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"title": "Management of the hemiplegic shoulder complex",
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"firstName": "Christine",
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"abstractNote": "Hemiplegia in the upper limb and shoulder complex is a common secondary impairment resulting from a cerebrovascular event; evidence-based intervention is required for effective treatment. Prior to addressing shoulder movement, biomechanical alignment of the pelvis and trunk must first be assessed. Extreme care must be taken when completing passive range of motion with the hemiplegic shoulder; motion should not exceed beyond 90° of shoulder flexion and abduction without scapular upward rotation and humeral head external rotation. It is recommended that the use of slings with upper limb hemiplegia be limited. A subluxation of the shoulder can be treated with surface neuromuscular electrical stimulation if the recommended protocol of 6 hours daily, 5 days a week, for 6 weeks is utilized. Taping/strapping for a subluxation has conflicting evidence for reducing the development of hemiplegic shoulder pain, and it does not improve upper limb function or range of motion.",
"publicationTitle": "Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation",
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"title": "Gene therapy strategies for the treatment of spinal cord injury",
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"creatorType": "author",
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"lastName": "Guerrero"
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"firstName": "Wagih El",
"lastName": "Masri"
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"abstractNote": "Spinal cord injury is a complex pathology often resulting in functional impairment and paralysis. Gene therapy has emerged as a possible solution to the problems of limited neural tissue regeneration through the administration of factors promoting axonal growth, while also offering long-term local delivery of therapeutic molecules at the injury site. Of note, gene therapy is our response to the requirements of neural and glial cells following spinal cord injury, providing, in a time-dependent manner, growth substances for axonal regeneration and eliminating axonal growth inhibitors. Herein, we explore different gene therapy strategies, including targeting gene expression to modulate the presence of neurotrophic growth or survival factors and increase neural tissue plasticity. Special attention is given to describing advances in viral and non-viral gene delivery systems, as well as the available routes of gene delivery. Finally, we discuss the future of combinatorial gene therapies and give consideration to the implementation of gene therapy in humans.",
"publicationTitle": "Therapeutic Delivery",
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"date": "May 2014",
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"pages": "591-607",
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"journalAbbreviation": "Ther Deliv",
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"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24998276",
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"title": "Sex Differences in Theory-Based Predictors of Leisure Time Physical Activity in a Population-based Sample of Adults with Spinal Cord Injury",
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Jessie N",
"lastName": "Stapleton"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Kathleen A",
"lastName": "Martin Ginis"
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"abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE: To examine sex-differences in theory-based predictors of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) among men and women with spinal cord injury. Men were expected to have stronger, more positive social cognitions for LTPA than women. The secondary purpose was to identify factors that might explain any sex differences in social cognitions.\nDESIGN: This is a secondary analysis of SHAPE-SCI survey data (Martin Ginis et al., 2008).\nSETTING: Community (Ontario, Canada).\nPARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling men (n = 536) and women (n =165) recruited from four rehabilitation and research centers across Ontario.\nINTERVENTIONS: None MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjective norms, attitudes, barrier self-efficacy (SE), perceived controllability (PC), and intentions.\nRESULTS: Men had stronger PC and barrier SE than women. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that social support significantly predicted PC for both sexes, and health, pain and physical independence also significantly predicted PC for men. Social support, health, and pain significantly predicted barrier SE for men. Social support was the only significant predictor of barrier SE for women.\nCONCLUSIONS: Women felt significantly less control over their physical activity behavior and had lower confidence to overcome barriers to physical activity than men. Although social support predicted PC and barrier SE in both men and women, men seemed to take additional factors into consideration when formulating their control beliefs for LTPA.",
"publicationTitle": "Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation",
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"date": "Apr 10, 2014",
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"journalAbbreviation": "Arch Phys Med Rehabil",
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"title": "Physical therapy after spinal cord injury: A systematic review of treatments focused on participation",
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Natàlia",
"lastName": "Gómara-Toldrà"
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"lastName": "Sliwinski"
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Marcel P",
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],
