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            "abstractNote": "Managing and monitoring invasive alien species (IAS) is costly, and because resources are limited, prioritization decisions are required for planning and management. We present findings on plant pest prioritization for 63 established invader species of natural and grazing ecosystems of Queensland, Australia. We used an expert elicitation approach to assess risk (species occurrence, spread, and impact) and feasibility of control for each IAS. We elicit semi-quantitative responses from diverse expert stakeholders to score IAS on three management approaches (biocontrol, chemical and mechanical) in relation to cost, effectiveness and practicality, and incorporate uncertainty in expert inputs and model outputs. In the process, we look for promising management opportunities as well as seek general trends across species' ecological groups and management methods. Stakeholders were cautiously optimistic about the feasibility of managing IAS. Taking into consideration all factors, the overall feasibility of control was uncorrelated with the stakeholders’ level of confidence. However, within individual management criterion, positive trend was observed for the same bivariate traits for chemical control, and negative trends for biocontrol and mechanical controls. Utility and confidence in IAS management options were in the order: chemical > biocontrol = mechanical, with practicality and effectiveness being the main driver components. Management feasibility differed significantly between IAS life forms but not between habitats invaded. Lastly, we combined IAS risk assessment and management feasibility scores to create a risk matrix to guide policy goals (i.e. eradication, spread containment, protection of sensitive sites, targeted control, site management, monitoring, and limited action). The matrix identifies promising species to target for each of these policy outcomes. Overall, our general approach illustrates (i) the importance of understanding the feasibility of IAS control actions and the factors that drive it, and (ii) demonstrates how quantifying management feasibility can be used to enhance traditional risk assessment rankings to improve policy outcomes. © 2019",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Environmental Management",
            "publisher": "",
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            "pages": "484-495",
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            "shortTitle": "Management feasibility of established invasive plant species in Queensland, Australia",
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            "title": "Taxonomic changes and non-native species: An overview of constraints and new challenges for macroinvertebrate-based indices calculation in river ecosystems",
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                    "firstName": "Simone",
                    "lastName": "Guareschi"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Paul J.",
                    "lastName": "Wood"
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            "abstractNote": "Freshwater ecosystems face many threats in the form of reduced water quantity, poor water quality and the loss of biodiversity. As a result, aquatic biomonitoring tools are required to enable the evaluation of these critical changes. Currently, macroinvertebrate-based indices are globally the most widely used biomonitoring tools in fluvial ecosystems. However, very little is known about the potential effects of changes in taxonomic understanding (updating of classification and nomenclature) or the presence of new non-native species for biotic indices calculation. This is especially relevant given that errors, incorrect classification or exclusion of new/updated nomenclature may affect ecological status evaluations and have direct consequences for the management and conservation of freshwater systems. In this discussion paper the main constraints, challenges and implications of these issues are outlined and case studies from a range of European countries are discussed. However, similar challenges affect rivers and managers globally and will potentially be amplified further in the future. Bioassessment science needs to be open to improvements, and current tools and protocols need to be flexible so that they can be updated and revised rapidly to allow new scientific developments to be integrated. This discussion highlights specific examples and new ideas that may contribute to the future development of aquatic biomonitoring using macroinvertebrates and other faunal and floral groups in riverine ecosystems.",
            "publicationTitle": "Science of The Total Environment",
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            "date": "April 10, 2019",
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            "pages": "40-46",
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            "shortTitle": "Taxonomic changes and non-native species",
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            "version": 87401,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Aliens in Antarctica: Assessing transfer of plant propagules by human visitors to reduce invasion risk",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Ad H. L.",
                    "lastName": "Huiskes"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Niek J. M.",
                    "lastName": "Gremmen"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Dana M.",
                    "lastName": "Bergstrom"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Yves",
                    "lastName": "Frenot"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Kevin A.",
                    "lastName": "Hughes"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Satoshi",
                    "lastName": "Imura"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Kate",
                    "lastName": "Kiefer"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Marc",
                    "lastName": "Lebouvier"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jennifer E.",
                    "lastName": "Lee"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Megumu",
                    "lastName": "Tsujimoto"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Chris",
                    "lastName": "Ware"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Bart",
                    "lastName": "Van de Vijver"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Steven L.",
