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To look at a legislative body is to observe democracy in the raw--with all its diverse characters and influences and its many conflicts, compromises, and achievements. Dede Feldman, a first-rate observer and chronicler, shows us the insides of the New Mexico State Senate.\"--Fred Harris, former U.S. Senator and professor emeritus of political science, University of New MexicoElected to New Mexico's state senate in 1996, Dede Feldman faced the challenges that confront state legislators around the country along with some that are uniquely New Mexican. In this forthright account of the workings of New Mexico's legislature, she reveals how the work of governing is actually accomplished.In New Mexico's part-time citizen legislature, Spanish may be spoken in the halls of the capitol as often as English, and Native American issues are often pivotal. But each year the Land of Enchantment's legislators, like those in other states, must balance revenues and expenditures, tangle with lobbyists, and struggle with redistricting and campaign finance reform. 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Banaji and Anthony G. Greenwald as they explore the hidden biases we all carry from a lifetime of exposure to cultural attitudes about age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, social class, sexuality, disability status, and nationality.“Blindspot” is the authors' metaphor for the portion of the mind that houses hidden biases. Writing with simplicity and verve, Banaji and Greenwald question the extent to which our perceptions of social groups—without our awareness or conscious control—shape our likes and dislikes and our judgments about people's character, abilities, and potential.In Blindspot, the authors reveal hidden biases based on their experience with the Implicit Association Test, a method that has revolutionized the way scientists learn about the human mind and that gives us a glimpse into what lies within the metaphoric blindspot.The title's “good people” are those of us who strive to align our behavior with our intentions. The aim of Blindspot is to explain the science in plain enough language to help well-intentioned people achieve that alignment. By gaining awareness, we can adapt beliefs and behavior and “outsmart the machine” in our heads so we can be fairer to those around us. Venturing into this book is an invitation to understand our own minds.Brilliant, authoritative, and utterly accessible, Blindspot is a book that will challenge and change readers for years to come.Praise for Blindspot “A riveting book steeped in research that feels personal, sometimes uncomfortably so . . . Banaji and Greenwald capture our attention . . . in this accessible and sobering book.”—BookPage “Accessible and authoritative . . . This research takes Freud's dagger into our vanity and twists it.”—The Washington Post “An accessible and persuasive account of the causes of stereotyping and discrimination . . . Banaji and Greenwald will keep even nonpsychology students engaged with plenty of self-examinations and compelling elucidations of case studies and experiments.”—Publishers Weekly “Mahzarin R. Banaji and Anthony G. Greenwald's work has revolutionized social psychology, proving that—unconsciously—people are affected by dangerous stereotypes.”—Psychology Today “A stimulating treatment that should help readers deal with irrational biases that they would otherwise consciously reject.”—Kirkus Reviews", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2013", "publisher": "Delacorte Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "274", "ISBN": "978-0-553-80464-5", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Blind Spot", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Psychology / Movements / Behaviorism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychology / Social Psychology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Science / Philosophy & Social Aspects", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T16:49:45Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T16:49:45Z" } }, { "key": "WKC3QRCC", "version": 1467, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 230075, "name": "Democracy in Small Groups 2nd Edition (2014)", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democracy_in_small_groups_2nd_edition_2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/230075/items/WKC3QRCC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democracy_in_small_groups_2nd_edition_2014/items/WKC3QRCC", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/230075/items/GU3B5JXI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1321820, "username": "jgastil1", "name": "John Gastil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jgastil1", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "WKC3QRCC", "version": 1467, "parentItem": "GU3B5JXI", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Google Books Link", "accessDate": "2014-09-24T16:49:45Z", "url": "http://books.google.com/books?id=_7NU-HXdGF4C", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T16:49:45Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T16:49:45Z" } }, { "key": "KZ5XPFTS", "version": 1466, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 230075, "name": "Democracy in Small Groups 2nd Edition (2014)", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democracy_in_small_groups_2nd_edition_2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/230075/items/KZ5XPFTS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democracy_in_small_groups_2nd_edition_2014/items/KZ5XPFTS", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/230075/items/MKX8NMG8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1321820, "username": "jgastil1", "name": "John Gastil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jgastil1", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "KZ5XPFTS", "version": 1466, "parentItem": "MKX8NMG8", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-09-24T16:02:05Z", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470674871.wbespm117/abstract", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "abstract.html", "md5": "ede4bcc96e32ad7ee065058ce63594c0", "mtime": 1411574525304, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T16:02:05Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T16:02:05Z" } }, { "key": "MKX8NMG8", "version": 1484, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 