Bitzer (1968) says that he wants to “establish [situation] as a controlling and fundamental concern of rhetorical theory” (p. 3). He raises what seems to be an important point about theory building in rhet/comp: what are the central concerns of theory, the elements that no theory of rhet/comp can do without? The consensus (which Bitzer acknowledges and Booth and Kinneavy outlines and diagram) is that speaker, audience, subject, and occasion should all be included. Ok, so that’s one step, comeing to agreement of what the basic elements are. Bitzer’s point is that one important element (situation) has been neglected. So there’s that issue: have other central points suffered the same fate? Then there is the accompanying step of justifying the centrality of any proposed term/concept.
\n\n
After all the terms are corralled (and this is no simple task; achieving such consensus among theorists is like herding cats), we are left to explicate the relationships among these terms. Is there a hierarchy? Are their relationships fixed or do they vary somehow?
\n\n
This makes me think of something Berlin (1982) wrote: “Language does no correspond to the ‘real world.’ It creates the ‘real world’ by organizing it, by determinie what will be perceived and not perceived, by indicating what has meaning and what is meaningless” (p. 775). Theory buidling seems to execute a similar purpose—theory dictates what a discipline pays attention to, values, discounts, teaches, builds upon, etc.
\n\n
-Matthew Allen
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-09-21T16:11:16Z", "dateModified": "2016-12-01T20:33:59Z" } }, { "key": "8STFQIXK", "version": 5266, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/8STFQIXK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/8STFQIXK", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/MQXPWNSH", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 323153, "username": "Cody Reimer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/cody_reimer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 77231, "username": "jonwallin", "name": "Jon Wallin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jonwallin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8STFQIXK", "version": 5266, "parentItem": "MQXPWNSH", "itemType": "note", "note": "Alissa was kind enough to point out a YouTube video that summarizes the rhetorical situation as argued by Bitzer and Vatz. You can find it here. Vatz, in the video, argues that Bitzer’s definition (that the exigence creates the rhetoric) leaves no responsibility to the rhetor. While Vatz contends that the rhetor needs more emphasis and therefore responsibility because s/he is at the top of the pyramid (representing the rhetorical situation), Bitzer counters by pointing out that the context encompasses the entire pyramid.
\nIn their animated disagreement, each takes a corner of the triangle and pulls, exploding the rhetorical situation which results in streams of either confetti or blood and the pronouncement that “rhetoric is everywhere.” Obviously the video is simplistic and reductive (although I did find it entertaining), but what intrigues me is the connection between “rhetoric is everywhere” and our class discussion where Pat explained that if everything is rhetoric, then rhetoric loses its importance.
\nIf knowledge is power and rhetoric creates or interprets knowledge, then varying definitions of rhetoric exert tremendous power; hence the numerous and contested definitions of rhetoric throughout its history. I am still reflecting on Pat’s question from the first day of class, “What is the English field’s domain?” Many of the readings posit their own interpretation, or at least work to shape and mold the definition of rhetoric and therefore implicitly suggest the field’s domain.
\nIn addition to the importance of defining rhetoric, the way we define other elements of our field (such as audience) will further shape our domain. Each successive reading seems to get closer and closer to agreed upon definitions that will help solidify my/our/an understanding of the field. It makes me anxious to stay on top of the reading to see the field’s shape/form/domain at present.
\nCody
\n", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-09-18T16:49:08Z", "dateModified": "2016-12-01T20:22:52Z" } }, { "key": "8XUT3ZWF", "version": 5265, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/8XUT3ZWF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/8XUT3ZWF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/SUFQDBTA", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 323282, "username": "taylo206", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/taylo206", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 323240, "username": "mcallen", "name": "Matthew C. Allen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mcallen", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8XUT3ZWF", "version": 5265, "parentItem": "SUFQDBTA", "itemType": "note", "note": "
Lloyd-Jones, Richard. “Composition Research Agenda in the 1960s and 1970s.” In Mary Rosner, Beth Boehm, and Debra Journet, Eds., History, Reflection, and Narrative: The Proefssionalization of Composition, 1963-1983. Stamford, CT: Ablex, 1999. 71-82.
\nOverall Point: Lloyd-Jones discusses the composing of Research in Written Composition (published in 1963)—which was a cornerstone text in rhet-comp. He says, “We had an immediate need to show that composition was a subject needing research” (75)… especially because there were so many useless and badly-done studies up to that point in our history (74). Braddock, one of the other authors of the book, famously said that our field was “just emerging from the age of alchemy” (75). Concluding Point: Language is social and therefore is always political. We are communicating our research well among our own field today (in the 1990s). Now we need to communicate it with people beyond rhet-comp and English.