                    "lastName": "Chown"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Despite considerable research on biological invasions, key areas remain poorly explored, especially ways to reduce unintentional propagule transfer. The Antarctic represents a microcosm of the situation, with the numbers of established non-native species growing. Information to help reduce potential impacts is therefore critical. We measured the propagule load of seeds, and fragments of bryophytes and lichens (the number of other plant or animal fragments was too low to draw any conclusions) carried in the clothing and gear of visitors to the Antarctic, during the 2007108 austral summer. Samples were collected from different categories of visitors associated with national research programs and tourism and different categories of clothing and gear, new as well as used. We also collected information about the timing of travel and the regions visitors had travelled to prior to Antarctic travel. Seeds were found in 20% and 45% of tourist and science visitor samples, respectively. For bryophyte and lichen fragments the proportions were 11% and 20%, respectively. Footwear, trousers and bags belonging to field scientists were the highest risk items, especially of those personnel which had previously visited protected areas, parklands/botanic gardens or alpine areas. Tourists who visited rural/agricultural areas prior to travel, and/or travel with national programs or on smaller tourist vessels had the highest probability of transferring plant propagules. Travel either during the boreal or austral autumn months increased the probability of propagule presence. Our assessment is applicable to other areas given evidence of propagule transfer patterns in those areas that are broadly similar to those documented here. The current work provides a sound evidence base for both self-regulation (e.g. taking care of personal equipment) and organization-based regulation (e.g. issuing guidelines and holding regular inspections) to reduce propagule transfer of plants to the Antarctic. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.",
            "publicationTitle": "Biological Conservation",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "MAR 2014",
            "volume": "171",
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            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "278-284",
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            "creatorSummary": "Becker et al.",
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Altitudinal distribution of alien plant species in the Swiss Alps",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Thomas",
                    "lastName": "Becker"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Hansjörg",
                    "lastName": "Dietz"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Regula",
                    "lastName": "Billeter"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Holger",
                    "lastName": "Buschmann"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Peter J.",
                    "lastName": "Edwards"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "In summer 2003 we recorded the presence and abundance of alien plant species at 232 sites (107 railway stations and 125 road sites) along mountain passes in the Swiss Alps. The altitudinal distribution of species was related to the current abundance of the species in Switzerland and time since introduction. A total of 155 alien taxa were recorded. Numbers of species per site declined exponentially with altitude, and only a few species were found in the alpine zone (>2000 m). In contrast, species richness among comparable native taxa appeared to be nearly independent of altitude over the range investigated. Maximum altitude reached by alien species was related positively to both total area occupied in Switzerland and to time since introduction. A comparison of the results with earlier records suggests that many species, particularly those previously restricted to low or intermediate altitudes, have advanced their altitudinal limits over the past few decades. Various hypotheses are presented to explain the declining abundance of alien species with altitude: low-altitude filter effects, low propagule pressure, and genetic swamping of peripheral populations at higher altitudes. However, at present we do not have sufficient evidence to determine the relative importance of these effects. We conclude that invasion into mountain areas such as the Swiss Alps tends to proceed rather slowly, though the process may be accelerated by climatic warming. For this reason, further research to investigate the processes determining how plants invade mountain areas is urgently needed. And more generally, investigations into the distribution of alien species along strong altitudinal gradients may provide valuable insights into the mechanisms driving the spread of alien organisms. © 2005 Rübel Foundation, ETH Zürich. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.",
            "publicationTitle": "Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2005",
            "volume": "7",
            "issue": "3",
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            "partNumber": "",
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            "pages": "173-183",
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            "DOI": "10.1016/j.ppees.2005.09.006",
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            "extra": "Number: 3",
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    },
    {
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        "version": 85181,
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            "version": 85181,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "The Future of the Uplands",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Mark S.",
                    "lastName": "Reed"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "A.",
                    "lastName": "Bonn"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "W.",
                    "lastName": "Slee"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "N.",
                    "lastName": "Beharry-Borg"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "J.",
                    "lastName": "Birch"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "I.",
                    "lastName": "Brown"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "T. P.",
                    "lastName": "Burt"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "D.",
                    "lastName": "Chapman"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "P. J.",
                    "lastName": "Chapman"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "G. D.",
                    "lastName": "Clay"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "S. J.",
                    "lastName": "Cornell"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "E. D G",
                    "lastName": "Fraser"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "J. H.",
                    "lastName": "Glass"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "J.",
                    "lastName": "Holden"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "J. A.",
                    "lastName": "Hodgson"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "K.",
                    "lastName": "Hubacek"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "B.",
                    "lastName": "Irvine"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "N.",
                    "lastName": "Jin"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M. J.",
                    "lastName": "Kirkby"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "W. E.",
                    "lastName": "Kunin"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "O.",
                    "lastName": "Moore"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "D.",
