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            "note": "<p>This seems a lot like the initial study we were thinking of - having students choose which of two historical figures is more important.&nbsp;</p>",
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            "note": "<div style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.428571em;\">Dan, Y., &amp; Todd, R. (2011). Students&rsquo; perception of the historical significance in US history.&nbsp;</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Southern Social Studies Journal</em><span style=\"line-height: 1.428571em;\">,&nbsp;</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">37</em><span style=\"line-height: 1.428571em;\">(1), 20-26.</span></div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.428571em;\">&nbsp;</span></div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">\n<ul style=\"margin: 0.2857em 0px 0.714285em 2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.428571em;\">Research question: What do students perceive as significant in American history in formal education</span>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">First order = who, what, when; second order = concepts such as empathy, progress, causation change (significance)</li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Historians tend to adopt some materials as important and relevant and dismiss others (Seixas, 1994)</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Past studies:\n<ul style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0.714285em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Barton and Levstik&rsquo;s article (1998) explored middle graders&rsquo; understandings of significance in U.S. history.</p>\n</li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0.714285em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Levstik (2000) between students and teachers</p>\n</li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0.714285em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Gender and ethnicity differences of students were also&nbsp;<br clear=\"none\" />explored (Epstein, 1998, 2000, 2009; Wineburg, 2001;&nbsp;<br clear=\"none\" />Wineburg and Monte-Sano, 2008) - significant differences.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Present study:\n<ul style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">120 diverse 8th and 11th grade students</li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Listed 3 most important people and 3 events</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Results:\n<ul style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Significance was divided national (important for the country), group (their social group), or personal (based on choices or individual attributes)</li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Group significance\n<ul style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">***Girls selected women more (23.4%) than boys (7.5%) who then only chose Pocahontas and Rosa Parks.</li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Ethnics groups more likely to choose someone from their ethnicity</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Personal significance were celebrities like George Lopez, but only 2% of selection.&nbsp;</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Discussion:\n<ul style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Author asserts that students don't accept everything they learn in school because of outside influences.&nbsp;</li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Add female leaders in history, girls are sensitive to genders performance and need role models</li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Encourage own experiences - students need to connect it with their own lives</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">Conclusion:&nbsp;\n<ul style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em;\">This study could inform curriculum development</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>",
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            "abstractNote": "The purpose of this article is to investigate American students' perceptions of the historical \nsignificance of their country's history. Historical significance is a valuing criterion that both \nhistorians and students apply alike. To compose a meaningful and coherent story, historians \ntend to adopt some materials as important and relevant and dismiss others (Seixas, 1994). \nIn school environments, students structure their history understandings by assigning \nsignificance to events and figures learned in their class. The constructivist learning theory, ...",
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