are representationally missing in the scholarship. An ethics of care as part of one’s practice of the self proposes a radically different way of framing drug use. The recognition and normalisation of drug pleasures as the complicated, emergent, expressions of ethical self-care that they are for women (and all people who use drugs) promises fertile ground for future scholarly exploration. Research based in the lived experience of women who use drugs will help establish languages that resituate drug use in the phenomenology of their experience.",
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            "abstractNote": "The issue of ‘alcohol-fuelled violence’ has been the subject of intense policy debate in Australia. While this debate is warranted, its contours and content have been informed and shaped by a surprisingly narrow range of research resources. Narrow research engagements of this kind warrant scrutiny because they can exclude from consideration crucial issues. In this article we identify one such issue, that of gender. Following a review of the Australian literature on gender, alcohol and violence, our analysis explores four case studies drawn from the Australian research corpus, focusing on large quantitative studies as these tend to receive most attention and citation in policy debate. Such studies consistently erase the contribution of key gender dynamics, namely enactments of particular (often youthful) masculinities, to violence involving alcohol, even where they simultaneously provide strong support in their data for such a conclusion. We show how this research is mobilised specifically in support of claims about the causal role of alcohol in violence and of blanket population-level responses to the problem. There is an urgent need to map the character and scope of the tendency to erase certain gender issues in research on alcohol and violence in order to better inform policy responses.",
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            "abstractNote": "This paper investigates young women's alcohol consumption in the United Kingdom within a widespread culture of intoxication in relation to recent debates about postfeminism and contemporary femininity. Young women are faced with an “impossible dilemma,” arising from the contradiction between a hedonistic discourse of alcohol consumption and postfeminist discourse around attaining and maintaining the “right” form of hypersexual heterosexual femininity. Drawing on a recent interview study with 24 young white working-class and middle-class women in the South-West of England, we explore how young women inhabit the dilemmas of contemporary femininity in youth drinking cultures, striving to achieve the “right” form of hypersexual femininity and an “optimum” level of drunkenness.",
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