"abstractNote": "Context Over the last four decades, the focus of spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation has shifted from medical management to issues that affect quality of life and community participation. Physical therapists (PTs) need to design and implement interventions that result in maximal participation to provide an individual with SCI an effective rehabilitation program. Objective The aim of this review is to assess the extent, content, and outcomes of physical therapy (PT) interventions focused on improving the participation of individuals with SCI. Methods A search was conducted in Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PEDro, and PsycINFO. We included studies, of all designs, focused on improving the participation of individuals with SCI using PT interventions.The primary author and a reviewer independently selected articles for inclusion, assessed articles quality, and extracted the data. Results Five studies met the inclusion criteria. The interventions applied were 9- and 12-month body weight-supported treadmill training in two studies, a supervised 9-month exercise program, a 12-week home exercise program, and a 10-week multidisciplinary cognitive behavioral program for coping with chronic neuropathic pain. Four of five PT interventions positively impacted the individual's perceived participation and satisfaction with participation. Conclusion The body of research by PTs on interventions to improve participation is limited. PTs must document the effects of interventions with a valid outcome tool to enable more research that examines participation. Expanding participation research will allow PTs to meet the needs of individuals with SCI and identify what interventions best facilitate integration into the community.",
"publicationTitle": "The journal of spinal cord medicine",
"publisher": "",
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"date": "Jan 21, 2014",
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"journalAbbreviation": "J Spinal Cord Med",
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"shortTitle": "Physical therapy after spinal cord injury",
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"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Analysis of the Factors Influencing Functional Outcomes in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury",
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Sasa",
"lastName": "Milicevic"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Vladimir",
"lastName": "Piscevic"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Zoran",
"lastName": "Bukumiric"
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"creatorType": "author",
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"lastName": "Karadzov Nikolic"
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"lastName": "Sekulic"
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"abstractNote": "[Purpose] The extent of functional independence ultimately achieved by an individual patient will be influenced by a variety of medical and non-medical factors. [Subjects and Methods] this study included 419 patients with spinal cord lesions treated in the Clinic for Rehabilitation “Dr M. Zotovic”, Belgrade, Serbia, from January 2000 to December 2009. The patients were divided in two groups according to achievement of increase in Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score of more than 13 at discharge compared to admission. A variety of clinical variables were followed in both groups. [Results] one hundred twenty-one patients (28.9%) showed improvements in FIM score of ≤13, while 298 (71.1%) patients showed an increases in FIM score of >13 at discharge compared to admission. Better functional recovery was observed in patients with non-traumatic spinal cord lesions, lower neurological levels of the lesion (OR = 6.07), and in patients treated surgically, but the level of the spinal cord lesion was the most influential factor affecting outcome. [Conclusion] the patients with spinal cord lesions should not only be grouped by traumatic and non-traumatic lesions only, but also sub-categorized, according to the etiology, level of injury and treatment method.",
"publicationTitle": "Journal of Physical Therapy Science",
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"abstractNote": "In the last century, research in the field of spinal cord trauma has brought insightful knowledge which has led to a detailed understanding of mechanisms that are involved in injury- and recovery-related processes. The quest for a cure for the yet generally incurable condition as well as the exponential rise in gained information has brought about the development of numerous treatment approaches while at the same time the abundance of data has become quite unmanageable. Owing to an enormous amount of preclinical therapeutic approaches, this report highlights important trends rather than specific treatment strategies. We focus on current advances in the treatment of spinal cord injury and want to further draw attention to arising problems in spinal cord injury (SCI) research and discuss possible solutions.",
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"abstractNote": "Introduction: Neurogenic bladder is one of the most common complications following spinal cord injury (SCI). In China, acupuncture therapy is a common treatment for neurogenic bladder due to SCI, but its effects and safety remain uncertain. A protocol is described for a systematic review to investigate the beneficial effects and safety of acupuncture for neurogenic bladder due to SCI. Methods and analysis: Eight databases will be searched from their inception: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the VIP database, the Wanfang database, the China Doctoral Dissertations Full-text Database (CDFD) and the China Master's Theses Full-text Database (CMFD). Any clinical randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and the first period of randomised cross-over studies related to acupuncture for neurogenic bladder due to SCI will be included. Outcomes will include change in urinary symptoms, urodynamic tests, clinical assessment and quality of life (QoL). The incidence of adverse events will be assessed as the safety outcome. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment will be performed independently by two reviewers. Assessment of risk of bias, data synthesis and subgroup analysis will be carried out using Review Manager software. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval is not required as this is a protocol for a systematic review. The findings of this systematic review will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Trial registration number: PROSPERO (CRD42014010448).",
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"title": "Transplantation of neurotrophin-3-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for the repair of spinal cord injury.",
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"lastName": "Dong Y.Z."
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"lastName": "Yang L."
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"lastName": "Zhao H.X."
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "",
"lastName": "Zhang C."
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "",
"lastName": "Wu D.P."
