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            "title": "Neotectonic extrusion of the Eastern Alps: Constraints from U/Th dating of tectonically damaged speleothems",
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                    "firstName": "Lukas",
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            "abstractNote": "We suggest that the Salzachtal-Ennstal-Mariazell-Puchberg (SEMP) fault, a major strike-slip system in the European Alps, is active. It has accommodated lateral extrusion of the central part of the Eastern Alps toward the Pannonian Basin. The main tectonic activity of this fault dates back to Oligocene and Miocene time, but until now it was largely unknown whether the fault was still active. We present here the first field evidence of neotectonic activity from a cave in the Hochschwab karst massif (Styria, Austria) that intersects a segment of the SEMP fault zone. Damaged speleothems in this cave include scratched flowstone (a hitherto undescribed feature), massive flowstone disrupted by a fault, and ruptured flowstone. The superposition of younger flowstone layers allows constraining the time frame of the tectonic events using U/Th dating. The youngest flowstone of the pre-damage generation is ca. 118 ka (end of the Last Interglacial) and the oldest post-event layer is ca. 9 ka (early Holocene). The tectonic event bracketed by these layers coincided with a growth hiatus during the last glacial period, consistent with the high alpine setting of the cave. Geologic evidence precludes deformation mechanisms other than tectonic. These new data are consistent with vectors of continuous global positioning system measurements as well as instrumental seismicity data, and collectively suggest that the SEMP is an active fault and that lateral extrusion of the Eastern Alps is ongoing.",
            "publicationTitle": "Geology",
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            "date": "2020-06-01",
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            "pages": "483 -486",
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            "title": "A new karren feature: hummocky karren",
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "C.",
                    "lastName": "Renezeder"
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                    "firstName": "Rudolf",
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            "abstractNote": "Karren are small-scale landforms on karst surfaces and many types have been described so far. Here we present an apparently new feature which was found on the Hochschwab karst massive in the Northern Calcareous Alps of Austria. So far only few outcrops each having less than 1 m² within a very restricted area have been found. Morphometric analysis reveals that the karren consist of a randomly distributed, dispersed assemblage of small hummocks and depressions in between. The mean distance between neighbouring hummocks is 4 to 5 cm and the mean height is 0.85 cm. Longitudinal sections are gently sinuous. The occurrences are delimited by thin soil cover with grassy vegetation. The karst features continue below that vegetation cover. Therefore, it is clear that the karren have formed subcutaneously. Corroded fissures where water could infiltrate into the epikarst are absent. The bedrock lithology is Middle Triassic limestone of the Wetterstein Formation in lagoonal facies. Geological structures do not govern the feature. The surface is not a bedding plane and small joints and fractures do not govern the arrangement of the hummocks. Thin section analysis regarding rock texture and dolomite components show that there is no compositional difference between hummocks and depressions. Geochemical analyses show that the limestone is very pure with a very low content of Magnesia. Slightly higher Magnesia contents at the hummock surfaces are significant. The data obtained so far only indicate that some dissolution mechanism but not any rock property governs the irregular array. As there exist no descriptions of comparable features in literature, the name “hummocky karren” is suggested for that type of karren landform.",
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            "publicationTitle": "Die Höhle",
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            "title": "Untersuchungen zum oberflächennahen Wasserspeichervermögen am Hochschwab-Karstplateau",
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                    "firstName": "Thomas",
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            "publicationTitle": "Die Höhle",
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            "title": "Geophysical and hydrological monitoring of snowmelt at the Hirschgruben cave (Hochschwab, Austria)",
            "creators": [