\nLinks/Connections: In the early 1960s, President Kennedy focused a lot of his attention on math and science (i.e. man on the moon). When he died, this enthusiasm for science/math grew even stronger. This encouraged Lloyd-Jones, Braddock, and Schoer to publish their draft... though at first they were nervous to publish a book that attacked/looking-down-on so many people in the field.
\nSide Points in the Article: Lloyd-Jones talks pretty thoroughly about the National Writing Assessment and his role in creating writing prompts “dealing with one of three variable in a rhetorical situation—self, audience, information” (78). Also discusses his involvement in Students’ Right to Their Own Language (1974): “Our point in the document was that linguistic features not only represent some thing in the world, but our valuing of that thing and our associations with others who use English” (80-1).
", "tags": [ { "tag": "Lloyd-Jones, 1963, Research in Written Composition" } ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-09-01T21:59:06Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-16T17:29:35Z" } }, { "key": "SICRK2PC", "version": 5264, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/SICRK2PC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/SICRK2PC", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/UEB2MWX6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 323782, "username": "watsonam", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/watsonam", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 323240, "username": "mcallen", "name": "Matthew C. Allen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mcallen", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SICRK2PC", "version": 5264, "parentItem": "UEB2MWX6", "itemType": "note", "note": "We were asked to dsicuss the building of a compoisiton theory. I was unsure where to post this, so here it is.
\nTo refresh our memories, Kitzhaber argues for incresaed research on composition. On the sheet Pat passed out, I noticed the section \"education.\" This got me thinking...again: What must happen to make a theory out of teaching experience? And is this even possible? Kitzhaber would promote research (followed by discussion) towards a composition theory, but can teaching lore do the same? Is teaching lore just a starting point (followed my research)? Do my questions even make sense? This is sort of going into the empirical reallm that showed up on Pat's sheet.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-09-17T18:26:20Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-16T17:29:07Z" } }, { "key": "TNFVRBC7", "version": 5263, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/TNFVRBC7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/TNFVRBC7", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/KN7SBA96", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 323282, "username": "taylo206", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/taylo206", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 77231, "username": "jonwallin", "name": "Jon Wallin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jonwallin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TNFVRBC7", "version": 5263, "parentItem": "KN7SBA96", "itemType": "note", "note": "Parker, William-Riley. \"Where Do English Departments Come From?\" College English 28 (1967): 339-351.
\nOverall Point: English departments have only been around since 1860s (339); we should consider their birth as in line with Anglo-Saxon tradition of literature. *This is the last thing he wrote before he died.
\nHistorical Points:
\nTheoretical Points: Parker spends the last few pages of the article lamenting the English department’s tendency to suck up everything around it: “In sum, English departments became the catchall for the work of teachers of extremely diverse interests and training…” (348). His tone is negative about this… especially because he thinks of “composition” as both written and oral. He even asks us to include oral training in ENGL departments (350). He also wants us to bring foreign languages back into ENGL (351). Lastly, let’s study our history, folks! (351)
Problems: Parker doesn’t acknowledge the slipperiness of the term “English.” Despite the fact that he explains how all-encompassing the term has become, he doesn’t clearly define how he’ll use it in his article. For that reason, it’s slippery. Why was Parker bias? He likely wanted to justify having more courses in literature (more classes = more faculty = students). He’s working off of “the expertise model” (scientific approach to learning; requires intense study, more classes, bigger infrastructure) rather than the “generalist model” (which created a critic/appreciator student and didn’t require such intensive study). Why doesn’t Parker really acknowledge Composition, especially since Kitzhaber and Lloyd Jones published enthusiastic calls for more comp research in the early 1960s? Parker was the president of the MLA… which at that time, I guess, didn’t have strong bonds with NCTE.
\n", "tags": [ { "tag": "Parker, History" } ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-09-01T22:01:20Z", "dateModified": "2014-03-03T20:04:38Z" } }, { "key": "VBBEQSJK", "version": 5262, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/VBBEQSJK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/VBBEQSJK", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/UEB2MWX6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 323282, "username": "taylo206", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/taylo206", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 77231, "username": "jonwallin", "name": "Jon Wallin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jonwallin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VBBEQSJK", "version": 5262, "parentItem": "UEB2MWX6", "itemType": "note", "note": "
Kitzhaber, Albert R. “4C, Freshman English, and the Future.” College Composition and Communication 14.3 (1963): 129-38.