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"abstractNote": "Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation has been shown to be therapeutic in the repair of spinal cord injury. However, the low survival rate of transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vivo remains a problem. Neurotrophin-3 promotes motor neuron survival and it is hypothesized that its transfection can enhance the therapeutic effect. We show that in vitro transfection of neurotrophin-3 gene increases the number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the region of spinal cord injury. These results indicate that neurotrophin-3 can promote the survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into the region of spinal cord injury and potentially enhance the therapeutic effect in the repair of spinal cord injury.",
"publicationTitle": "Neural Regeneration Research",
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"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Effect and reporting bias of RhoR/ROCK-blockade intervention on locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Ralf",
"lastName": "Watzlawick"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Emily",
"lastName": "Sena"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Ulrich",
"lastName": "Dirnagl"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Benedikt",
"lastName": "Brommer"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Marcel",
"lastName": "Kopp"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Malcolm",
"lastName": "Macleod"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "David",
"lastName": "Howells"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Jan",
"lastName": "Schwab"
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],
"abstractNote": "Importance: Blockade of small GTPase-RhoA signaling pathway is considered a candidate translational strategy to improve functional outcome after spinal cord injury (SCI) in humans. Pooling preclinical evidence by orthodox meta-analysis is confounded by missing data (publication bias). Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of RhoA/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) blocking approaches to (1) analyze the impact of bias that may lead to inflated effect sizes and (2) determine the normalized effect size of functional locomotor recovery after experimental thoracic SCI. Evidence Review: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science and hand searched related references. Studies were selected if they reported the effect of RhoA/ROCK inhibitors (C3-exoenzmye, fasudil, Y-27632, ibuprofen, siRhoA, and p21) in experimental spinal cord hemisection, contusion, or transection on locomotor recovery measured by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan score or the Basso Mouse Scale for Locomotion. Two investigators independently assessed the identified studies. Details of individual study characteristics from each publication were extracted and effect sizes pooled using a random effects model. We assessed risk for bias using a 9-point-item quality checklist and calculated publication bias with Egger regression and the trim and fill method. A stratified meta-analysis was used to assess the impact of study characteristics on locomotor recovery. Findings: Thirty studies (725 animals) were identified. RhoA/ROCK inhibition was found to improve locomotor outcome by 21% (95% CI, 16.0-26.6). Assessment of publication bias by the trim and fill method suggested that 30% of experiments remain unpublished. Inclusion of these theoretical missing studies suggested a 27% overestimation of efficacy, reducing the overall efficacy to a 15% improvement in locomotor recovery. Low study quality was associated with larger estimates of neurobehavioral outcome. Conclusions and Relevance: Taking into account publication bias, RhoA/ROCK inhibition improves functional outcome in experimental SCI by 15%. This is a plausible strategy for the pharmacological augmentation of neurorehabilitation after human SCI. These findings support the necessity of a systematic analysis to identify preclinical bias before embarking on a clinical trial. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).",
"publicationTitle": "JAMA Neurology",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "2014",
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"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "A systematic review of the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, back and low back pain in people with spinal cord injury. [References].",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Christina",
"lastName": "Michailidou"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Louise",
"lastName": "Marston"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Lorraine",
"lastName": "De Souza"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Ian",
"lastName": "Sutherland"
}
],
"abstractNote": "Abstract Purpose: To review and summarise the prevalence of chronic back pain (CBP), chronic low back pain (CLBP) and chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMSKP) in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and evaluate how pain is assessed. Method: A systematic literature review between 1990 and 2012 in English language journals. Twelve databases were searched including CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed and Science direct. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four reported on CMSKP, four on CBP and only two on CLBP. Among people with SCI and pain, the prevalence of CMSKP was 49% (95% CI: 44-55%), CBP was 47% (95% CI: 43-50%) and CLBP was 49% (95% CI: 44-55%). There were variations in both the pain classification systems used and the data collected. The type of pain reported in the back and low back areas could not be established due to insufficient evidence. Conclusion: The main finding is that the prevalence of CMSKP, and more particularly CBP and CLBP are not sufficiently reported in SCI literature.Implications for RehabilitationThere is sufficient evidence, though modest in quality and quantity, to indicate that chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMSKP), back pain (CBP) and low back pain (CLBP) are common in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). This deserves consideration by health professionals treating such patients.Pain assessment, including BP and LBP, for people with SCI should become part of the overall clinical assessment and it is preferable that standardised pain assessment tools are used.Where people with SCI suffer from CMSKP, and particularly CBP and CLBP, further consideration should be made, likely to include posture, strengthening and seating as is referral for pain medication. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).",
"publicationTitle": "Disability and Rehabilitation: An International, Multidisciplinary Journal",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "2014",
"volume": "36",
"issue": "9",
"section": "",
"partNumber": "",
"partTitle": "",
"pages": "705-715",
