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It is essential to account for the effect of self-absorption in that case. The variation of radial trajectory is investigated in this paper. In order to analyze the effect of self absorption of line radiation is investigated in argon plasma by observing the influence of pressure variation of gas. On comparison of the results of numerical experiment considering both aspects i.e. by including and excluding the self absorption term in Lee code an obvious deviation between the trajectories is observed. Last few fractions of seconds (200-300 ns) corroborated the slow compression phase. Results with self absorption showed the compression levels off while without self absorption radiative collapse was observed due to radiative cooling. 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"https://www.zotero.org/james.robinson", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Krompholz et al.", "parsedDate": "1980-05-26", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "CC3UTAUX", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Formation of the plasma layer in a plasma focus device", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Krompholz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W.", "lastName": "Neff" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Rühl" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "Schönbach" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Herziger" } ], "abstractNote": "Optical and probe measurements show the formation of a double layer produced by a discharge along the insulator and radial filamentary discharges.", "publicationTitle": "Physics Letters A", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 26, 1980", "volume": "77", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": 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"james.robinson", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/james.robinson", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chaisombat et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "DA35S9VT", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Determination of Plasma Electron Temperature in a Pulsed Inductively Coupled Plasma (PICP) device", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Chaisombat" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Ngamrungroj" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Tangjitsomboon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Mongkolnavin" } ], "abstractNote": "A Pulsed Inductively Coupled Plasma (PICP) device was built and it was used to generate plasma through electrical pulse discharge process. This research looks at electron temperature of Argon plasma using Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) method and comparing with a theoretical model of plasma dynamics. The experimental results show that the electron temperature of 0.6 eV up to 4.0 eV can be obtained under operating pressures of 2, 5 and 10 Pa by varying input stored energy of 1.3, 2.9 and 4.3 kJ respectively. These results correspond to the result calculated based on the dynamics model of plasma. Therefore, it shows that the model can be used to predict other operating parameters for the PICP device which could be useful in other applications such as modification of material and fusion generating reaction.", "publicationTitle": "Procedia Engineering", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "32", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "929-935", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.proeng.2012.02.034", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705812014580", "accessDate": "2012-05-05T23:41:07Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1877-7058", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Pulse Inductive Couple Plasma device", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "electron temperature of plasma", "type": 1 }, { "tag": 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measurements on pulsed DD fusion sources. It is especially well suited to moderate repetition-rate (<0.2 Hz) devices, such as the plasma focus or Z-pinch. The detector comprises a beryllium metal sheet sandwiched between two large-area xenon-filled proportional counters. A methodology for calculating the absolute response function of the detector using a “first principles” approach is described. This calibration methodology is based on the 9Be(n,α)6He cross-section, energy calibration of the proportional counters, and numerical simulations of neutron interactions and beta-particle paths using MCNP5. The response function R(En) is determined over the neutron energy range 2–4 MeV. The count rate capability of the detector has been studied and the corrections required for high neutron fluence measurements are discussed. For pulsed DD neutron fluencies >3×104 cm−2, the statistical uncertainty in the fluence measurement is better than 1%. A small plasma focus device has been employed as a pulsed neutron source to test two of these new detectors, and their responses are found to be practically identical. Also the level of interfering activation is found to be sufficiently low as to be negligible.", "publicationTitle": "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 11, 2011", "volume": "659", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "361-367", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.nima.2011.08.063", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900211017244", "accessDate": "2012-05-05T23:39:27Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0168-9002", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Fast neutron activation detector", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neutron detector", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pulsed DD fusion", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-05T23:39:27Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-05T23:39:27Z" } }, { "key": "3UNSEN79", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 24318, "name": "Focus Fusion", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/focus_fusion", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/24318/items/3UNSEN79", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/focus_fusion/items/3UNSEN79", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/24318/items/IV7AR5RG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 79414, "username": "james.robinson", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/james.robinson", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "3UNSEN79", "version": 2, "parentItem": "IV7AR5RG", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-05-05T23:38:58Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042207X11002351", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "S0042207X11002351.html", "md5": "bef428242eff875e6a5e065066687ff6", "mtime": 1336261139706, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-05T23:38:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-05T23:38:58Z" } }, { "key": "IU2C557F", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 24318, "name": "Focus Fusion", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/focus_fusion", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/24318/items/IU2C557F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/focus_fusion/items/IU2C557F", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/24318/items/IV7AR5RG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 79414, "username": "james.robinson", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/james.robinson", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IU2C557F", "version": 2, "parentItem": "IV7AR5RG", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2012-05-05T23:38:55Z", "url": "http://pdn.