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As external and internal border controls are reinvigorated to achieve this aim, the experiences of asylum seekers beyond the EU border, in designated ‘transit’ countries, necessitate further inquiry. Concepts of ‘transit’ are shaped by government accounts of ‘secondary migration’ as illegitimate, and asylum seekers as a security threat warranting containment. Based on interviews with Somali refugee women who have travelled through North Africa to reach the southern EU Member State of Malta, this article traces the impact of the securitization of migration on women’s experiences of ‘transit’. Women’s stories, historically neglected in the literature on migration, provide a lived account of securitization and the gendered ways ‘functional border sites’ operate beyond the EU, enlisting state and non-state actors in producing direct and structural violence. This article argues EU policy is blind to the lived realities of those who seek refugee protection in the EU, and urgently needs to address the structural contradictions exacerbating violence experienced by refugee women in transit.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Refugee Studies", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "09/01/2014", "volume": "27", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "338-359", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Refugee Studies", "DOI": "10.1093/jrs/fet019", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://jrs.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/3/338", "accessDate": "2015-03-04T16:54:23Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0951-6328, 1471-6925", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Gender, Securitization and Transit", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "jrs.oxfordjournals.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "border control", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "gender and irregular migration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "securitization of migration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transit", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-03-04T16:54:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-03-04T16:54:23Z" } }, { "key": "ABENZI4R", "version": 13, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 250577, "name": "LoN_2014.02.21", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lon_2014.02.21", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/250577/items/ABENZI4R", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lon_2014.02.21/items/ABENZI4R", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/250577/items/M8PZIAIB", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1510562, "username": "raforman", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/raforman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ABENZI4R", "version": 13, "parentItem": "M8PZIAIB", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2015-03-04T16:54:16Z", "url": "http://ijrl.oxfordjournals.org/content/25/3/470.full.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Firth and Mauthe - 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Nevertheless, it argues that it is time for a new approach that avoids essentialising female refugees in terms of their gender and culture, and that creates a space for a more complex dialogue between the person seeking refugee status, those representing her, and those making decisions. The argument builds on recent critiques that suggest that existing practices risk appropriating a refugee woman’s experiences in a way that subverts her self-understanding by abstracting her gender and fragmenting her identity in order to define her as a victim of persecution. The concept of personhood is used to encourage decision makers to consider a more complex construction of the realities of refugee women’s myriad experiences", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Refugee Law", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "10/01/2013", "volume": "25", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "470-501", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Int J Refugee Law", "DOI": "10.1093/ijrl/eet034", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ijrl.oxfordjournals.org/content/25/3/470", "accessDate": "2015-03-04T16:54:16Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0953-8186, 1464-3715", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ijrl.oxfordjournals.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-03-04T16:54:16Z", "dateModified": "2015-03-04T16:54:16Z" } }, { "key": "XVXPMPCE", "version": 13, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 250577, "name": "LoN_2014.02.21", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lon_2014.02.21", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/250577/items/XVXPMPCE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lon_2014.02.21/items/XVXPMPCE", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/250577/items/2C5KT9RR", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1510562, "username": "raforman", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/raforman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XVXPMPCE", "version": 13, "parentItem": "2C5KT9RR", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2015-03-04T16:52:10Z", "url": "http://bjsw.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/7/2023.full.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Vervliet et al. - 2014 - ‘That I Live, that's Because of Her’ Intersection.pdf", "md5": "0fe7d1b6af7143a48790668c05c7ce76", "mtime": 1425487933874, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-03-04T16:52:10Z", "dateModified": "2015-03-04T16:52:13Z" } }, { "key": "UWJNICUR", "version": 13, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 250577, "name": "LoN_2014.02.21", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lon_2014.02.21", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/250577/items/UWJNICUR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lon_2014.02.21/items/UWJNICUR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/250577/items/2C5KT9RR", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1510562, "username": "raforman", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/raforman", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "UWJNICUR", "version": 13, "parentItem": "2C5KT9RR", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2015-03-04T16:52:10Z", "url": "http://bjsw.