\nOverall Point: There is not enough research about writing. We need to do research, share it with each other as a field and professionalize in general. 4C is a growing group (with 3,000 people in 1963); it needs to distinguish itself from other organizations by focusing exclusively on first year composition. We need to create a national standard of content (like the sciences have already done).
\nLinks/Connections: 1963 is considered a watershed year in our field. Later this year, Lloyd-Jones et al would publish Research in Written Composition—the major overview of research done in rhet-comp (it wasn’t a pretty picture; the purpose of the project was to suggest future research needs in the field).
\nPersonal Reflections: I love this article. It was a nice read, very inspiring. Some of the research questions Kitzhaber proposes are still up for grabs today. Lastly, in this article, I see our field coming into maturity—or at least I see the leaders of field wanting that to happen really badly!
", "tags": [ { "tag": "Kitzhaber, CCC, 1963" } ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-09-01T21:57:03Z", "dateModified": "2014-02-28T18:04:47Z" } }, { "key": "VZKB2JMA", "version": 5260, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/VZKB2JMA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/VZKB2JMA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 323282, "username": "taylo206", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/taylo206", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 323240, "username": "mcallen", "name": "Matthew C. Allen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mcallen", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VZKB2JMA", "version": 5260, "itemType": "note", "note": "Booth, The Rhetorical Stance, 1963
\nBegins with an anecdote about a grad student who “could not write a decent sentence, paragraph, or paper until his rhetorical problem was solved -until, that is, he had found a definition of his audience, his argument, and his own proper tone of voice” (139).
\nRhetoric: \"Rhetoric is the art of finding and employing the most effective means of persuasion on any subject, considered independently of intellectual mastery of that subject.\" (139 in quotes)
\nOverall Aim: He aims to explain why people commonly say that rhetoric is unteachable. He points to Aristotle and Whateley to show that good overviews of rhetoric already exist (140). He suggests that rhetoric and writing must be taught in CONTEXTS where we have a PURPOSE for communicating (141). Later, he’ll claim that “unless the student discovers a desire to say something to somebody and learns to control his diction for a purpose, we've gained very little” (142). To suggest this, he coins the idea of the rhetorical stance:
\n“the rhetorical stance, a stance which depends on discovering and maintaining in any writing situation a proper balance among the three elements that are at work in any communicative effort: the available arguments about the subject itself, the interests and peculiarities of the audience, and the voice, the implied character, of the speaker” (141).
\n\n
Argument: The rhetorical stance should be our main focus as teachers (141).
\n\n
Contrasts: He defines the rhetorical stance by contrasting with these other stances:
\n1. The Pedant’s Stance: “ignoring or underplaying the personal relationship of speaker and audience” (141). *Depending entirely on subject.
\n2. The Entertainer’s Stance: “willingness to sacrifice substance to personality and charm” (144).
\n3. The Advertiser’s Stance: aim of selling (145)
\nQuestions/Problems:
\nDigital Rheotrics/Literacies Mucking the Works
\nAll the readings for this week offer different methods for dividing and classifying ideological strains within Composition (or a new paradigm with which to organize the English department in the case of Bizzell’s “Contact Zones”). These classification systems have a lot in common, though the magnitude of agreement or disagreement within the field seems to differ depending on who you sight. Fulkerson and Faigley seem to agree that there is a high degree of agreement between compositionists in locating process as a point of convergence for various pedagogical strains. On the other hand, Berlin raises a hue and cry over those within the field who haven’t chosen a camp or aren’t conscious of how their teaching practices reflect one of the four pedagogies.
\nWhile I appreciate Berlin’s no nonsense style and agree that his classification system seems the most accurate in my (limited) experience, I am curious how digital rhetorics complicates this classification system. Where does it (or do they) fit into the schema?
\n(1) Classicists/Neo-Aristotelian
\n(2) Current-traditional/Positivist
\n(3) Expressivist/ Neo-Platonist
\n(4) New Rhetoricians
\nHas (or will) digital rhetorics create a new pedagogical theory within Composition, or will technology simply be integrated into existing pedagogies? It seems that theorists are trying to establish a theoretical basis for this new pedagogy (Is this at the core of the narratology v. ludology debate?). Meanwhile, we all utilize digital technology in our classrooms, and in many cases, assign multimodal compositions to our “writing” students.