230075, "name": "Democracy in Small Groups 2nd Edition (2014)", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democracy_in_small_groups_2nd_edition_2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/230075/items/MKX8NMG8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democracy_in_small_groups_2nd_edition_2014/items/MKX8NMG8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1321820, "username": "jgastil1", "name": "John Gastil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jgastil1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tolbert", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "MKX8NMG8", "version": 1484, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "“Iron Law of Oligarchy”", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pamela S.", "lastName": "Tolbert" } ], "abstractNote": "Resource mobilization, a dominant theoretical approach to the study of social movements for many decades, points to social movement organizations (SMOs) as a focal point for efforts to understand the variations in both the impact and fate of social movements. SMOs, like other types of political organizations, are expected to represent members' common preferences for some specified social change, acting to bring about such change by influencing formal political decisions, or the values and behaviors of the members of a polity, or both. In this context, the classic analysis offered by Robert Michels (1962) of typical evolutionary processes in the governance of political organizations, and the impact of such processes on organizations' goals, is very relevant to scholars of social movements. Early studies of social movements often drew heavily on Michels' work (e.g., Messinger 1955; Sills 1957; Zald & Denton 1963; Zald & Ash 1966), documenting and fleshing out the nature of the evolutionary processes he posited, and the transformational consequences for social movements. Concern with movement transformation has been less dominant in contemporary work, despite a lack of evidence that such processes are any less operative in current movement organizations. Below, the key processes involved in what Michels' referred to as the “iron law of oligarchy” are sketched, followed by a brief discussion of some of the implications of this analysis for social movement researchers.", "bookTitle": "The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2013", "publisher": "Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "", "ISBN": "978-0-470-67487-1", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470674871.wbespm117/abstract", "accessDate": "2014-09-24T16:02:01Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Democracy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bureaucracy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "institutionalization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "political sociology", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T16:02:01Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T16:02:01Z" } }, { "key": "DFE98B6I", "version": 1484, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 230075, "name": "Democracy in Small Groups 2nd Edition (2014)", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democracy_in_small_groups_2nd_edition_2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/230075/items/DFE98B6I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democracy_in_small_groups_2nd_edition_2014/items/DFE98B6I", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1321820, "username": "jgastil1", "name": "John Gastil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jgastil1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lijphart", "parsedDate": "2012-09-11", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DFE98B6I", "version": 1484, "itemType": "book", "title": "Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arend", "lastName": "Lijphart" } ], "abstractNote": "In this updated and expanded edition of his classic text, Arend Lijphart offers a broader and deeper analysis of worldwide democratic institutions than ever before. Examining thirty-six democracies during the period from 1945 to 2010, Lijphart arrives at important—and unexpected—conclusions about what type of democracy works best.Praise for the previous edition:\"Magnificent. . . . The best-researched book on democracy in the world today.\"—Malcolm Mackerras, American Review of Politics\"I can't think of another scholar as well qualified as Lijphart to write a book of this kind. He has an amazing grasp of the relevant literature, and he's compiled an unmatched collection of data.\"—Robert A. Dahl, Yale University\"This sound comparative research . . . will continue to be a standard in graduate and undergraduate courses in comparative politics.\"—Choice", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2012-09-11", "publisher": "Yale University Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "370", "ISBN": "0-300-17202-8", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://books.google.com/books?id=j_6r6WtJPiYC&lpg=PP1&dq=Patterns%20of%20Democracy%3A%20Government%20Forms%20and%20Performance%20in%20Thirty-Six%20Countries&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=Patterns%20of%20Democracy:%20Government%20Forms%20and%20Performance%20in%20Thirty-Six%20Countries&f=false", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Patterns of Democracy", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Political Science / Political Ideologies / Democracy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Science / Reference", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T15:28:27Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T15:28:46Z" } }, { "key": "R93FE74I", "version": 1463, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 230075, "name": "Democracy in Small Groups 2nd Edition (2014)", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democracy_in_small_groups_2nd_edition_2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/230075/items/R93FE74I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democracy_in_small_groups_2nd_edition_2014/items/R93FE74I", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/230075/items/DFE98B6I", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1321820, "username": "jgastil1", "name": "John Gastil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jgastil1", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "R93FE74I", "version": 