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/7/2023.abstract?maxtoshow=&hits=80&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=%2522refugee+status%2522+AND+gender&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=20&sortspec=date&resourcetype=HWCIT", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "2023.html", "md5": "f5d4ebfa3ab498060b6291eadd64c95c", "mtime": 1425487930546, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-03-04T16:52:10Z", "dateModified": "2015-03-04T16:52:10Z" } }, { "key": "2C5KT9RR", "version": 11, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 250577, "name": "LoN_2014.02.21", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lon_2014.02.21", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/250577/items/2C5KT9RR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lon_2014.02.21/items/2C5KT9RR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1510562, "username": "raforman", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/raforman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Vervliet et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-10-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "2C5KT9RR", "version": 11, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "‘That I Live, that's Because of Her’: Intersectionality as Framework for Unaccompanied Refugee Mothers", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marianne", "lastName": "Vervliet" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jan De", "lastName": "Mol" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eric", "lastName": "Broekaert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ilse", "lastName": "Derluyn" } ], "abstractNote": "Unaccompanied refugee mothers—young mothers living in another country and separated from their parents—are, in research and migration policies, often defined in terms of four social categories: refugee, unaccompanied, adolescent and mother. In-depth interviews were conducted with twenty unaccompanied refugee mothers from different countries of origin and now living in Belgium to listen, first, to their feelings and experiences. These narratives revealed four central themes in the mothers' experiences (constrained and constraining daily living conditions, emotional challenges, connectedness and motherhood as a turning point), which appeared to be, in a second analysis, related to intersections between the four social categories. However, the intersectional analysis revealed large gaps between the mothers' and migration policies' interpretations of these categories: the mothers not only define the categories differently, but also set other priorities as they identify themselves first as mothers, while the policies prioritise their status as refugees. These findings, together with reflections on the value of adopting an intersectional perspective, lead to several recommendations for research, social work practices and migration policies.", "publicationTitle": "British Journal of Social Work", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "10/01/2014", "volume": "44", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2023-2041", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Br J Soc Work", "DOI": "10.1093/bjsw/bct060", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://bjsw.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/7/2023", "accessDate": "2015-03-04T16:52:10Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0045-3102, 1468-263X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "‘That I Live, that's Because of Her’", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "bjsw.oxfordjournals.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Intersectionality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "mothers", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "refugees", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "unaccompanied refugee adolescents", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-03-04T16:52:10Z", "dateModified": "2015-03-04T16:52:10Z" } }, { "key": "X2KHAFGW", "version": 13, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 250577, "name": "LoN_2014.02.21", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lon_2014.02.21", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/250577/items/X2KHAFGW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lon_2014.02.21/items/X2KHAFGW", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/250577/items/SZNCJWZS", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1510562, "username": "raforman", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/raforman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "X2KHAFGW", "version": 13, "parentItem": "SZNCJWZS", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2015-03-04T16:49:24Z", "url": "http://ijrl.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/4/716.full.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Baumeister - 2014 - Gender in Refugee Law. 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Despite the recognition within both fields of various forms of gender-based violence, international refugee law and international criminal law have both demonstrated regressive understandings of the nature and context of this type of violence. Additionally, procedural missteps and inaccurate assumptions made by decision-makers have occurred in both areas, resulting in under-prosecution and failures to convict in international criminal law and refusal of refugee status in refugee determination decisions. This article considers best practices and struggles within international refugee law and international criminal law, beginning with an exploration of commonalities in their assessment of gender-based persecution and other gendered forms of mass atrocity. The article then reflects on the challenge of gendered categories in both areas of law. Finally, it assesses evaluations of credibility and evidence in both fields. 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DOI: doi: 10.1080/01629778100000051
PB - Routledge
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