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"DOI": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2013.808708",
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"parsedDate": "2013-06",
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"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Comparison of the passive dynamics of walking on ground, tied-belt and split-belt treadmills, and via the Gait Enhancing Mobile Shoe (GEMS)",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Ismet",
"lastName": "Handzić"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Kyle B.",
"lastName": "Reed"
}
],
"abstractNote": "This research compares walking over ground, on a split-belt treadmill, on a tied-belt treadmill, and on the Gait Enhancing Mobile Shoe (GEMS) in both humans and simulated on a passive dynamic model. Passive Dynamic Walkers (PDW) have been researched for decades, yet only recently has the model been used significantly in gait rehabilitation. We aim to identify how well the two-dimensional PDW can be used as a kinematic approximation tool for gait analysis. In this work, the PDW was scaled according to an anthropomorphic human model. For comparison, measurements were taken of humans walking in the same four environments. For normal walking, the PDW was found to be a good approximation for symmetric and rhythmic hip position, foot position, and velocity profiles. Tied-belt and split-belt treadmill model estimations revealed that the PDW's lack of dorsiflexion, joint stiffness, and joint damping limited the comparison, however trends between the human and the model agreed. The kinematics of the GEMS showed good agreement in interlimb interactions indicating that the PDW can be used as a good kinematic predictor for the GEMS.",
"publicationTitle": "IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics: [proceedings]",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "Jun 2013",
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"pages": "6650509",
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"journalAbbreviation": "IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot",
"DOI": "10.1109/ICORR.2013.6650509",
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"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24187324",
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"version": 222,
"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Does regular standing improve bowel function in people with spinal cord injury? A randomised crossover trial",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "S.",
"lastName": "Kwok"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "L.",
"lastName": "Harvey"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "J.",
"lastName": "Glinsky"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "J. L.",
"lastName": "Bowden"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "M.",
"lastName": "Coggrave"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "D.",
"lastName": "Tussler"
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],
"abstractNote": "Study Design:A randomised crossover trial.Objectives:To determine the effects of a 6-week standing programme on bowel function in people with spinal cord injury.Setting:Community, Australia and the United Kingdom.Methods:Twenty community-dwelling people with motor complete spinal cord injury above T8 participated in a 16-week trial. The trial consisted of a 6-week stand phase and a 6-week no-stand phase separated by a 4-week washout period. Participants were randomised to one of two treatment sequences. Participants allocated to the Treatment First group stood on a tilt table for 30 min per session, five times per week for 6 weeks and then did not stand for the next 10 weeks. Participants allocated to the Control First group did the opposite: they did not stand for 10 weeks and then stood for 6 weeks. Participants in both groups received routine bowel care throughout the 16-week trial. Assessments occurred at weeks 0, 7, 10 and 17 corresponding with pre and post stand and no-stand phases. The primary outcome was Time to First Stool. There were seven secondary outcomes reflecting other aspects of bowel function and spasticity.Results:There were three dropouts leaving complete data sets on 17 participants. The mean (95% confidence interval) between-intervention difference for Time to First Stool was 0 min (-7 to 7) indicating no effect of regular standing on Time to First Stool.Conclusion:Regular standing does not reduce Time to First Stool. Further trials are required to test the veracity of some commonly held assumptions about the benefits of regular standing for bowel function.Spinal Cord advance online publication, 4 November 2014; doi:10.1038/sc.2014.189.",
"publicationTitle": "Spinal Cord",
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"shortTitle": "Does regular standing improve bowel function in people with spinal cord injury?",
"language": "ENG",
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"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Neural stem cells in the adult spinal cord",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Hanna",
"lastName": "Sabelström"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Moa",
"lastName": "Stenudd"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Jonas",
"lastName": "Frisén"
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],
"abstractNote": "Spinal cord injury results in cell loss, disruption of neural circuitry and chronic functional impairment. Several different cell types generate progeny in response to injury, which participate in scar formation and remyelination. Work over the last few years has identified neural stem cells and delineated the stem cell potential of different cell populations in the adult spinal cord under homeostasis and in response to injury. Neural stem cell properties are contained within the ependymal cell population, and these cells generate the majority of new astrocytes forming the glial scar. Oligodendrocyte progenitors give rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes in the intact spinal cord. They also generate the majority of remyelinating oligodendrocytes after spinal cord injury, with a minor contribution by ependymal cells. The fibrotic component of the scar tissue is generated by a subtype of pericytes. A better understanding of the regulation and precise function of different cells in the response to injury may aid in the development of regenerative strategies.",
"publicationTitle": "Experimental Neurology",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "Oct 2014",
"volume": "260",
"issue": "",
"section": "",
"partNumber": "",
"partTitle": "",
"pages": "44-49",
"series": "",
"seriesTitle": "",
"seriesText": "",
"journalAbbreviation": "Exp. Neurol.",
"DOI": "10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.01.026",
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"creatorSummary": "Coskun Benlidayi and Basaran",
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"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Hemiplegic shoulder pain: a common clinical consequence of stroke",
