Estimate that 8,800 college students recruited to serve as poll workers
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"alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/poll", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23079/items/697WKFME", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/poll/items/697WKFME", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23079/items/QRP4J8M4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 84189, "username": "rcobb", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rcobb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "697WKFME", "version": 1, "parentItem": "QRP4J8M4", "itemType": "note", "note": "Whites, blacks, Hispanics have different experiences when voting Indicators: lines at polling places requests for identification registration problems Legal literature — lines may be treated in same manner as \"tests\" Requests for ID show statistically significant differences across groups \\textasciitilde50% white voters said asked to show photographic ID (high — only handful of states require present picture ID)⅔ black voters asked to show picture ID 60% plus Hispanic voters Even after controlling for other factors, including states, requests for photo ID have strong racial differences. States allowing poll workers to ask for ID, voters asked 80% States that do not allow requests for ID, poll workers request ID 20% of time Higher income/better educated voters reported waiting in line longer than those with lower incomes, less education Perhaps higher SES vote more; polling places in high SES neighborhoods have higher turnout, greater congestion Higher SES less likely to be asked to show photo ID Older voters less likely to wait in lines Less likely to be asked to show ID Less likely to have registration problems Concludes that poll workers use discretion in interpreting, applying laws regarding voter authentication. They do this in manner that affects racial groups differently Finds that black poll workers show same level of discrimination Contends this suggests that local practices better explain differences than \"actual discrimination\" \"black voters had the greatest problems when they had black (italic) poll workers.\" (p. 10) Thus concludes taht replacing white poll workers with black poll workers will do nothing to reduce lines, ID requests, registration problems See Anoslabehere 2008 Alvariez, Bailey, Katz 2007 And, voter identification requirements, which states have strengthened considerably since 2000, are alleged to be applied more frequently and strictly to Black and Hispanic voters than to Whites. 3 States have strengthened voter ID requirements substantially since 2000 Allegations — apply more frequently to Black and Hispanic voters than white voters Some states have ID requirements, some states do not Nearly all voters asked to show ID in states that allow poll workers to request it 1/4 voters in states that do not have strong voter ID requirements are asked to show ID (Ansolabehere and Persily 2008)", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-08-10T17:44:55Z", "dateModified": "2010-08-10T17:44:55Z" } }, { "key": "JAAXVRZZ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23079, "name": "Poll", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/poll", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23079/items/JAAXVRZZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/poll/items/JAAXVRZZ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23079/items/NSKXR82N", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 84189, "username": "rcobb", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rcobb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JAAXVRZZ", "version": 1, "parentItem": "NSKXR82N", "itemType": "note", "note": "Argument: voter confidence in elections is a measure of government support. Local context may matter a great deal in structuring voter confidence. FINDINGS Evidence that voters' direct experience with voting process influences their voting confidence. Voting absentee lowers voter confidence in process. Find income positive related to voter confidence Find education not related voter confidence Gender, age, state have no relationship to voter confidence Race shows no relationship to voter confidence. \"It is their job to present a process of administration that reducesvoter anxiety and increases voter confidence\" — secretaries of state and election administrators Other measures:political efficacy trust in governmentOver time, confidence in US and Europe has declined (Dalton 2009)\"Theoretically, greater levels of government trust and efficacy lead to democratic stability and economic security, while lower levels have the potential to destabilize a government and create economic insecurity.\"PROBLEMS WITH MEASURES OF CONFIDENCEFocus is too broad/generalalities — vague measures of regime supportQuestions \"people in government\" or \"people running government\" — are about our emotional response to the issue; do not center on experiences or the exact object being evaluated.Global support measures of institutions miss th point of \"primary linkages\" and citizen connection to governing process.Voter confidence focuses on Procedures not InstitutionsARGUMENT: if you study specific areas of support you get a real way to evaluate voters' experiences with the political system.Moreover, if you create positive political experiences, this increases levels of support and strengthens the political system.Trust at one level builds confidence in other institutions of government and individual attachment to political system.DATA:internet and mail survey conducted after 2006 midterm.2 CDs — NM1 and CO7 — highly competitive; higher voter interest in electoral outcomes; potential for greater problems.Sent 4,050 letters to random sample registered voters in both regarding participation in Election Administration Survey just before election day.Provided link to URL.15% response rateFocus of article: \"How confidence are you that your vote i the November 2006 election will be counted as you intended?\"They could respond —Primary IVs:Voting experience itself — More problems voting, ballot confusing, too long, poll workers unhelpful — likely to feel less confident. (conversely, the happier, more positive, the more likely feel confident vote counted(HYPOTHESIS: As quality of voter's first hand experience with voting process increases, so too does level of confidence increase.Choice of how to vote: absentee, early, or on ED. Hyptothesieze that voters who vote early/absentee are more distant, less likely to feel confidence ballot counted.ATTITUDESAttitude toward local election official — argue that more confidence voter has in election official, more confident vote counted.POLITICAL RESOURCESeduction, income –> increase political efficacy and trustExpect these to have similar effect on voter confidence.Other research African-Americans likely to be less trusting in governmentBlacks have less voter confidence than whites (Alvarez, Hall, and Llewellyn 2006; Pew 2006; Bullock III, Hood III, and Clark 2005). PRESENTATION Compare their data to Pew survey data from 2006: How confidence are you that your vote will be accurately counted in the upcoming election? Problems continued past HAVAOHIO 2004Electronic machines — overreporting votesPrecincts in urban areas lacked enough equipmentArticle published by Robert Kennedy Jr. helped to raise doubts about election system — Voter Confidence is an issue — it is link between citizens and elected officialsRepresentative democracy — ballot box sends messageIf no confidence — confidence that vote not counted correctly, then crisis in democracynormatively, voters should have confidence", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-08-10T17:44:55Z", "dateModified": "2010-08-10T17:44:55Z" } }, { "key": "G625XI8J", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23079, "name": "Poll", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/poll", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23079/items/G625XI8J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/poll/items/G625XI8J", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23079/items/RQMV22K2", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 84189, "username": "rcobb", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rcobb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "G625XI8J", "version": 1, "parentItem": "RQMV22K2", "itemType": "note", "note": "Copyright of Policy Studies Journal is the property of Blackwell Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-08-10T17:44:55Z", "dateModified": "2010-08-10T17:44:55Z" } }, { "key": "FFE2TNBU", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 23079, "name": "Poll", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/poll", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23079/items/FFE2TNBU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/poll/items/FFE2TNBU", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/23079/items/RQMV22K2", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 84189, "username": "rcobb", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rcobb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FFE2TNBU", "version": 1, "parentItem": "RQMV22K2", "itemType": "note", "note": "Accession Number: 23414058; Alvarez, R. Michael 1; Hall, Thad E. 2; Affiliations: 1: Professor of Political Science, California Institute of Technology 2: Assistant professor of Political Science and an Investigator with the Institute for Public and International Affairs, University of Utah Source Info: 2006, Vol. 34 Issue 4, p491; Thesaurus Term: ELECTIONS; Thesaurus Term: ELECTION monitoring; Thesaurus Term: VOTING research; Thesaurus Term: REFORMS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Subject Term: ELECTION Day; Subject Term: AGENCY theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: election reform; Author-Supplied Keyword: principal ù agent theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: principal — agent theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: principal–agent theory; Number of Pages: 20p. Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 10383
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