[ { "key": "KBE62YNW", "version": 29438, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence Studies Database", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2514686/items/KBE62YNW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KBE62YNW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5900238, "username": "yusuf_ozkan", "name": "Yusuf Ozkan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yusuf_ozkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lowenthal", "parsedDate": "2025-10-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KBE62YNW", "version": 29438, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Intelligence is Left-Handed", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark M.", "lastName": "Lowenthal" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence", "publisher": "Routledge", "place": "", "date": "2025-10-21", "volume": "0", "issue": "0", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-3", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/08850607.2025.2571875", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2571875", "accessDate": "2025-10-25T08:15:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0885-0607", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2571875", "tags": [], "collections": [ "7R9UG9WU" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-25T08:15:34Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-25T08:15:39Z" } }, { "key": "W439USTL", "version": 29438, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence Studies Database", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2514686/items/W439USTL", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W439USTL", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5900238, "username": "yusuf_ozkan", "name": "Yusuf Ozkan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yusuf_ozkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Akıncı and Şimşeker", "parsedDate": "2025-10-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "W439USTL", "version": 29438, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Open source intelligence: newspapers and the Ottoman Intelligence Department in the First World War", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Berat", "lastName": "Akıncı" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Somer Alp", "lastName": "Şimşeker" } ], "abstractNote": "The role of newspapers in the Ottoman Empire was pivotal in shaping public opinion and disseminating state policies. Particularly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the evolution of the press emerged as a critical factor in the political and social metamorphosis within the Ottoman context. Newspapers transcended their traditional function of merely reporting news; they also became instrumental in education, propaganda and the establishment of ideological frameworks. Newspapers also served as open-source intelligence for intelligence organisations. The Ottoman Empire’s intelligence department (The Second Branch of the General Staff) used information from various newspapers and translated and disseminated them to decision makers. They were also under the control of this branch for possible information leakage. Therefore, the impact of censorship and regulatory oversight significantly shaped the operational landscape of the press. This article is a descriptive one that will try to identify the role of the Intelligence Department and the press.", "publicationTitle": "Middle Eastern Studies", "publisher": "Routledge", "place": "", "date": "2025-10-21", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-24", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/00263206.2025.2571121", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00263206.2025.2571121", "accessDate": "2025-10-24T07:55:21Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0026-3206", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Open source intelligence", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "tandfonline.com (Atypon)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "BNPYHVD4", "LXMU5UXP" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-24T07:55:21Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-24T07:58:22Z" } }, { "key": "3WVYKGY5", "version": 28603, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence Studies Database", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2514686/items/3WVYKGY5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3WVYKGY5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5900238, "username": "yusuf_ozkan", "name": "Yusuf Ozkan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yusuf_ozkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brennan", "parsedDate": "2025-10-17", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3WVYKGY5", "version": 28603, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Intelligence Gathering: A New Obstacle for Constitutional Law", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joseph", "lastName": "Brennan" } ], "abstractNote": "Intelligence gathering has always been a vital part of the United States’ success in its battles against foreign states and non-state actors. From spy networks during the Revolutionary War to tapping cell phones and using satellite imagery, advances in intelligence often lead to debates about the constitutionality and legality of these practices. Using several historical instances, laws, and committees, there is an argument to be made about the limitation on intelligence gathering and congressional oversight. This paper addresses these concerns, along with the general relationship between legislative intelligence gathering, the intelligence community, and Constitutional Law.", "publicationTitle": "Political Analysis", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2025-10-17", "volume": "23", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.70531/2474-2295.1069", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://scholarship.shu.edu/pa/vol23/iss1/2", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2474-2295", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Intelligence Gathering", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "COinS", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "UVSM9U3L" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-24T07:57:57Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-24T07:58:08Z" } }, { "key": "UAVUH9DD", "version": 29438, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence Studies Database", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2514686/items/UAVUH9DD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UAVUH9DD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5900238, "username": "yusuf_ozkan", "name": "Yusuf