\nReturning to Berlin, considering the demand for teaching instruction to keep pace with technology, society, and the job market, and considering that most composition instructors are graduate students who’ve had far less time to develop out pedagogies much less explore and establish how classroom practices reflect our pedagogies, do comp instructors ever fit neatly into any taxonomy? Is Berlin really demanding that we do? Or, is he demanding that we always be conscious of the relationship between ideology and classroom practice and that we always be ready to critique, self-critique, and adapt?
\n\n
- Don
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-09-08T22:40:41Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-31T14:25:33Z" } }, { "key": "CQG2HH2W", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/CQG2HH2W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/CQG2HH2W", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 323657, "username": "agoudswa", "name": "Alissa Goudswaard", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/agoudswa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 323153, "username": "Cody Reimer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/cody_reimer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CQG2HH2W", "version": 1, "itemType": "note", "note": "\n
Just a short note. What you wrote fits perfectly and reflects reality well. I'm refering to the current situation of the Exponent issue and the whole disscusion going on currently about the cartoon that apperead there about rape. Agency is big, YES, but without responsibility and control of how much you can practice agency, the change will not have positive outcomes. - Mira
\n\"Without agency, how can anyone hope to bring about positive change in the world?\"
\nOn Changing the World
\n\n
\n
\n
One of the things I find most appealing about the field of rhetoric and composition is that it seems to promote the opportunity to change the world, in great or small ways. Bitzer, in “The Rhetorical Situation,” seems to support this thought. He says an exigence is rhetorical “when it is capable of positive modification and when positive modification requires discourse or can be assisted by discourse” (7). As was discussed in class, Bitzer followed in the footsteps of the classical rhetor, heeding the ethical implications of the discipline. Even his definition of “exigence”—“an imperfection marked by urgency… a defect, an obstacle, something waiting to be done, a thing which is other than it should be” (6) points toward ethical implications.
\n\n
I am a person acutely aware of things “other than [they] should be” (as are many other people), and I bring this awareness into my classroom. My cohort will begin teaching editorials this week, and that is an assignment that I think will bring into sharp focus many things that are not as they should be. Editorials (or any sort of editorial text, really) frequently serve to hold people accountable to moral law—to point out when things are not as they should be and move toward positive change. Evidence of this can be seen on the English listserve—whether or not it is the proper domain, it has become a home to a dialogue of indignation against Friday’s Exponent.
\n\n
I do agree with Ashley, though, in resisting Bitzer’s stripping of agency from the author. I may not go to far as Vatz, proclaiming that rhetors “make” salient situations, but I do think authors wield power, and that, as Vatz says, this agency “increases the rhetor’s moral responsibility” (158) As Vatz says in the video Cody graciously credited to me, “Rhetor IS as the top of the [rhetorical] pyramid.” Simply accepting context as all-important and exigence as generating rhetoric seems to leave the rhetor free of moral responsibility, which doesn’t seem to me to be a good thing.
\n\n
Composition is an academic exercise, for the students I teach, and for me as a student, but it goes beyond that. I’ll be making decisions within rhetorical situations for the rest of my life, even if I don’t ultimately remain within academe. This will all happen within a context that, some would say, leaves me with little choice, or with only the illusion of choice, but I can’t believe that I will be operating without agency or moral responsibility. Without agency, how can anyone hope to bring about positive change in the world?