"creators": [
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Ilke",
"lastName": "Coskun Benlidayi"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Sibel",
"lastName": "Basaran"
}
],
"abstractNote": "Hemiplegic shoulder pain is common in stroke survivors, developing in up to 54% of patients. The underlying mechanisms include soft tissue lesions, impaired motor function and central nervous system-related phenomena. Hemiplegic shoulder pain has many underlying causes and is challenging to manage, requiring a team approach, including physicians, therapists and caregivers. The management strategy must target the underlying causes. Preventative measures, such as positioning and handling, can reduce the risk of developing hemiplegic shoulder pain. We have reviewed the literature on hemiplegic shoulder pain, and used this to categorise the underlying mechanisms, and to explore the best management strategies.",
"publicationTitle": "Practical Neurology",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "Apr 2014",
"volume": "14",
"issue": "2",
"section": "",
"partNumber": "",
"partTitle": "",
"pages": "88-91",
"series": "",
"seriesTitle": "",
"seriesText": "",
"journalAbbreviation": "Pract Neurol",
"DOI": "10.1136/practneurol-2013-000606",
"citationKey": "",
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23940374",
"accessDate": "",
"PMID": "",
"PMCID": "",
"ISSN": "1474-7766",
"archive": "",
"archiveLocation": "",
"shortTitle": "Hemiplegic shoulder pain",
"language": "eng",
"libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed",
"callNumber": "",
"rights": "",
"extra": "PMID: 23940374",
"tags": [
{
"tag": "Hemiplegia",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Humans",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Shoulder Pain",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Stroke",
"type": 1
}
],
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"parsedDate": "2014-03",
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"version": 220,
"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Torticollis as a first sign of posterior fossa and cervical spinal cord tumors in children",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Alicja",
"lastName": "Fąfara-Leś"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Stanisław",
"lastName": "Kwiatkowski"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Laura",
"lastName": "Maryńczak"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Zdzisław",
"lastName": "Kawecki"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Dariusz",
"lastName": "Adamek"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Izabela",
"lastName": "Herman-Sucharska"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Krzysztof",
"lastName": "Kobylarz"
}
],
"abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Torticollis, despite being well-known neurological manifestation, is often underestimated as a first symptom of the abnormalities of posterior cranial cavity and cervical spinal cord.\nOBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to analyze the occurrence of acquired torticollis in children as a herald sign of the tumors of the cervical spinal cord or of the posterior fossa.\nMETHODS: Clinical records of 54 cases treated for the tumor of the cervical spinal cord or posterior fossa (including congenital ones) were retrospectively reviewed. The following data were calculated: the occurrence of the torticollis as a first sign of tumors, the duration time from the onset of the symptoms to diagnosis, the concurrence of other pathological symptoms, and the diminishing of symptoms of the torticollis following treatment.\nRESULTS: In 12/54 (22.2 %) torticollis was first sign of central nervous system tumor and in all of them preceded other neurological symptoms. The time from the onset of torticollis to establishing diagnosis ranged from 2 to 52 weeks (9.6 weeks on average). Eleven of twelve patients were treated surgically--in 10 of them, torticollis disappeared in the postoperative course.\nCONCLUSIONS: Torticollis may be a herald sign of the tumor of the cervical spinal cord or the posterior fossa. Those pathologies should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the torticollis, particularly if accompanied by other symptoms of the focal pathology of central nervous system. Awareness of this fact may shorten the time to establish the proper diagnosis. Torticollis necessitates exclusion of the posterior fossa and spinal cord tumor.",
"publicationTitle": "Child's Nervous System: ChNS: Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "Mar 2014",
"volume": "30",
"issue": "3",
"section": "",
"partNumber": "",
"partTitle": "",
"pages": "425-430",
"series": "",
"seriesTitle": "",
"seriesText": "",
"journalAbbreviation": "Childs Nerv Syst",
"DOI": "10.1007/s00381-013-2255-9",
"citationKey": "",
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23955178",
"accessDate": "",
"PMID": "",
"PMCID": "",
"ISSN": "1433-0350",
"archive": "",
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"language": "eng",
"libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed",
"callNumber": "",
"rights": "",
"extra": "PMID: 23955178",
"tags": [
{
"tag": "Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Child",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Child, Preschool",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Female",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Functional Laterality",
"type": 1
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{
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"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Infant",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Infratentorial Neoplasms",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Male",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Neurosurgical Procedures",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Spinal Cord Neoplasms",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Torticollis",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Treatment Outcome",
"type": 1
}
],
"collections": [
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"relations": {},
"dateAdded": "2014-11-05T19:42:19Z",
"dateModified": "2014-11-05T19:42:28Z"
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"parsedDate": "2014-02",
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"version": 219,
"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "The effect of arm position and bed adjustment on comfort and pressure under the shoulders in people with tetraplegia: a randomized cross-over study",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "A. M.",
"lastName": "Raab"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "L. A.",
"lastName": "Harvey"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "M.",
"lastName": "Baumberger"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "A.",
"lastName": "Frotzler"
}
],