Ozkan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yusuf_ozkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "West", "parsedDate": "2025-10-17", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UAVUH9DD", "version": 29438, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Invisible bodies of war: British servicewomen on covert operations in Northern Ireland", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hannah", "lastName": "West" } ], "abstractNote": "Women were employed to operate covertly with British security forces and paramilitary organisations during the Troubles in Northern Ireland (1968–1998). However, the experiences and legacies of British servicewomen on conventional and covert operations during the Troubles are notably under-researched, even in comparison to recent scholarship on women in paramilitary organisations. This paper explores the politics of visibility on military ‘front lines’ through the construction of women covert operators as invisible bodies of war, considering how this informs understandings of gender dynamics and the construction of (gendered) knowledges about war. The article makes both an empirical and theoretical contribution. Empirically, it gives voice to several former women operators based on in-depth qualitative interviews detailing the experiences of a group of service personnel who have been largely marginalised from the dominant (British Army) telling of the Troubles. Theoretically, it uses this empirical evidence to elucidate the concept of the ‘negotiated gender order’.", "publicationTitle": "Intelligence and National Security", "publisher": "Routledge", "place": "", "date": "2025-10-17", "volume": "0", "issue": "0", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-24", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/02684527.2025.2565939", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2565939", "accessDate": "2025-10-21T09:33:32Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0268-4527", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Invisible bodies of war", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2565939", "tags": [ { "tag": "14 Intelligence Company", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Northern Ireland", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Op Banner", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Troubles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ulster Defence Regiment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "covert", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "invisibility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "negotiated gender order", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "servicewomen", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "B6RJNLTK", "V7KUA58M" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-21T09:33:32Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-21T09:33:38Z" } }, { "key": "5G532RTX", "version": 29438, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence Studies Database", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2514686/items/5G532RTX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5G532RTX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5900238, "username": "yusuf_ozkan", "name": "Yusuf Ozkan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yusuf_ozkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dunkley", "parsedDate": "2025", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5G532RTX", "version": 29438, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Cultural Heritage Intelligence and Human Security: Exercise HORIZON STRIKE", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark", "lastName": "Dunkley" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Rouhani", "lastName": "Bijan" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Clack", "lastName": "Timothy" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Finlayson", "lastName": "Bill" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Reporting Heritage Destruction", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2025", "publisher": "Archaeopress Archaeology", "place": "Bicester", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "", "ISBN": "978-1-80583-038-2", "DOI": "10.32028/9781805830382", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://archaeopress.com/Archaeopress/Products/9781805830382", "accessDate": "2025-10-21T09:32:05Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "DOI.org (Crossref)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "7R9UG9WU" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-21T09:32:05Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-21T09:33:03Z" } }, { "key": "EHMZ4S2B", "version": 29438, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence Studies Database", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2514686/items/EHMZ4S2B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EHMZ4S2B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5900238, "username": "yusuf_ozkan", "name": "Yusuf Ozkan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yusuf_ozkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Walker", "parsedDate": "2025-10-17", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EHMZ4S2B", "version": 29438, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A country with “its own special problems”: domestic surveillance in Scotland during the Second World War", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michelle", "lastName": "Walker" } ], "abstractNote": "In the early years of the Second World War, rising workplace discontent, perceived communist influence, and war weariness sparked a suite of investigations into civilian mood and behaviour in the volatile west of Scotland. This article examines three ways the general domestic population was monitored in Scotland’s industrial heartland: by the police, via a state-private partnership, and by a special interest group. In doing so, this article hopes to reshape knowledge of the domestic intelligence sphere in wartime Britain, and illuminate the extent to which Allied societies were subject to counter-measures to undermine perceived ‘subversive’ activities.", "publicationTitle": "Intelligence and National Security", "publisher": "Routledge", "place": "", "date": "2025-10-17", "volume": "0", "issue": "0", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-24", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/02684527.2025.2573607", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2573607", "accessDate": "2025-10-21T09:30:38Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0268-4527", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "A