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D.", "lastName": "Mara" } ], "abstractNote": "This is a bit old and we would have to get the full text from another library.\n\nLand area requirements for secondary subsurface horizontal-flow constructed wetlands (CW) and primary and secondary facultative ponds with either unaerated or aerated rock filters were determined for three levels of effluent quality: that specified in the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD) (≤25 mg filtered BOD l−1 and ≤150 mg SS l−1 for waste stabilization ponds (WSP) effluents, and ≤25 mg unfiltered BOD l−1 for CW effluents (mean values); and two common requirements of the Environment Agency: ≤40 mg BOD l−1 and ≤60 mg SS l−1, and ≤10 mg BOD l−1, ≤15 mg SS l−1 and ≤5 mg ammonia-N l−1 (95-percentile values). A secondary CW requires 60 percent more land than a secondary facultative pond to produce an UWWTD-quality effluent, 38 percent more land than a secondary facultative pond and an unaerated rock filter to produce a 40/60 effluent and, were it to be used to produce a 10/15/5 effluent, it would require ∼480 percent more land than a secondary facultative pond and an aerated rock filter. Its estimated 2005 cost is £1100-2600 p.e.−1, whereas that of a primary facultative pond and rock filter is ∼£400 p.e.−1. On the basis of land area requirements, performance and cost, facultative ponds and unaerated or aerated rock filters are to be preferred to secondary subsurface horizontal-flow constructed wetlands.", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Technology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00///", "volume": "27", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "753-757", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Environmental Technology", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Constructed Wetlands and Waste Stabilization Ponds for Small Rural Communities in the United Kingdom", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IngentaConnect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "H595ACEN" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-02-28T17:56:29Z", "dateModified": "2014-02-28T17:57:06Z" 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"creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I.C.", "lastName": "Woertz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.W.T.", "lastName": "Quinn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.R.", "lastName": "Benemann" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley", "place": "", "date": "2010", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://esd.lbl.gov/files/about/staff/nigelquinn/EBI_Algae_Biofuel_Report_2010.10.25.1616.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "H595ACEN" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-02-26T20:34:33Z", "dateModified": "2014-02-26T20:36:23Z" } }, { "key": "SUQP7DQ2", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 245650, "name": "wastewater algae", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wastewater_algae", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/245650/items/SUQP7DQ2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wastewater_algae/items/SUQP7DQ2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Park and Craggs", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SUQP7DQ2", "version": 8, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Algal production in wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds for potential biofuel use", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. B. K.", "lastName": "Park" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. J.", "lastName": "Craggs" } ], "abstractNote": "We would have to get a copy of this through interlibrary loan. Let me know if you are interested.", "publicationTitle": "Water Science & Technology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "06/2011", "volume": "63", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2403", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2166/wst.2011.200", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.iwaponline.com/wst/06310/wst063102403.htm", "accessDate": "2014-01-31T20:53:08Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0273-1223", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-01-31T20:53:08Z", "dateModified": "2014-01-31T20:53:28Z" } }, { "key": "APFF3M4F", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 245650, "name": "wastewater algae", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wastewater_algae", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/245650/items/APFF3M4F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wastewater_algae/items/APFF3M4F", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Banat et al.", "parsedDate": "1990", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "APFF3M4F", "version": 6, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Wastewater treatment and algal productivity in an integrated ponding system", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ibrahim", "lastName": "Banat" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kazmer", "lastName": "Puskas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ismail", "lastName": "Esen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Reyad", "lastName": "Al-Daher" } ], "abstractNote": "A pilot plant was constructed to investigate the use of integrated ponding systems for municipal wastewater treatment in arid regions. The main objectives of this study were to determine the wastewater treatment efficiency of this system and to investigate the algal productivity under various operational and environmental conditions.\n\nTreatment efficiency was determined in the facultative and high-rate ponds which were operated in series at various water depths, organic loadings and detention times. Control ponds with fixed parameters were also operated. The results showed the efficiency of this system in removing organic content of the municipal wastewater. Removals of up to 95% BOD, 85% COD, 90% ammonia and >99% of the pathogenic indicator microorganisms were achieved. Equations relating to algae productivity. Secchi disk measurements, suspended solids measurements and algae counts were developed. Algae productivities of 150–300 kg ha−1 day−1 were obtained under favorable conditions. Generally, high productivities were obtained at low detention times and greater pond depths in high-rate ponds, and at high organic loading within the ranges investigated.", "publicationTitle": "Biological Wastes", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1990", "volume": "32", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "265-275", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biological Wastes", "DOI": "10.1016/0269-7483(90)90058-Z", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/026974839090058Z", "accessDate": "2014-01-31T20:50:59Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0269-7483", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-01-31T20:50:59Z", "dateModified": "2014-01-31T20:50:59Z" } }, { "key": "KBVCRUGW", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 245650, "name": "wastewater algae", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wastewater_algae", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/245650/items/KBVCRUGW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wastewater_algae/items/KBVCRUGW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Park et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KBVCRUGW", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds for biofuel production", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. B. K.", "lastName": "Park" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. J.", "lastName": "Craggs" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. N.", "lastName": "Shilton" } ], "abstractNote": "While research and development of algal biofuels are currently receiving much interest and funding, they are still not commercially viable at today’s fossil fuel prices. However, a niche opportunity may exist where algae are grown as a by-product of high rate algal ponds (HRAPs) operated for wastewater treatment. In addition to significantly better economics, algal biofuel production from wastewater treatment HRAPs has a much smaller environmental footprint compared to commercial algal production HRAPs which consume freshwater and fertilisers. In this paper the critical parameters that limit algal cultivation, production and harvest are reviewed and practical options that may enhance the net harvestable algal production from wastewater treatment HRAPs including CO2 addition, species control, control of grazers and parasites and bioflocculation are discussed.", "publicationTitle": "Bioresource Technology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 2011", "volume": "102", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "35-42", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Bioresource Technology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.158", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852410011636", "accessDate": "2014-01-31T20:50:31Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-8524", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-01-31T20:50:31Z", "dateModified": "2014-01-31T20:50:31Z" } }, { "key": "I4A6X8ZM", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 245650, "name": "wastewater algae", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wastewater_algae", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/245650/items/I4A6X8ZM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wastewater_algae/items/I4A6X8ZM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Craggs et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "I4A6X8ZM", "version": 4, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Wastewater Treatment Pond Algal Production for Biofuel", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Richard", "lastName": "Gordon" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Joseph", "lastName": "Seckbach" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rupert J.", "lastName": "Craggs" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tryg", "lastName": "Lundquist" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Benemann" } ], "abstractNote": "We would have to get a copy of this through interlibrary loan. Let me know if you are interested.", "bookTitle": "The Science of Algal Fuels", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "25", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2012", "publisher": "Springer Netherlands", "place": "Dordrecht", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "425-445", "ISBN": "978-94-007-5109-5, 978-94-007-5110-1", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-5110-1_23?no-access=true", "accessDate": "2014-01-31T20:33:27Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-01-31T20:33:27Z", "dateModified": "2014-01-31T20:34:08Z" } } ]