"abstractNote": "STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, within-in participant cross-over study.\nOBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on comfort and pressure of lying with the shoulders and bed in different positions for people with tetraplegia.\nSETTING: Rehabilitation hospital.\nMETHODS: Twenty people with tetraplegia were tested lying supine with the shoulders and bed in seven different positions. The positions used a combination of three arm and two bed positions. Six of the positions reflected what is commonly recommended in acute spinal cord injury units including a crucifix-type position. The seventh position was selected by participants and reflected their preferred sleeping position. There were five outcomes: general comfort, shoulder comfort, participant choice of preferred position, peak pressure under the shoulders and areal pressure under the shoulders. Pressure was measured using a pressure mapping system and comfort using a visual analogue scale (VAS).\nRESULTS: The participants reported significantly higher (P<0.01) general comfort and shoulder comfort in their self-selected position compared with all other positions. There was no statistical difference in peak pressure (P=0.15) or areal pressure (P=0.08) under the shoulders between the seven positions. Most participants indicated that they preferred to lie with their shoulders adducted and internally rotated and the hands either by their sides or on their stomachs.\nCONCLUSION: The position of the shoulders has little effect on pressure but a notable effect on comfort. Participants preferred to sleep with their arms beside their bodies, not with their arms in a crucifix position as commonly advocated.",
"publicationTitle": "Spinal Cord",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "Feb 2014",
"volume": "52",
"issue": "2",
"section": "",
"partNumber": "",
"partTitle": "",
"pages": "152-156",
"series": "",
"seriesTitle": "",
"seriesText": "",
"journalAbbreviation": "Spinal Cord",
"DOI": "10.1038/sc.2013.150",
"citationKey": "",
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24322216",
"accessDate": "",
"PMID": "",
"PMCID": "",
"ISSN": "1476-5624",
"archive": "",
"archiveLocation": "",
"shortTitle": "The effect of arm position and bed adjustment on comfort and pressure under the shoulders in people with tetraplegia",
"language": "eng",
"libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed",
"callNumber": "",
"rights": "",
"extra": "PMID: 24322216",
"tags": [
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"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Arm",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Beds",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Cross-Over Studies",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Female",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Hospitals",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Humans",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Male",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Pain",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Pain Measurement",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Patient Preference",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Posture",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Pressure",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Quadriplegia",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Rehabilitation Centers",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Shoulder",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Sleep",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Young Adult",
"type": 1
}
],
"collections": [
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"relations": {},
"dateAdded": "2014-11-05T19:41:41Z",
"dateModified": "2014-11-05T19:41:48Z"
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"creatorSummary": "Medalha et al.",
"parsedDate": "2014-05",
"numChildren": 0
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"data": {
"key": "UJJRTUGB",
"version": 219,
"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Transplanting neural progenitors into a complete transection model of spinal cord injury",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Carla Christina",
"lastName": "Medalha"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Ying",
"lastName": "Jin"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Takaya",
"lastName": "Yamagami"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Christopher",
"lastName": "Haas"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Itzhak",
"lastName": "Fischer"
}
],
"abstractNote": "Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI) because of the potential for cell replacement and restoration of connectivity. Our previous studies have shown that transplants of NPC, composed of neuron- and glia-restricted progenitors derived from the embryonic spinal cord, survived well in partial lesion models and generated graft-derived neurons, which could be used to form a functional relay. We have now examined the properties of a similar NPC transplant using a complete transection model in juvenile and adult rats. We found poor survival of grafted cells despite using a variety of lesion methods, matrices, and delays of transplantation. If, instead of cultured progenitor cells, the transplants were composed of segmental or dissociated segments of fetal spinal cord (FSC) derived from similar-staged embryos, grafted cells survived and integrated well with host tissue in juvenile and adult rats. FSC transplants differentiated into neurons and glial cells, including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Graft-derived neurons expressed glutaminergic and GABAergic markers. Grafted cells also migrated and extended processes into host tissue. Analysis of axon growth from the host spinal cord showed serotonin-positive fibers and biotinylated dextran amine-traced propriospinal axons growing into the transplants. These results suggest that in treating severe SCI, such as complete transection, NPC grafting faces major challenges related to cell survival and formation of a functional relay. Lessons learned from the efficacy of FSC transplants could be used to develop a therapeutic strategy based on neural progenitor cells for severe SCI.",
"publicationTitle": "Journal of Neuroscience Research",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "May 2014",
"volume": "92",
"issue": "5",
"section": "",
"partNumber": "",
"partTitle": "",
"pages": "607-618",
"series": "",
"seriesTitle": "",
"seriesText": "",
"journalAbbreviation": "J. Neurosci. Res.",
"DOI": "10.1002/jnr.23340",
"citationKey": "",
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24452691",
"accessDate": "",
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"PMCID": "",
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"language": "eng",
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"extra": "PMID: 24452691",
"tags": [