1463, "parentItem": "DFE98B6I", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Google Books Link", "accessDate": "2014-09-24T15:28:27Z", "url": "http://books.google.com/books?id=j_6r6WtJPiYC", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T15:28:27Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T15:28:27Z" } }, { "key": "I9PEFGAH", "version": 1462, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 230075, "name": "Democracy in Small Groups 2nd Edition (2014)", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democracy_in_small_groups_2nd_edition_2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/230075/items/I9PEFGAH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democracy_in_small_groups_2nd_edition_2014/items/I9PEFGAH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1321820, "username": "jgastil1", "name": "John Gastil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jgastil1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gastil", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "I9PEFGAH", "version": 1462, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "What counts as deliberation? Comparing participant and observer ratings", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Gastil" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Lyn", "lastName": "Carson" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Gastil" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Janette", "lastName": "Hartz-Karp" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Ron", "lastName": "Lubensky" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "The Australian Citizens’ Parliament and the future of deliberative democracy", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2013", "publisher": "Pennsylvania State University Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "95-107", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://books.google.com/books?id=0Ao7mgEACAAJ", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T15:18:05Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T15:21:16Z" } }, { "key": "UCGK676B", "version": 1458, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 230075, "name": "Democracy in Small Groups 2nd Edition (2014)", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democracy_in_small_groups_2nd_edition_2014", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/230075/items/UCGK676B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democracy_in_small_groups_2nd_edition_2014/items/UCGK676B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1321820, "username": "jgastil1", "name": "John Gastil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jgastil1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Knobloch et al.", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "UCGK676B", "version": 1458, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Did They Deliberate? Applying an Evaluative Model of Democratic Deliberation to the Oregon Citizens' Initiative Review", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katherine R.", "lastName": "Knobloch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Gastil" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Justin", "lastName": "Reedy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katherine", "lastName": "Cramer Walsh" } ], "abstractNote": "As deliberative forums proliferate, scholars and practitioners need to establish a shared evaluative framework grounded in a theoretical definition of deliberation, applicable across contexts, and capable of yielding results comprehensible to public officials and key stakeholders. We present such a framework and illustrate its utility by evaluating the Oregon Citizens' Initiative Review (CIR), a public event that serves as both a critical case study and an important practical innovation in its own right. Our analysis shows that the CIR met a reasonable standard for democratic deliberation, and we pinpoint CIR features that both aided and detracted from its overall quality. We also show how we summarized these results to communicate our evaluation efficiently to the Oregon State Legislature. 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The Difference is about how we think in groups--and how our collective wisdom exceeds the sum of its parts. Why can teams of people find better solutions than brilliant individuals working alone? And why are the best group decisions and predictions those that draw upon the very qualities that make each of us unique? The answers lie in diversity--not what we look like outside, but what we look like within, our distinct tools and abilities. The Difference reveals that progress and innovation may depend less on lone thinkers with enormous IQs than on diverse people working together and capitalizing on their individuality. Page shows how groups that display a range of perspectives outperform groups of like-minded experts. Diversity yields superior outcomes, and Page proves it using his own cutting-edge research. 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Mark Ducic trial demonstrate that jurors do laugh. Working from the disparate literature on laughter, we problematized laughter from a group communication perspective and analyzed its functionality in jury interaction. The authors identified and analyzed 51 laughter sequences across 414 transcript pages. Three categories of laughter functions (i.e., relational, processual, and informational) were identified; these categories were further detailed by 6, 10, and 10 subfunctions, respectively. Based on these findings, the authors revised their definition of laughter to incorporate its multifunctionality as vocalic and public emotional displays that (a) can be read as positive, negative, or ambiguous and (b) question, control, and regulate relationships, procedures, and information in the group. 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Results show that even though groups could have produced unbiased composites of the candidates through discussion, they decided in favor of the candidate initially preferred by a plurality rather than the most favorable candidate. Group members' pre- and postdiscussion recall of candidate attributes indicated that discussion tended to perpetuate, not to correct, members' distorted pictures of the candidates. It is suggested that unstructured discussion in the face of a consensus requirement may fail as a means of combining unique informational resources. 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