country with “its own special problems”", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2573607", "tags": [ { "tag": "Britain", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Scotland", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Second World War", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "communism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "counter-subversion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "industrial unrest", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "surveillance", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "28B8SB3Y", "SCCGXHMZ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-21T09:30:38Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-21T09:30:45Z" } }, { "key": "UJERDLLH", "version": 28970, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence Studies Database", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2514686/items/UJERDLLH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UJERDLLH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5900238, "username": "yusuf_ozkan", "name": "Yusuf Ozkan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yusuf_ozkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Elliff", "parsedDate": "1979", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UJERDLLH", "version": 28970, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Reform of FBI Intelligence Operations", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John T.", "lastName": "Elliff" } ], "abstractNote": "Acts of terrorist violence and foreign espionage may pose a serious threat to the security of the United States; yet recent disclosures demonstrate the great risk in giving an agency such as the FBI unlimited authority for gathering intelligence about terrorists and spies. Taking into account the findings and recommendations of the post-Watergate inquiries into FBI operations, John Elliff analyzes the legal and policy questions posed by a “security police” in a nation committed to constitutional government and the rule of law.\n\nThe author draws on his experience both as principal consultant for the Police Foundation’s research on FBI intelligence operations and as head of the Church committee’s congressional staff task force on domestic intelligence. He examines the changes made in the structure and policy framework for FBI intelligence operations, including issues not fully resolved by reorganization and new guidelines. He also covers the standards and procedures for dealing with misconduct by FBI personnel.\n\nDr. Elliff concludes that the present restrictions on FBI activities are necessary and that close supervision and control by the Attorney General will allow the Bureau to operate effectively without depriving law-abiding persons of their privacy or their freedom.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1979", "publisher": "Princeton University Press", "place": "United States", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "978-0-691-63782-2", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691637822/the-reform-of-fbi-intelligence-operations", "accessDate": "2025-10-21T09:11:22Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "CK5MNYPQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-21T09:11:22Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-21T09:30:12Z" } }, { "key": "ZMZ7QBLX", "version": 28580, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence Studies Database", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2514686/items/ZMZ7QBLX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZMZ7QBLX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5900238, "username": "yusuf_ozkan", "name": "Yusuf Ozkan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yusuf_ozkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Goodman", "parsedDate": "2025-09-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZMZ7QBLX", "version": 28580, "itemType": "blogPost", "title": "The Politicization of Intelligence Weakens the United States", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Melvin", "lastName": "Goodman" } ], "abstractNote": "The politicization of intelligence is nothing new, but Donald Trump is finding new ways to pursue it.  The United States has gone to war with phony intelligence on major occasions, including the Mexican-America War, the Spanish-American War, the Vietnam War, and the Iraq War.  Too many directors of the Central Intelligence Agency have been directly involved in politicizing intelligence, including Richard Helms, James Schlesinger, William Casey, Robert Gates, David Petraeus, Mike Pompeo, George Tenet, John Brennan, and the current director John Ratcliffe.", "blogTitle": "CounterPunch.org", "websiteType": "", "date": "2025-09-09T06:07:54+00:00", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.counterpunch.org/2025/09/09/the-politicization-of-intelligence-weakens-the-united-states/", "accessDate": "2025-10-21T09:09:41Z", "ISSN": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en-US", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "B4CCZ7Y8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-21T09:09:41Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-21T09:09:41Z" } }, { "key": "XLN5XA2C", "version": 28577, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence Studies Database", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2514686/items/XLN5XA2C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XLN5XA2C", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5900238, "username": "yusuf_ozkan", "name": "Yusuf Ozkan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yusuf_ozkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pascoe", "parsedDate": "2025-10-18", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XLN5XA2C", "version": 28577, "itemType": "blogPost", "title": "Dutch intelligence services now share less information with US", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robin", "lastName": "Pascoe" } ], "abstractNote": "The Dutch intelligence services are sharing less information with the United States and working more closely with European partners, AIVD director Erik Akerboom and MIVD director Peter Reesink have told the Volkskrant in a joint interview. Their caution towards Washington is linked to what they describe as the increasingly autocratic course of president Donald Trump, who has dismissed senior officials for lacking loyalty and used lawsuits to