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"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Animals",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Cell Differentiation",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Cell Movement",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Cell Proliferation",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Choline O-Acetyltransferase",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Disease Models, Animal",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Embryo, Mammalian",
"type": 1
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{
"tag": "Female",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Gastrin-Releasing Peptide",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Nerve Regeneration",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Nerve Tissue Proteins",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Rats",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Rats, Inbred F344",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Rats, Transgenic",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Serotonin",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Spinal Cord Injuries",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Stem Cell Transplantation",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Stem Cells",
"type": 1
}
],
"collections": [
"5Z4GPWZ7"
],
"relations": {},
"dateAdded": "2014-11-05T19:41:25Z",
"dateModified": "2014-11-05T19:41:33Z"
}
},
{
"key": "JUQX84BX",
"version": 218,
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"creatorSummary": "Uçar et al.",
"parsedDate": "2014",
"numChildren": 0
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"data": {
"key": "JUQX84BX",
"version": 218,
"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Lokomat: a therapeutic chance for patients with chronic hemiplegia",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Demet Erdoğan",
"lastName": "Uçar"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Nurdan",
"lastName": "Paker"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Derya",
"lastName": "Buğdaycı"
}
],
"abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Treadmill training with partial body weight support has been suggested as a useful strategy for gait rehabilitation after stroke.\nOBJECTIVES: This prospective, randomized, controlled study of gait training tested the feasibility and potential efficacy of using a robotic-assisted gait device, Lokomat, for treadmill training with partial body weight support in subjects with chronic hemiplegia; the device was also compared with conventional home exercise.\nMETHODS: Twenty-two male ambulatory ischemic or hemorrhagic induced stroke patients with chronic hemiplegia lasting at least 12 months were enrolled in this prospective study. The patients were assigned to either the Lokomat group or the conventional exercise group. The Lokomat group underwent active robotic training for ten sessions (five sessions per week for two weeks). Each session lasted 30 minutes. If a patient missed three consecutive training sessions, he was removed from the study. The Timed Up and Go Test is used to assess mobility and requires both static and dynamic balance. The 10-m Timed Walking Speed Test is designed to determine the patient's overground walking speed. The Mini-Mental State Examination and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used for mental and psychological evaluation; the Functional Ambulation Categories was used to assess ambulatory status.\nRESULTS: Within each eight-week interval, the patients undergoing the Lokomat training demonstrated significantly greater improvement on the Timed Up and Go Test and 10-m Timed Walking Speed Test than those undergoing conventional training.\nCONCLUSION: Despite the small number of patients in the study, the present data suggests that the robotic-assisted device, Lokomat, provides innovative possibilities for gait training in chronic hemiplegia rehabilitation by training at higher intensity levels for longer durations than traditional home exercise.",
"publicationTitle": "NeuroRehabilitation",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "2014",
"volume": "34",
"issue": "3",
"section": "",
"partNumber": "",
"partTitle": "",
"pages": "447-453",
"series": "",
"seriesTitle": "",
"seriesText": "",
"journalAbbreviation": "NeuroRehabilitation",
"DOI": "10.3233/NRE-141054",
"citationKey": "",
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24463231",
"accessDate": "",
"PMID": "",
"PMCID": "",
"ISSN": "1878-6448",
"archive": "",
"archiveLocation": "",
"shortTitle": "Lokomat",
"language": "eng",
"libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed",
"callNumber": "",
"rights": "",
"extra": "PMID: 24463231",
"tags": [
{
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"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Chronic Disease",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Exercise Therapy",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Feasibility Studies",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Gait",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Gait Disorders, Neurologic",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Hemiplegia",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Humans",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Male",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Middle Aged",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Orthotic Devices",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Prospective Studies",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Recovery of Function",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Robotics",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Treatment Outcome",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Walking",
"type": 1
}
],
"collections": [
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"version": 216,
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"title": "Ability of walking without a walking device in patients with spinal cord injury as determined using data from functional tests",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Puttipong",
"lastName": "Poncumhak"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Jiamjit",
"lastName": "Saengsuwan"
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{
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"firstName": "Sugalya",
"lastName": "Amatachaya"
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],