", "tags": [], "collections": [ "EATFHT4F" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-09-18T19:49:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-29T16:33:54Z" } }, { "key": "5MPV4QV8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/5MPV4QV8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/5MPV4QV8", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/XKBVQE75", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 77231, "username": "jonwallin", "name": "Jon Wallin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jonwallin", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "5MPV4QV8", "version": 1, "parentItem": "XKBVQE75", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Dolphin-friendly tuna? Don't believe it - Environment - The Independent", "accessDate": "2011-10-06T13:06:15Z", "url": "http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/dolphinfriendly-tuna-dont-believe-it-419728.html", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "windows-1252", "filename": "dolphinfriendly-tuna-dont-believe-it-419728.html", "md5": null, "mtime": 1317906378570, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-06T13:06:15Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-20T12:52:34Z" } }, { "key": "JJME3RVR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/JJME3RVR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/JJME3RVR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 77231, "username": "jonwallin", "name": "Jon Wallin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jonwallin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Graff and Birkenstein", "parsedDate": "2009-12-22", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "JJME3RVR", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "They Say, I Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gerald", "lastName": "Graff" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cathy", "lastName": "Birkenstein" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "Second Edition", "date": "2009-12-22", "publisher": "W. W. Norton & Company", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "245", "ISBN": "039393361X", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "They Say, I Say", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "AUJ4RJMK" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-06T13:07:23Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-06T13:07:23Z" } }, { "key": "I5F5XM4H", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/I5F5XM4H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/I5F5XM4H", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/JJME3RVR", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 77231, "username": "jonwallin", "name": "Jon Wallin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jonwallin", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "I5F5XM4H", "version": 1, "parentItem": "JJME3RVR", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2011-10-06T13:07:23Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/dp/039393361X", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-06T13:07:23Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-06T13:07:23Z" } }, { "key": "XKBVQE75", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/XKBVQE75", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/XKBVQE75", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 77231, "username": "jonwallin", "name": "Jon Wallin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jonwallin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Marren", "parsedDate": "2006-10-12", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "XKBVQE75", "version": 1, "itemType": "newspaperArticle", "title": "Dolphin-friendly tuna? Don't believe it - Environment - The Independent", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Marren" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "The Independent", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006/10/12", "volume": "", "issue": "", "edition": "", "section": "", "pages": "", "ISSN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/dolphinfriendly-tuna-dont-believe-it-419728.html", "accessDate": "2011-10-06T13:06:14Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "AUJ4RJMK" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-06T13:06:14Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-06T13:07:17Z" } }, { "key": "BQPEEF3S", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/BQPEEF3S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/BQPEEF3S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 323657, "username": "agoudswa", "name": "Alissa Goudswaard", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/agoudswa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 323200, "username": "mbekar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mbekar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BQPEEF3S", "version": 1, "itemType": "note", "note": "\n
Construction Workers
\n\n
\n
\n
The broad scope of our handout on “building” composition theory (and what does the term “building” imply, anyway?) demonstrates, I think, the huge variety and lack of unanimity on issues of composition theory.
\n\n
In part, I like this, because it seems to mean that one can always find a niche in the discipline that can be shaped to individual preferences. I, for instance, am drawn to consideration of aesthetics, while on Thursday I heard a fascinating lecture focused on more empirical methods (and showing just how transparent disciplinary lines can and cannot be).
\n\n
I think this multiplicity is a strength of composition studies, but it does make me wonder about defining the discipline, as well as question best practices. With a plurality of approaches each with strengths and weaknesses, it is difficult to construct (ah, another building metaphor) any sort of hierarchy of methods. Or, rather, it’s not terribly difficult, but there is no agreed-upon order. This different-strokes-for-different-folks approach has postmodern appeal, but I think it complicates attempts to define composition as a discipline.
\n\n
This reflection is more a journaling of thoughts than an attempt to put forth an argument, or even a really coherent opinion. We’ve read a variety of composition scholars, all of whom have opinions, and many of whom flatly contradict each other. As a student of composition, this can be frustrating as I attempt to mentally encompass all these opinions over the course of the semester, but it’s also enlivening—without complexities, paradox, movement, the discipline would be definable, but als
", "tags": [], "collections": [ "EATFHT4F" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-09-18T19:51:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-23T04:39:37Z" } }, { "key": "FSJRI78J", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/FSJRI78J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/FSJRI78J", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/PU73UZVG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 112545, "username": "alexlayne", "name": "Alex Layne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alexlayne", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "FSJRI78J", "version": 1, "parentItem": "PU73UZVG", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Terra Nova: Gamification", "accessDate": "2011-02-03T19:08:33Z", "url": "http://terranova.blogs.com/terra_nova/2011/02/gamification.html", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "gamification.html", "md5": null, "mtime": 1296760112000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-03T19:08:33Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-03T19:08:41Z" } }, { "key": "PU73UZVG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/PU73UZVG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/PU73UZVG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 112545, "username": "alexlayne", "name": "Alex Layne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alexlayne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "PU73UZVG", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Terra Nova: Gamification", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://terranova.blogs.com/terra_nova/2011/02/gamification.html", "accessDate": "2011-02-03T19:08:31Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "32BG78CT" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-03T19:08:31Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-03T19:08:31Z" } }, { "key": "E9TBKP28", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/E9TBKP28", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/E9TBKP28", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/4RAB2SNA", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 323282, "username": "taylo206", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/taylo206", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "E9TBKP28", "version": 