pressure journalists, judges and universities. The directors said this is the first time...", "blogTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "2025-10-18T13:32:53+00:00", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.dutchnews.nl/2025/10/dutch-intelligence-services-now-share-less-information-with-us/", "accessDate": "2025-10-20T08:07:44Z", "ISSN": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "AZ3BZ9BR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-20T08:07:44Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-20T08:07:44Z" } }, { "key": "84SHHVEE", "version": 28576, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence Studies Database", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2514686/items/84SHHVEE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": 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}, "data": { "key": "BXBKWM67", "version": 28575, "itemType": "blogPost", "title": "From Lan­g­ley to Tokyo: The JFK Assas­si­na­tion Files and Com­mu­nist Covert Oper­a­tions in Cold War Japan", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Satoshi", "lastName": "Yoda" } ], "abstractNote": "", "blogTitle": "King’s Centre for the Study of Intelligence", "websiteType": "", "date": "2025-07-21", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://kcsi.uk/kcsi-insights/from-langley-to-tokyo-the-jfk-assassination-files-and-communist-covert-operations-in-cold-war-japan", "accessDate": "2025-10-17T14:07:35Z", "ISSN": "", "shortTitle": "From Langley to Tokyo", "language": "en-GB", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "CZT6L9T7" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-17T14:07:35Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-18T21:48:03Z" } }, { "key": "JUSQR77M", "version": 28573, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence Studies Database", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2514686/items/JUSQR77M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JUSQR77M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5900238, "username": "yusuf_ozkan", "name": "Yusuf Ozkan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yusuf_ozkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hoffman and Fuller", "parsedDate": "2025", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JUSQR77M", "version": 28573, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "How Mercyhurst’s CIRAT does OSINT – and why", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fred", "lastName": "Hoffman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brian", "lastName": "Fuller" } ], "abstractNote": "Mercyhurst University’s Intelligence Studies program, the oldest intelligence studies program in academia, was founded in 1992. In 1997, Mercyhurst’s Intelligence Studies program established its awardwinning Center for Intelligence, Research, Analysis, and Training (CIRAT), which to this day remains the flagship program for conducting open-source intelligence (OSINT). For a generation, CIRAT has successfully performed OSINT projects for a wide range of government, law enforcement, and private sector clients. Due to the impact of multiple Information Age technologies and trends since the end of the Cold War, open-source intelligence collection, or OSINT, has transformed and proliferated to such an extent that some practitioners now refer to it as second-generation OSINT. The purpose of this study was to employ qualitative research methodologies to analyse CIRAT procedures and performance to better comprehend the reasons for CIRAT’s continued success. We found that CIRAT OSINT projects were successful because student OSINT researchers have been consistently and systematically trained in OSINT principles, procedures, and methodologies and adequately supervised by experienced principal investigators and OSINT subject matter experts. Through participation in CIRAT, students learn through training and experience how OSINT should be properly conducted, what technological tools and tradecraft are necessary to enable its success while mitigating its risks, and how OSINT can be conducted professionally, ethically, and legally. The implications of our findings are that today’s second-generation OSINT practitioners benefit considerably from having both the educational foundation and experiential, tacit learning necessary to not only perform OSINT efficiently and effectively, but also safely and ethically.", "publicationTitle": "Issues in Information Systems", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2025", "volume": "26", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "75-85", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.48009/3_iis_2025_2025_106", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "LXMU5UXP" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-18T21:06:34Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-18T21:07:42Z" } }, { "key": "M5LCLHT8", "version": 28564, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence Studies Database", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2514686/items/M5LCLHT8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M5LCLHT8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5900238, "username": "yusuf_ozkan", "name": "Yusuf Ozkan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yusuf_ozkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dimitrakis", "parsedDate": "2025-10-15", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "M5LCLHT8", "version": 28564, "itemType": "book", "title": "Empires of Spymasters The Secret War Between the British Empire and Imperial Japan, 1900–1941", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Panagiotis", "lastName": "Dimitrakis" } ], "abstractNote": "‘The Empire is the Master [in the Far East] and they are the guests,’ Yamagata Aritomo, the chief imperial strategist in Tokyo, once remarked.\n\nFrom the early 1900s, Imperial Japan aimed for hegemony in the Far East. During this time, resourceful and independent-minded Japanese spymasters focused on acquiring intelligence of advanced naval and aviation technology.\n\nIn London, the War Office and the Foreign Office opted for an alliance treaty with Japan. Nonetheless strategists soon realised that Tokyo was antagonizing Britain in the Far East. The British Empire was deemed weak and overextended. Officials believed that avoiding confrontation with Japan was the only choice, and so Britain condoned Japanese aggression in China. Indeed, pro-Japanese bias influenced official policy at the highest levels.