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            "abstractNote": "Snowmelt is a key parameter for groundwater recharge in alpine aquifer, yet the pathways controlling water flow from snowmelt into the epikarst and the vados zone are not well understood. To address this issue, we present here electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) monitoring measurements conducted at the Hochschwab karst massif (Styria, Austria), one of the most important catchments for Vienna's water supply. In particular, we present here results obtained from monitoring data collected at the Hirschgruben cave, which opens at 1896 m a.s.l. in limestone of the Dachstein Formation below a paleo surface with up to 40 cm soil cover. The cave passages near the entrance run horizontally into the mountain, while the surface topography increases with it, resulting in a rock overburden of up to 25 m. We aim at understanding the infiltration of snowmelt water into the uppermost vadose zone by combining ERT monitoring and hydrological measurements, namely drip water in the cave and soil moisture.\nImaging result presented here were obtained at two different monitoring periods, associated to different conditions. The first data set considers continuous monitoring of snowmelt events along three weeks between March and April (2024), representing dry and wet winter/spring conditions. The second monitoring period was between June and August (2024), representing dry as well as wet summer conditions. ERT monitoring data sets were collected using 96 electrodes (1 m spacing) along a profile extending from the surface through the cave entrance and ceiling to the drip water chimney. During the snowmelt period, ERT measurements were taken every 7 h, supplemented by three measurements during the summer months. Hydrological data are available at 10-minute intervals covering the entire observation period; Two surface stations measure precipitation, temperature and soil volumetric water content and in the cave a logger measures drip water from a chimney for discharge, fluid electrical conductivity, and temperature. \nTemporal changes in the hydrogeological and geophysical data reveal good agreement for all occurred hydrologic events. Our analysis demonstrate that the combination of both direct and indirect methods provides information on the flow rates, saturation of the rock, and resident times in relation to the infiltration rate. While snowmelt leads to an increase in saturation also in the rock body, rain events show a quick recharge. These results show the importance of snowmelt as a diffuse recharge source as well as the importance of using different sensors to investigate recharge processes in Alpine karst systems.",
            "proceedingsTitle": "GELMON 2025 : 7th International Workshop on Geoelectrical Monitoring : Book of Abstracts",
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            "abstractNote": "The complexity of karst aquifers hampers the assessment of groundwater recharge processes in the upper vadose zone. Consequently processes governing water flow in the soil and epikarst into the vadose zone remain poorly understood. This study aims to explore spatial differences of water recharge, storage, and movement through the upper vadose zone on a field scale at the Hochschwab karst massif (Eastern Alps, Austria).To achieve this, we combined multiple approaches such as geophysical, hydrological, pedological, and structural geological methods to distinguish spatial variability in infiltration processes. Data were collected at Hirschgruben cave (1896 m above sea level) for dry and wet conditions in winter and summer providing a seasonal comparison of infiltration dynamics in regard to snowmelt and precipitation. Monitoring included cave drip water (discharge, electrical conductivity and temperature) along with soil moisture measurements at depths of 5 to 30 cm, and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) utilizing 96 electrodes between the cave ceiling and the surface to produce resolved 2D images. A structural geological survey of the fracture density classes and fault characteristics was carried out.The results show different infiltration processes for snowmelt and precipitation; deep saturation with slow water percolation after snowmelt and rapid transit of water and quick responses at the cave weir after heavy precipitation events. Spatial differences in the ERT images indicate differences in water saturation in the epikarst, bedrock and the frost-weathered cave ceiling. The ERT images show the greatest increase in saturation in the bedrock during snowmelt, while rain events with rapid and heavy water flow show a continuous increase in water saturation in the epikarst and preferential flow paths. The structural geological characterisation of the catchment area enables the interpretation of differences in the spatial distribution of water saturation. These results underline that the integration of multiple sensors and methods is crucial to understand the variability of water fluxes in Alpine karst systems under different meteorological conditions.",
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            "title": "The Role of Snowmelt on the Recharge Dynamics of a Vadose Alpine Karst",