1, "parentItem": "4RAB2SNA", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "377147", "accessDate": "2011-01-12T02:54:36Z", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/377147", "note": "", "contentType": "", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-12T02:54:36Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-12T02:54:36Z" } }, { "key": "4RAB2SNA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/4RAB2SNA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/4RAB2SNA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 323282, "username": "taylo206", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/taylo206", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Haswell", "parsedDate": "1983-10-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "4RAB2SNA", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Minimal Marking", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard H.", "lastName": "Haswell" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "College English", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 01, 1983", "volume": "45", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "600-604", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/377147", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00100994", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "ArticleType: research-article / Full publication date: Oct., 1983 / Copyright © 1983 National Council of Teachers of English", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-12T02:54:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-12T02:54:35Z" } }, { "key": "UMRXEPV8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/UMRXEPV8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/UMRXEPV8", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/QHTN7ICI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 323282, "username": "taylo206", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/taylo206", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "UMRXEPV8", "version": 1, "parentItem": "QHTN7ICI", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "3594217", "accessDate": "2011-01-10T01:34:13Z", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3594217", "note": "", "contentType": "", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-10T01:34:13Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-10T01:34:13Z" } }, { "key": "57SJM8EF", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/57SJM8EF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/57SJM8EF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/QHTN7ICI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 323282, "username": "taylo206", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/taylo206", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "57SJM8EF", "version": 1, "parentItem": "QHTN7ICI", "itemType": "note", "note": "Although the Bartholomae/Elbow debate is often framed as a modern conflict between the advocates of \"academic\" and \"personal\" writing, it is more appropriately viewed as the most recent manifestation of the historical clash between expressivism and constructivism. However, both sides of this conflict, which split over whether to see writing as a product of the mind or of an external discourse, rest upon a dualist assumption that the primary task of language is to provide linguistic representations of a transcendental ego. This essay first draws from the work of Richard Rorty and John Dewey in order to critique the dualist legacy of the expressivist/constructivist debate and then explicates Dewey's views on mind, language, and experience in order to reconstruct a pragmatic philosophy of communication and a progressive composition pedagogy.", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-10T01:34:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-10T01:34:12Z" } }, { "key": "QHTN7ICI", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/QHTN7ICI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/QHTN7ICI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 323282, "username": "taylo206", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/taylo206", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Crick", "parsedDate": "2003-12-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "QHTN7ICI", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Composition as Experience: John Dewey on Creative Expression and the Origins of \"Mind\"", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nathan", "lastName": "Crick" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "College Composition and Communication", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 01, 2003", "volume": "55", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "254-275", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3594217", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0010096X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "ArticleType: research-article / Full publication date: Dec., 2003 / Copyright © 2003 National Council of Teachers of English", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-10T01:34:11Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-10T01:34:11Z" } }, { "key": "8EBRJ6J6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/8EBRJ6J6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/8EBRJ6J6", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/SHUEGTCN", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 323282, "username": "taylo206", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/taylo206", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "8EBRJ6J6", "version": 1, "parentItem": "SHUEGTCN", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "356486", "accessDate": "2011-01-10T01:33:13Z", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/356486", "note": "", "contentType": "", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-10T01:33:13Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-10T01:33:13Z" } }, { "key": "SHUEGTCN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/SHUEGTCN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/SHUEGTCN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 323282, "username": "taylo206", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/taylo206", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bartholomae", "parsedDate": "1980-10-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "SHUEGTCN", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Study of Error", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Bartholomae" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "College Composition and Communication", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 01, 1980", "volume": "31", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "253-269", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/356486", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0010096X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "ArticleType: research-article / Full publication date: Oct., 1980 / Copyright © 1980 National Council of Teachers of English", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-10T01:33:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-10T01:33:12Z" } }, { "key": "2DAAAJ7H", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/2DAAAJ7H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/2DAAAJ7H", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/89NTIEII", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 323282, "username": "taylo206", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/taylo206", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "2DAAAJ7H", "version": 1, "parentItem": "89NTIEII", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "356486", "accessDate": "2011-01-10T01:32:57Z", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/356486", "note": "", "contentType": "", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-10T01:32:57Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-10T01:32:57Z" } }, { "key": "89NTIEII", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23321, "name": "591Fall2010", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23321/items/89NTIEII", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/591fall2010/items/89NTIEII", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 323282, "username": "taylo206", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/taylo206", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bartholomae", "parsedDate": "1980-10-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "89NTIEII", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Study of Error", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Bartholomae" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "College Composition and Communication", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 01, 1980", "volume": "31", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "253-269", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/356486", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0010096X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "ArticleType: research-article / Full publication date: Oct., 1980 / Copyright © 1980 National Council of Teachers of English", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-10T01:32:56Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-10T01:32:56Z" } } ]