\n\nOnly the spymasters of the Secret Intelligence Service, the Admiralty and the Security Service, recruiting spies across the Far East, were able to reveal Japan’s hostile intent towards the British Empire. In Empires of Spymasters, Panagiotis Dimitrakis tells us how they did it.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2025-10-15", "publisher": "Amberley Publishing", "place": "London", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.amberley-books.com/current-month/empires-of-spymasters.html", "accessDate": "2025-10-18T21:04:45Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "SCCGXHMZ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-18T21:04:45Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-18T21:06:26Z" } }, { "key": "SGHX9V4H", "version": 29438, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence Studies Database", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2514686/items/SGHX9V4H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SGHX9V4H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5900238, "username": "yusuf_ozkan", "name": "Yusuf Ozkan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yusuf_ozkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gressang IV", "parsedDate": "2025-10-14", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SGHX9V4H", "version": 29438, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Adapting AI for Warning", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel S.", "lastName": "Gressang IV" } ], "abstractNote": "Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to revolutionize intelligence production. The partnering of AI and human analysts will be critical for continued production of actionable intelligence in an age of rapid acceleration and expanding threat domains, putting AI development in the forefront of efforts to meet emerging challenges. Strategic warning, however, is different from other analytic production efforts. Warning requires inference of intent and meaning from a given set of observables in order to effectively predict near- and mid-term actions by adversaries. The forward-looking demands inherent in strategic warning argue for an approach to AI adoption that is different from that envisioned for analytic augmentation. This article outlines a linked, semi-autonomous, and scalable system of applications that could address the unique cross-domain demands of strategic warning. It is one possible way AI might be developed and incorporated to meet the expanding and evolving needs of warning.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence", "publisher": "Routledge", "place": "", "date": "2025-10-14", "volume": "0", "issue": "0", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-20", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/08850607.2025.2571503", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2571503", "accessDate": "2025-10-18T21:02:00Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0885-0607", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2571503", "tags": [], "collections": [ "E5UVWK8S" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-18T21:02:00Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-18T21:02:06Z" } }, { "key": "93XHUD84", "version": 29437, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence Studies Database", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2514686/items/93XHUD84", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/93XHUD84", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5900238, "username": "yusuf_ozkan", "name": "Yusuf Ozkan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yusuf_ozkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Finkel", "parsedDate": "2025-10-14", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "93XHUD84", "version": 29437, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Why Strategic Intelligence Analysis is Against and Beyond Human Cognitive Abilities", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Meir", "lastName": "Finkel" } ], "abstractNote": "Similarities between recent strategic intelligence analysis failures and “historic” ones suggest that problems stem not from organizational, processual, or technological issues, all of which have improved over the last decades, but from an unchanging factor—human cognition. There are three interwoven reasons. First, strategic intelligence analysis requires the suppression of human cognitive traits developed during human evolution, such as conformity and heuristics, which lead to biases. Second, it lies outside the “performance envelope” of human cognition because, until historical times, there was no demand or selection process for the cognitive abilities required for this task. Third, memory and computation technologies, which augment human cognition, offer limited benefits in strategic intelligence analysis. Several avenues for addressing this reality are presented.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence", "publisher": "Routledge", "place": "", "date": "2025-10-14", "volume": "0", "issue": "0", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-17", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/08850607.2025.2571879", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2571879", "accessDate": "2025-10-18T21:01:40Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0885-0607", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2571879", "tags": [ { "tag": "Strategic intelligence analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "human cognition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "human evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "intelligence failures", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "CZJ36V8L" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-18T21:01:40Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-18T21:01:48Z" } }, { "key": "FUBUYQR4", "version": 29437, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence Studies Database", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2514686/items/FUBUYQR4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FUBUYQR4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5900238, "username": "yusuf_ozkan", "name": "Yusuf Ozkan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yusuf_ozkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tınas and Tuncal", "parsedDate": "2026-10-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FUBUYQR4", "version": 29437, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "OSINT in the Techno-Political Era: From Intelligence Collection to Exerting Influence", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Murat", "lastName": "Tınas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Doğukan", "lastName": "Tuncal" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Alp C.", "lastName": "Arslan" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Murat", "lastName": "Tınas" } ], "abstractNote": "This study investigates the impact of technological developments on the processes and effectiveness of open-source intelligence (OSINT) in the techno-political era. The research question guiding this study is: “How have advanced technological developments influenced OSINT processes and its overall effectiveness?”