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                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "name": "Plan, Lukas"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "In alpine Aquifers, snowmelt is an important contributor to groundwater recharge. Yet, the pathways and mechanisms controlling water flow into the epikarst are not well understood. Since the Hochschwab karst massif (Styria, Austria) is one of the most important aquifers for Vienna's water supply, we aim understanding snowmelt water infiltration into the uppermost vadose zone using the combination of geophysical (electrical resistivity tomography, ERT) and hydrological methods (drip\nwater in a cave, soil moisture). In particular, we present here results from monitoring activities at the Hirschgruben cave (3 weeks in March/April 2024). The cave opens at 1896 m a.s.l. in limestone of the Dachstein Formation below a paleo surface with up to 40 cm soil cover. The cave passages near the entrance run horizontally into the mountain, while the surface topography increases with it, resulting in a rock overburden of up to 25 m. Drip water from a chimney is measured for discharge, fluid electrical conductivity, and temperature (interval: 10 minutes). Soil moisture is measured at three locations between 5 and 30 cm depth. In addition, ERT monitoring is conducted with 96 electrodes (1m spacing) along a profile extending from the surface through the cave entrance and ceiling to the\ndrip water chimney. Comparing results from different sensors, i.e. hydrogeological and geophysical, showed good agreement for all occurred hydrologic events. In total, 12 events could be observed at the weir, two as a mixture of snowmelt and rain and 10 from snowmelt. A total of 70 ERT-images are conducted and provide spatial images of different saturation conditions, with temporal variations in resistivity. The combination of several methods provides detailed information on the flow rates, saturation of the rock, and resident times in relation to the infiltration rate.",
            "proceedingsTitle": "Data Acquisition and Analysis in Karst Systems = Pridobivanje in analiza podatkov v kraških sistemih : 31st International Karstological School \"Classical Karst\" = 31. mednarodna krasoslovna šola \"Klasični kras\" : abstracts & guide book = povzetki & vodnik",
            "conferenceName": "31th International Karstological school \"Classical Karst\", 17th-21st June 2024, Postojna, Slovenia",
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            "numberOfVolumes": "",
            "pages": "77-78",
            "series": "",
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            "title": "Quantification of near-surface cave drip-water by combining different measurement approaches",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Michael",
                    "lastName": "Nagl"
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                    "creatorType": "author",
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                {
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                    "lastName": "Sulzbacher"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "Drip water in caves can fluctuate by several orders of magnitude due to different precipitation conditions, which is often difficult to record using a single measuring method. On the Hochschwab karst plateau (1.400 - 2.277 m.a.s.l., Austria), several recent studies and still ongoing projects aim to gain a better understanding of the behaviour of water in the uppermost karst zone. Therefore, in a cave (Hirschgrubenhöhle, 1.896 m.a.s.l.) drip water is collected from a near-surface chimney (7 m\noverburden) by combining a weir for measuring discharges above 4 mL per second and a rain gauge\nfor lower discharge rates. To collect the dripping water over an area of several square meters, some plastic sheets were installed and tilted towards a drainage point. An acrylic glass box was installed underneath, with one side designed as a v-notch weir with an acute angle of 8.5°. To reduce the issue of overflowing waves at high discharge the box is divided into two chambers – one input chamber collecting the drip water and one output chamber with the weir – which are siphon-like connected underwater. In the second chamber discharge, temperature and electrical conductivity are\nmonitored in a 5-minute interval with a multiparameter pressure rod. Low discharge is below the resolution of the pressure probe and therefore cannot be  dfferentiated. For this reason, a tipping bucket rain gauge was installed under the outlet of the weir in order to quantify low drip water with high resolution. A smaller chimney nearby with a greater overburden (13 m) and a significantly lower discharge (1/80) correlates with most, but not all, of the heavy rainfall events during summertime. This study shows that by applying different measurement methods, a wider range of drip water differences can be quantified.",
            "proceedingsTitle": "Data Acquisition and Analysis in Karst Systems = Pridobivanje in analiza podatkov v kraških sistemih : 31st International Karstological School \"Classical Karst\" = 31. mednarodna krasoslovna šola \"Klasični kras\" : abstracts & guide book = povzetki & vodnik",
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            "title": "Did the Dinaric Alps force an arid climate and speciation during the Miocene Climatic Optimum?",
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                    "lastName": "Šamarija"
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                    "lastName": "Mandic"
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            "abstractNote": "",
            "proceedingsTitle": "Abstract Book, “100 years of the Paratethys (Laskarev, 1924) – Conceptual History and Modern Challenges”. RCMNS Interim Colloquium & INHIGEO conference, September 30 – October, 1 2024, Belgrade",
            "conferenceName": "Regional Committee on Mediterranean Neogene Stratigraphy - RCMNS Interim Colloquium  &  International Commission on the History of Geological Sciences - INHIGEO Conference “100 years of the Paratethys (Laskarev, 1924) – Conceptual History and Modern Challenges”",