                    "lastName": "Moseley"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "C.",
                    "lastName": "Prell"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M. F.",
                    "lastName": "Price"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "C. H.",
                    "lastName": "Quinn"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "S.",
                    "lastName": "Redpath"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "C.",
                    "lastName": "Reid"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "S.",
                    "lastName": "Stagl"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "L. C.",
                    "lastName": "Stringer"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M.",
                    "lastName": "Termansen"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "S.",
                    "lastName": "Thorp"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "W.",
                    "lastName": "Towers"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "F.",
                    "lastName": "Worrall"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Upland areas provide UK society with many important functions, goods and services, but have experienced a number of disturbing trends and face an uncertain future. This paper Outlines historic, current and future drivers of environmental, economic, socio-cultural and policy change in UK uplands, and assesses how these have affected or are likely to affect ways in which land is used and the provision of ecosystem services. Information is synthesised into scenarios summarising a range of possible futures anticipated for UK uplands to 2060 and beyond. Finally. innovations in science, technology, governance and policy are evaluated that Could enable uplands to continue providing key ecosystem services under a range of scenarios. The paper concludes that many upland areas will need to be prepared for significant reductions in grazing and prescribed burning. Conversely, other areas Could experience agricultural intensification, for example significant increases in grazing or an expansion of arable or bioenergy crops into upland valleys, due to anticipated increases in global demand for food and energy. These scenarios will take place in the context of climate change. Many may take place together and may interact with each other, with complex and unpredictable implication!; for the upland environment, economy and society. In this context, a number of advances are needed in science. technology and policy to maintain viable upland communities and the future provision of ecosystem services. These may include funding for ecological and hydrological restoration via carbon offsetting or other means. It may also involve advances in ecosystem service modelling, mapping and valuation, which through stakeholder participation Could facilitate more integrated rural planning. New forms of environmental governance need to be explored that can empower those interested in developing upland economies to maintain thriving upland communities, while managing the ecosystem services they provide as efficiently as possible. C 2009 Queen's Printer and Controller of HMSO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
            "publicationTitle": "Land Use Policy",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2009",
            "volume": "26",
            "issue": "1",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "S204–S216",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "title": "The Importance of Parasite Geography and Spillover Effects for Global Patterns of Host-Parasite Associations in Two Invasive Species",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Konstans",
                    "lastName": "Wells"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Robert B.",
                    "lastName": "O'Hara"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Serge",
                    "lastName": "Morand"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jean-Philippe",
                    "lastName": "Lessard"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Alexis",
                    "lastName": "Ribas"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "editor",
                    "firstName": "Jacqueline",
                    "lastName": "Beggs"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Aim: Geographic spread and range expansion of species into novel environments may merge originally separated species assemblages, yet the possible drivers of geographic heterogeneity in host-parasite associations remain poorly understood. Here, we examine global patterns in the parasite assemblages of two rat species and explore the role of parasite acquisition from local pools of host species. Location: Global. Methods: We compiled a global data set of helminth parasites (n = 241 species) from two rat species (Rattus rattus species complex, R. norvegicus) and, concomitantly, from all other mammal species known to be infected by the same parasites. We used an inverse Bayesian modelling approach to explicitly link species-level to community-level infestation probabilities at different geographic scales and alleviate the shortcoming of sampling bias. Results: Patterns of species richness and turnover of parasites in the two focal rat species revealed clear biogeographic structure with lowest species richness and most distinct assemblages in Madagascar and highest species richness and least distinct assemblages in the Palaearctic region. Parasite species richness and turnover across regions were correlated for the two focal hosts, although they were associated with distinct assemblages within regions. Infection probability of a focal host with any given parasite was clearly related to infection probability of the local species pool of wildlife hosts with that same parasite. Infection probability of other mammal species infected with these parasite species, in turn, decreased with their taxonomic distance to the genus Rattus. Main conclusions: Our study demonstrates the importance of spillover of parasites from local wildlife hosts to invasive rats on global patterns of host-parasite associations. Considering both changes in local pools of host species and the global distributions of parasite and pathogen diversity in consistent model frameworks may therefore advance the forecasting of species-level infestation patterns and the possible risk of disease emergence from local to global scale. {©} 2014 John Wiley {&} Sons Ltd.",
            "publicationTitle": "Diversity and Distributions",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "April 2015",
            "volume": "21",
            "issue": "4",
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            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "477-486",
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            "DOI": "10.1111/ddi.12297",
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            "ISSN": "13669516",
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                    "tag": "Chapter 4"
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            "dateAdded": "2020-02-13T06:33:21Z",
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