. The core hypothesis posits that the expansion of collection capabilities through technological advancements has significantly increased OSINT's efficiency as a collection method, however, these advancements have also transformed OSINT from a collection mechanism into an instrument of influence within the intelligence theory. As a result, OSINT today is not only a discipline of collection but has also become means of shaping narratives, perceptions, and strategic influence from an intersubjective perspective. To empirically validate this hypothesis, the study adopts a qualitative research design and conducts a case study analysis of the Russian Federation's (RF) OSINT activities during the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.", "bookTitle": "Security, Law, and Influence in the Age of Techno-Politics", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2026-10-01", "publisher": "IGI Global Scientific Publishing", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "69-86", "ISBN": "979-8-3373-7406-2", "DOI": "10.4018/979-8-3373-7406-2.ch003", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/osint-in-the-techno-political-era/www.igi-global.com/chapter/osint-in-the-techno-political-era/391729", "accessDate": "2025-10-18T20:59:38Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "OSINT in the Techno-Political Era", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.igi-global.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Access limited to members", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "LXMU5UXP" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-18T20:59:38Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-18T21:00:19Z" } }, { "key": "VRRAVR3B", "version": 28549, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence Studies Database", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2514686/items/VRRAVR3B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VRRAVR3B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5900238, "username": "yusuf_ozkan", "name": "Yusuf Ozkan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yusuf_ozkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Willasey-Wilsey", "parsedDate": "2025", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "VRRAVR3B", "version": 28549, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Spy and the Devil: The untold story of the MI6 agent who penetrated Hitler’s inner circle", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tim", "lastName": "Willasey-Wilsey" } ], "abstractNote": "This is the forgotten tale of MI6's top spy in Nazi Germany and his bid to stop the Second World War. In the world of espionage, where the accounts of renowned spies often dominate the narrative, this is a rare gem - an untold story of a completely unknown spy. Baron William de Ropp, a Baltic German aristocrat, wasn't just any ordinary spy; he was MI6's top-secret agent in Nazi Germany from 1931 to 1939, managing to escape Berlin just before war broke out. This unsung hero had direct access to Adolf Hitler and an inside track on the Nazi regime. His reports, shrouded in secrecy, had the power to shape British policy toward Germany in a pivotal period of history. The Spy and the Devil is a riveting tale of espionage, intrigue, and the untold impact of one man's secret mission on the course of history. A journey into the shadows of Nazi Germany, where a forgotten British spy worked tirelessly to avert catastrophe, and discover the secrets that history almost left behind.Although aspects of de Ropp's activities appear in other books, notably the authorised history of MI6, his story has never been published in full before, adding an extra dimension to what is, by any standard, the account of a very remarkable man. Drawing on his years of service in the Foreign Office, Tim Willasey-Wilsey offers an insider's view of this enigmatic British spy.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2025", "publisher": "Blink Publishing", "place": "London", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "512", "ISBN": "978-1-78946-869-4", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.bonnierbooks.co.uk/books/blink-publishing/the-spy-and-the-devil/", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Spy and the Devil", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "SCCGXHMZ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-05-08T15:18:01Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-17T14:11:28Z" } }, { "key": "Y43S353Z", "version": 28545, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence 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"websiteType": "", "date": "2025-06-16", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://kcsi.uk/kcsi-insights/canadas-year-of-intelligence-2023-part-1", "accessDate": "2025-10-17T14:09:08Z", "ISSN": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en-GB", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "AZ3BZ9BR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-17T14:09:08Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-17T14:09:23Z" } }, { "key": "2TWHJD53", "version": 28542, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2514686, "name": "IntelArchive Intelligence Studies Database", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2514686/items/2TWHJD53", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2TWHJD53", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5900238, "username": 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This article highlights the importance of counterintelligence training and robust security measures while analyzing the psychological manipulation tactics employed by adversaries to lower these risks. The article examines social engineering strategies such as scarcity, authority, reciprocity, fear, and trust qualitatively to emphasize the significance of behavioral defenses and organizational awareness. The methodology, which evaluates institutional responses and psychological exploitation strategies, incorporates a review of the literature and expert comments. 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