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            "title": "The last crocodylian in Central Europe? A new occurrence from the late Middle Miocene of the Vienna Basin (Austria)",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Mathias",
                    "lastName": "Harzhauser"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Ursula B.",
                    "lastName": "Göhlich"
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                    "firstName": "Martin",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Davit",
                    "lastName": "Vasilyan"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "We present a new record of a crocodylian osteoderm from the Middle Miocene (Sarmatian) of the Vienna Basin (Austria) and summarise the current knowledge of Sarmatian occurrences of crocodylians. Our data extend the stratigraphic range of crocodylians in Central Europe by about 1 my compared to previous estimates. The obvious decline of fossils in the late Middle Miocene deposits is discussed as a result of the strong reduction of wetland habitat during increased aridity, which in addition reduced fluvial transport of potential fossils into coastal marine depositional environments. Both factors resulted in considerable preservational bias and render it difficult to define the timing of the final extirpation of crocodylians from Central Europe. Other than a decline in temperature, increased seasonality during the late Middle Miocene might have been crucial for the retreat of these reptiles by extending the cool period during which the animals brumated.",
            "publicationTitle": "Historical Biology",
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            "shortTitle": "The last crocodylian in Central Europe?",
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            "abstractNote": "Spirula spirula (Coleoidea: Decabrachia) is a unique deep-sea squid with an uncertain taxonomic status. Here, we apply geometric morphometric analyses to precisely describe changes in conch morphology during the course of ontogeny of 21 specimens collected from 12 localities worldwide. These data were used to explore whether the genus is monospecific or comprises several species. Different 2D and 3D conch parameters are presented based on micro-computed tomography data, combining noninvasive imaging techniques with a range of morphometric analyses. Our data imply that Atlantic and Indo-Pacific specimens form two distinct morphological clusters, potentially representing two pseudocryptic species or two populations undergoing divergence (i.e. in the process of speciation). Given the evolutionary trend from straight to more coiled forms, we suggest that S. spirula represents a neotenous form that migrated from the Indo-Pacific towards the Atlantic via the Agulhas leakage, which has been active since the closure of the Strait of Panama (10–3 Ma).",
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            "title": "Morphology, taxonomy and trophic interactions of rostrum-less coleoids from the Late Triassic Polzberg <i>Konservat-Lagerstätte</i> (Lower Austria)",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
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                    "firstName": "Dirk",
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            "abstractNote": "Coleoid cephalopods are widespread from the Mesozoic till today. The extinct group of the Phragmoteuthida is thought to represent either stem-neocoleoids, stem-decabrachians, or stem-octobrachians. The well-known, almost complete specimens of\n              Phragmoteuthis bisinuata\n              from the Carnian Polzberg\n              Konservat-Lagerstätte\n              near Lunz am See (Lower Austria, Northern Calcareous Alps) and Cave del Predil (Northern Italy, Julian Alps) come from historical collections. These specimens do not reflect the entire coleoid assemblage within this environment. In order to obtain a more complete picture of the Carnian coleoid fauna, 430 coleoid specimens from the Polzberg locality and 60 specimens from contemporaneous localities around Cave del Predil were studied in detail. All available elements (phragmocones, proostraca, cartilages, hooks, beaks, ink sacs) attributed to the coleoid fauna were recorded, measured and evaluated taxonomically and taphonomically. Reviews of historical collection material permitted comparisons with recently collected material. The notation of co-occurrences of other faunal elements yielded insights into the palaeoecological context of this Upper Triassic environment within the Polzberg Basin. The new material from Polzberg does not support the previous assumption of a monospecific composition of the Polzberg coleoid fauna. Instead, we report the occurrence of the new phragmoteuthid\n              Phragmoteuthis polzbergensis\n              nov. sp. and a newly excavated specimen of\n              Phragmoteuthis\n              indicates the presence of ten arms within the group of the Phragmoteuthida for the first time. Phragmocones with small opening angles combined with cylindrical (roundly closed) body chambers, and arm hook types which are unusual for phragmoteuthids indicate the presence of the basal coleoid group comprising the rostrum-less genus\n              Mojsisovicsteuthis\n              .",
            "publicationTitle": "Swiss Journal of Palaeontology",