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MiamiImageURL&_cid=271582&_user=9102787&_pii=S0042207X11002351&_check=y&_origin=article&_zone=toolbar&_coverDate=08-Oct-2011&view=c&originContentFamily=serial&wchp=dGLzVlB-zSkWb&md5=1f4737ff09e0dff82b2ca2d79e95b541/1-s2.0-S0042207X11002351-main.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Roshani et al. - 2011 - An improved design of Faraday cup detector to redu.pdf", "md5": "619e42f482132a4d381335a13f577cba", "mtime": 1336261137874, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-05T23:38:55Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-05T23:38:57Z" } }, { "key": "IV7AR5RG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 24318, "name": "Focus Fusion", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/focus_fusion", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/24318/items/IV7AR5RG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/focus_fusion/items/IV7AR5RG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 79414, "username": "james.robinson", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/james.robinson", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Roshani et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-10-08", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "IV7AR5RG", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "An improved design of Faraday cup detector to reduce the escape of secondary electrons in plasma focus device by COMSOL", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.H.", "lastName": "Roshani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Habibi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Sohrabi" } ], "abstractNote": "Faraday cup (FC) is a beamline diagnostic which is used to measure the total charge of pulsed beams. The reliable operation of an FC depends on its ability to recapture the ejected electrons when energetic particles strike with interior cup(IC) of an FC. In this paper COMSOL multi-physics software is used to investigate the performance of two new proposed FCs. The FC with A = 40 mm and B = 98 mm had better efficiency in contrast with traditional FC geometries.", "publicationTitle": "Vacuum", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 8, 2011", "volume": "86", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "250-253", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.vacuum.2011.06.015", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042207X11002351", "accessDate": "2012-05-05T23:38:55Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0042-207X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Electric field", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Faraday cup (FC)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Plasma focus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Secondary electrons", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-05T23:38:55Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-05T23:38:55Z" } }, { "key": "ATA3JIMX", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 24318, "name": "Focus Fusion", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/focus_fusion", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/24318/items/ATA3JIMX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/focus_fusion/items/ATA3JIMX", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/24318/items/6R5FPWAH", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 79414, "username": "james.robinson", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/james.robinson", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "ATA3JIMX", "version": 2, "parentItem": "6R5FPWAH", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-05-05T23:37:51Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900210001282", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "S0168900210001282.html", "md5": "267b9e2958156b3c3b7bbcba55a0b9d4", "mtime": 1336261072518, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-05T23:37:51Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-05T23:37:51Z" } }, { "key": "6R5FPWAH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 24318, "name": "Focus Fusion", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/focus_fusion", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/24318/items/6R5FPWAH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/focus_fusion/items/6R5FPWAH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 79414, "username": "james.robinson", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/james.robinson", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Grasso et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-08-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "6R5FPWAH", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Hierarchical agglomerative sub-clustering technique for particles management in PIC simulations", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giacomo", "lastName": "Grasso" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michele", "lastName": "Frignani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Federico", "lastName": "Rocchi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marco", "lastName": "Sumini" } ], "abstractNote": "The effectiveness of Particle-In-Cell (PIC) codes lies mainly in the robustness of the methods implemented, under the fundamental assumption that a sufficient number of pseudo-particles is concerned for a correct representation of the system. The consequent drawback is the huge increase of computational time required to run a simulation, to what concerns the particles charge assignment to the grid and the motion of the former through the latter. Moreover the coupling of such methods with Monte-Carlo-Collisional (MCC) modules causes another expensive computational cost to simulate particle multiple collisions with background gas and domain boundaries.\n\nParticles management techniques are therefore often introduced in PIC-MCC codes in order to improve the distribution of pseudo-particles in the simulation domain: as a matter of facts, the aim at managing the number of samples according to the importance of the considered region is a main question for codes simulating a local phenomenon in a larger domain or a strongly collisional system (e.g.: a ionizing plasma, where the number of particles increases exponentially).\n\nA clustering procedure based on the distribution function sampling applied to the 5D phase space (2D in space, 3D in velocity) is here proposed, representing the leading criterion for particles merging and splitting procedures guaranteeing the second order charge moments conservation.\n\nApplied to the study of the electrical breakdown in the early discharge phase of a Plasma Focus device, this technique is shown to increase performances of both PIC kernel and MCC module preserving the solution of the electric field and increasing samples representativeness in stochastic calculations (with respect to more traditional merging and splitting procedures).", "publicationTitle": "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "August 1, 2010", "volume": "620", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "56-62", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.nima.2010.01.060", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900210001282", "accessDate": "2012-05-05T23:37:48Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0168-9002", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Clustering", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Merging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Particle in Cell", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Variance reduction technique", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-05T23:37:48Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-05T23:37:48Z" } } ]