"abstractNote": "BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: More than half of independent ambulatory patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) need a walking device to promote levels of independence. However, long-lasting use of a walking device may introduce negative impacts for the patients. Using a standard objective test relating to the requirement of a walking device may offer a quantitative criterion to effectively monitor levels of independence of the patients. Therefore, this study investigated (1) ability of the three functional tests, including the five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST), timed up and go test (TUGT), and 10-meter walk test (10MWT) to determine the ability of walking without a walking device, and (2) the inter-tester reliability of the tests to assess functional ability in patients with SCI.\nMETHODS: Sixty independent ambulatory patients with SCI, who walked with and without a walking device (30 subjects/group), were assessed cross-sectionally for their functional ability using the three tests. The first 20 subjects also participated in the inter-tester reliability test.\nRESULTS: The time required to complete the FTSST <14 seconds, the TUGT < 18 seconds, and the 10MWT < 6 seconds had good-to-excellent capability to determine the ability of walking without a walking device of subjects with SCI. These tests also showed excellent inter-tester reliability.\nCONCLUSIONS: Methods of clinical evaluation for walking are likely performed using qualitative observation, which makes the results difficult to compare among testers and test intervals. Findings of this study offer a quantitative target criterion or a clear level of ability that patients with SCI could possibly walk without a walking device, which would benefit monitoring process for the patients.",
"publicationTitle": "The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "Jul 2014",
"volume": "37",
"issue": "4",
"section": "",
"partNumber": "",
"partTitle": "",
"pages": "389-396",
"series": "",
"seriesTitle": "",
"seriesText": "",
"journalAbbreviation": "J Spinal Cord Med",
"DOI": "10.1179/2045772313Y.0000000160",
"citationKey": "",
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24621030",
"accessDate": "",
"PMID": "",
"PMCID": "",
"ISSN": "1079-0268",
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"shortTitle": "",
"language": "eng",
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"extra": "PMID: 24621030 \nPMCID: PMC4116722",
"tags": [
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"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Aged",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Female",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Humans",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Male",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Middle Aged",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "ROC Curve",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Reproducibility of Results",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Spinal Cord Injuries",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Time Factors",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Walkers",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Walking",
"type": 1
}
],
"collections": [
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"W4XW6PVK"
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"creatorSummary": "Backus et al.",
"parsedDate": "2014-08",
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"data": {
"key": "5CDDFXIK",
"version": 213,
"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Assisted movement with proprioceptive stimulation reduces impairment and restores function in incomplete spinal cord injury",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Deborah",
"lastName": "Backus"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Paul",
"lastName": "Cordo"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Amanda",
"lastName": "Gillott"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Casey",
"lastName": "Kandilakis"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Motomi",
"lastName": "Mori"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Ahmed M.",
"lastName": "Raslan"
}
],
"abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE: To test whether treatment with assisted movement with enhanced sensation (AMES) using vibration to the antagonist muscle would reduce impairments and restore upper limb function in people with incomplete tetraplegia.\nDESIGN: Prospective, pre-post study.\nSETTING: Laboratory and rehabilitation hospital.\nPARTICIPANTS: We recruited 15 arms from 10 individuals (8 men; mean age, 40.5 y; mean years postspinal cord injury [SCI], 3) with chronic, incomplete tetraplegia.\nINTERVENTION: Two or three 20-minute sessions per week over 9 to 13 weeks (25 sessions total) on the AMES device, which combines repeated movement with targeted vibration to the antagonist muscle.\nMAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Strength and active motion tests on the AMES device; International Standards for the Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI) motor and sensory examinations; Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS); grasp and release test (GRT); Van Lieshout Test (VLT); and Capabilities of Upper Extremity questionnaire (CUE).\nRESULTS: The AMES strength test scores improved significantly in metacarpophalangeal flexion (P=.024) and extension (P=.007) and wrist flexion (P=.001) and extension (P<.000). The AMES active motion scores improved in the hand (P=.001) and wrist (P=.001). The MAS and ISNCSCI scores remained unchanged, whereas the GRT scores increased (P=.025). Post hoc analysis showed a trend from pre- to posttreatment (P=.068) and a significant change from pretreatment to 3-month follow-up (P=.046). There was no significant change in the VLT (P=.951) or the CUE (P=.164). Five of the 10 participants reported a return of sensation to the digits after the first, second, or third treatment session.\nCONCLUSIONS: People with chronic, incomplete tetraplegia may experience improvements in impairments and function after treatment on a device combining assisted movement and proprioceptive stimulation. Further investigation is warranted.",
"publicationTitle": "Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "Aug 2014",
"volume": "95",
"issue": "8",
"section": "",
"partNumber": "",
"partTitle": "",
"pages": "1447-1453",
"series": "",
"seriesTitle": "",
"seriesText": "",
"journalAbbreviation": "Arch Phys Med Rehabil",
"DOI": "10.1016/j.apmr.2014.03.011",
"citationKey": "",
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24685386",
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},
{
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},
{
"tag": "Male",
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},
{
"tag": "Metacarpophalangeal Joint",
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},
{
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"tag": "Proprioception",
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"tag": "Quadriplegia",
"type": 1
},
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"tag": "Recovery of Function",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Sensation",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Spinal Cord Injuries",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Vibration",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Wrist",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Young Adult",
"type": 1
}
],
"collections": [
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"dateAdded": "2014-11-05T19:39:39Z",
"dateModified": "2014-11-05T19:39:49Z"
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]