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            "title": "New data on the marine Upper Triassic palaeobiota from the Polzberg <i>Konservat-Lagerstätte</i> in Austria",
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                    "firstName": "Alexander",
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            "title": "Ammonoid taxonomy of the Carnian Polzberg <i>Konservat-Lagerstätte</i> in Austria",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Alexander",
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "Although known for 150 years, the lower Carnian ammonoid fauna from the Polzberg Konservat-Lagerstätte (Lower Austria) has not previously been taxonomically described in detail. We here describe a new ammonoid fauna from the Northern Calcareous Alps in Austria, revealed by intensive sampling of a calcareous–argillaceous transition interval of the lowermost fossiliferous Reingraben Shales. A c. 4 m-thick section provided a rare opportunity to sample the impoverished ammonoid fauna across the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE), allowing a thorough taxonomic revision. The main faunal element (more than 10,000 specimens) within the cephalopods is the trachyceratid genus Austrotrachyceras reported in detail from the Northern Calcareous Alps for the first time. Austrotrachyceras minor, Paratrachyceras haberfellneri, Carnites floridus and Simonyceras simonyi occur in this section, directly above the black, organic-rich, laminated Göstling member of the Lunz Nappe, and were deposited during the CPE, a major, worldwide climate crisis. The episode is characterised by the demise of carbonate platforms of the Reifling Formation, passing\nthrough the Göstling Member into the argillaceous deposits of the Reingraben Shales. Ammonoid taxa suggest an Early Carnian age, within the Austrotrachyceras austriacum Zone (A. minor Biozone), including members of the families Trachyceratitidae, Carnitidae and Ussuritidae. The dominant genera, Austrotrachyceras and Paratrachyceras, are accompanied by rare but characteristic Carnites and Simonyceras. The low-diversity ammonoid fauna indicates a basinal environment within the Reifling Basin, occasionally influenced by open marine input. We propose an intraplatform basinal habitat with restricted conditions as depositional area. These conditions form the prerequisite for the autochthonous deposition of the dominating trachyceratids, Austrotrachyceras and Paratrachyceras, and the rare but drifted larger ammonoids as Carnites and Simonyceras.",
            "publicationTitle": "Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt",
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            "date": "2024-02",
            "volume": "162",
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            "pages": "27-55",
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            "title": "Multi-proxy record of the Austrian Upper Triassic Polzberg <i>Konservat-Lagerstätte</i> in light of the Carnian Pluvial Episode",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Alexander",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Petra",
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Reinhard F.",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Guido",
                    "lastName": "Roghi"
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                    "firstName": "Manuel",
                    "lastName": "Rigo"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "We present a multi-proxy investigation of a lower Carnian basinal succession from Polzberg in the Northern Calcareous Alps (Lower Austria). A section comprising a unique Konservat-Lagerstätte was studied based on bio- and chemostratigraphy along with geophysical methods, yielding a detailed and robust stratigraphic calibration of the Polzberg succession. The Polzberg section revealed the paleoceanographic history and helped to identify a global climatic reversal, the Carnian Pluvial Episode. The age of the Upper Triassic Reingraben formation in the Northern Calcareous Alps is refined as the Austrotrachyceras austriacum Zone within the lower Carnian (Julian 2). Ammonoids and conodonts provide a detailed biostratigraphic subdivision that serves as a basis for analyses of the faunal distribution and the paleoenvironmental evolution of the Upper Triassic Reifling Basin. The succession includes lithological and facies changes similar to those of coeval units in the Tethys. The Carnian was characterized by a weak (~ 1‰) positive δ13C trend, punctuated by a negative shift during the lower Carnian corresponding to the initiation of the Carnian Pluvial Episode, a period representing the onset of early/late Carnian transitional global greenhouse conditions. Organic maturity parameters and the conodont alteration index (CAI) show that the thermal overprint of the Polzberg section is low. Biomarker proxies suggest that the organic matter of the uppermost Göstling formation is a mixture of marine and terrestrial material deposited in a dysoxic environment. Within the overlaying Reingraben formation, the amount of marine biomass decreased gradually upwards. Oxygen-depleted conditions, probably due to water-column stratification, continued during deposition of the Reingraben formation. Bacterial sulfate reduction played a major role in organic matter degradation.",
            "publicationTitle": "Scientific Reports",
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