English Abstract
\nThe scope of this thesis is twofold. On the one hand, a general methodology is looked for to obtain objective safety values for existing structures, on the other hand, the methodology focuses on unreinforced historical masonry structures.
\n\n
Possible target values for the failure probability or reliability index are given. To calculate the present safety level, a level III method or probabilistic method is proposed. Traditional reliability methods are reviewed and recent developments are treated.
\n\n
The safety value, failure probability or reliability index of a whole system or structure or a structural element is aimed at. Calculating the failure probability means calculating the probability that a limit state function is exceeded. In some cases the limit state function is known analytically, in other cases each limit state function evaluation will require a (non-linear) finite element calculation. The latter may require a substantial amount of calculation time. Therefore, a methodology that minimizes the number of direct limit state function evaluations is very fruitful. The limit state functions for masonry and calculation models are retrieved and rephrased for assessment purposes where necessary.
\n\n
Recently developed reliability methods aim at calculating a system reliability index, minimizing the number of direct limit state function evaluations. This can be achieved by combining traditional reliability methods with an adaptive response surface. The new methodology is further developed and improved.
\n\n
In case of a level III method, all variables are treated as random variables, accounting for the present uncertainties. These include:
\n- loads (forces and displacements such as settlements),
\n- geometrical properties (cross-sections, eccentricities)
\n- material properties (strength and stiffness properties).
\n\n
The material properties that govern the masonry material behavior are dealt with in the experimental part. The probability distribution function of the main material properties are gathered. Not only masonry in compression is treated, but also masonry in tension regime, shear and multi-axial stress state. For the latter, a triaxial cell testing device was acquired capable of handling low strength heterogeneous materials.
\n\n
The technique is illustrated on several examples: safety of three-leaf masonry, eccentrically loaded masonry column, arches and shear walls. These cover analytical as well as numerical problems. With the safety of shear walls, a link to more contemporary masonry is made.
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scope of this thesis is twofold. On the one hand, a general methodology is looked for to obtain objective safety values for existing structures, on the other hand, the methodology focuses on unreinforced historical masonry structures.\n\nPossible target values for the failure probability or reliability index are given. To calculate the present safety level, a level III method or probabilistic method is proposed. Traditional reliability methods are reviewed and recent developments are treated.\n\nThe safety value, failure probability or reliability index of a whole system or structure or a structural element is aimed at. Calculating the failure probability means calculating the probability that a limit state function is exceeded. In some cases the limit state function is known analytically, in other cases each limit state function evaluation will require a (non-linear) finite element calculation. The latter may require a substantial amount of calculation time. Therefore, a methodology that minimizes the number of direct limit state function evaluations is very fruitful. The limit state functions for masonry and calculation models are retrieved and rephrased for assessment purposes where necessary.\n\nRecently developed reliability methods aim at calculating a system reliability index, minimizing the number of direct limit state function evaluations. This can be achieved by combining traditional reliability methods with an adaptive response surface. The new methodology is further developed and improved.\n\nIn case of a level III method, all variables are treated as random variables, accounting for the present uncertainties. These include:\n- loads (forces and displacements such as settlements),\n- geometrical properties (cross-sections, eccentricities)\n- material properties (strength and stiffness properties).\n\nThe material properties that govern the masonry material behavior are dealt with in the experimental part. The probability distribution function of the main material properties are gathered. Not only masonry in compression is treated, but also masonry in tension regime, shear and multi-axial stress state. For the latter, a triaxial cell testing device was acquired capable of handling low strength heterogeneous materials.\n\nThe technique is illustrated on several examples: safety of three-leaf masonry, eccentrically loaded masonry column, arches and shear walls. These cover analytical as well as numerical problems. With the safety of shear walls, a link to more contemporary masonry is made.", "thesisType": "PhD", "university": "Civil Engineering Department , KU Leuven", "place": "Belgium", "date": "December, 2001", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "numPages": "273", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "MTZ3EVZ8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-08-16T13:58:16Z", "dateModified": "2010-08-16T13:58:16Z" } }, { "key": "E3WDMG4N", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23224, "name": "Failure Probabilities Flood Defences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/failure_probabilities_flood_defences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23224/items/E3WDMG4N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/failure_probabilities_flood_defences/items/E3WDMG4N", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 291895, "username": "kathryn.roscoe", "name": "Kathryn Roscoe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kathryn.roscoe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hohenbichler et al.", "parsedDate": "1987", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "E3WDMG4N", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "New light on first- and second-order reliability methods", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Hohenbichler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Gollwitzer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W.", "lastName": "Kruse" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Rackwitz" } ], "abstractNote": "The classical first- and second order reliability methods as applied to complex systems are reviewed. They are justified and improved by new concepts of asymptotic analysis. Various asymptotically exact formulae are presented for the probability of simple failure domains and unions and intersections of such failure domains occuring in the reliability analysis of structural or other technical systems. Essentially, the computations are reduced to a problem of non-linear multi-constraint optimization and some simple algebraic manipulations. 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This supplementary document presents the method in its final status, and illustrates user-friendly techniques and solutions in a variety of semistatic (static and dynamic imposed loads) problems for the understanding by structural analysts. 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Res.", "DOI": "200110.1029/2000WR900329", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2001.../2000WR900329.shtml", "accessDate": "2010-08-11T14:46:29Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "AGU Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "MTZ3EVZ8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-08-16T13:58:16Z", "dateModified": "2010-08-16T13:58:16Z" } }, { "key": "QRPFXTN3", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23224, "name": "Failure Probabilities Flood Defences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/failure_probabilities_flood_defences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23224/items/QRPFXTN3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/failure_probabilities_flood_defences/items/QRPFXTN3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 291895, "username": "kathryn.roscoe", "name": "Kathryn Roscoe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kathryn.roscoe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cizelj et al.", "parsedDate": "1994-04-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "QRPFXTN3", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Application of first and second order reliability methods in the safety assessment of cracked steam generator tubing", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Cizelj" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Mavko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Riesch-Oppermann" } ], "abstractNote": "The First- and Second Order Reliability Methods (FORM and SORM) have been applied in the safety assessment of steam generator tubes with through-wall axial stress corrosion cracks. The underlying probabilistic fracture mechanics model takes into account the scatter in tube geometry, material properties and stable crack propagation. Also, the effect of the maintenance strategy has been considered. A realistic numerical example has been given to compare the failure probabilities calculated by FORM and SORM to those obtained by different versions of Monte Carlo simulations. The relative errors of the numerical methods employed have been analysed, which has shown that FORM performs in an acceptable and SORM in an excellent manner. Some changes in failure surface properties, caused by different maintenance strategies, are indicated and a sensitivity analysis of influencing parameters is made. 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