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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Adult Biology of the River Lamprey (<i>Lampetra ayresi</i>) and the Pacific Lamprey (<i>Lampetra tridentate</i>) from the Pacific Coast of Canada",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Richard J.",
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            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "1980",
            "volume": "37",
            "issue": "11",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "1906-1923",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.",
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            "url": "http://rparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?calyLang=eng&journal=cjfas&volume=37&year=1980&issue=11&msno=f80-232",
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            "parsedDate": "1973-03-05",
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Nest Construction of the Lamprey, <i>Lampetra aepyptera</i>",
            "creators": [
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                    "firstName": "Warren U.",
                    "lastName": "Brigham"
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            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "Copeia",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Mar. 5, 1973",
            "volume": "1973",
            "issue": "1",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "135-136",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "url": "http://www.jstor.org.proxy.lib.ohio-state.edu/stable/1442369",
            "accessDate": "2009-12-10T02:22:07Z",
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            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "00458511",
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            "extra": "ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Mar. 5, 1973 / Copyright © 1973 American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists",
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    {
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            "creatorSummary": "Cochran and Gripentrog",
            "parsedDate": "1992-04-01",
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            "version": 7879,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Aggregation and spawning by lampreys (genus <i>Ichthyomyzon</i>) beneath cover",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Philip",
                    "lastName": "Cochran"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Alan",
                    "lastName": "Gripentrog"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Synopsis  Lampreys are generally reported to spawn in shallow water on open, gravel bottoms. During surveys in Wisconsin and Minnesota,\nwe regularly observed aggregations of adult Ichthyomyzon c.f. gagei, I. castaneus, and I. fossor beneath such cover objects as boulders, woody debris, and, at one site, vegetation. In some cases, observations of eggs or\nrapid quivering by individual lampreys indicated that spawning was occurring. The literature includes scattered anecdotal\nreports of similar behavior in other populations of Ichthyomyzon. Our data for I. c.f. gagei suggest that aggregations beneath cover objects occur at a greater range of depths than those in the open, but that aggregations\nin the open can contain greater numbers of individuals. Facultative spawning beneath cover objects may permit lampreys to\nspawn in deep waters with swift current where spawning could not otherwise occur. Moreover, this behavior may reduce the vulnerability\nof spawning lampreys to some types of predators.",
            "publicationTitle": "Environmental Biology of Fishes",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "April 01, 1992",
            "volume": "33",
            "issue": "4",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "381-387",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10.1007/BF00010950",
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            "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010950",
            "accessDate": "2010-07-14T21:40:43Z",
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            "dateAdded": "2010-08-09T15:59:13Z",
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    },
    {
        "key": "R7ZCFXAH",
        "version": 7878,
        "library": {
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            "name": "Lamprey Ecology",
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Galloway et al.",
            "parsedDate": "1987",
            "numChildren": 1
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "R7ZCFXAH",
            "version": 7878,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Oxygen consumption and responses to hypoxia of ammocoetes of the southern hemisphere lamprey <i>Geotria australis</i>",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "R.",
                    "lastName": "Galloway"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "I.",
                    "lastName": "Potter"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "D.",
                    "lastName": "Macey"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "R.",
                    "lastName": "Hilliard"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Abstract  The standard rate of oxygen consumption of ammocoetes (larvae) ofGeotria australis with a mean weight of c. 0.5 g was 9.6, 31.4 and 59.4l g–1 h–1 at 4.5, 15.5 and 25.0°C respectively, which gives an overall Q10 of 2.4. The regression coefficient for the logarithmic relationship between oxygen consumption and body weight at 15.5°C was 0.704. The ammocoetes ofG. australis have a much lower rate of oxygen consumption at 15.5 and 25.0°C than those of holarctic lampreys. This presumably reflects the lower oxygen delivery pressure to their tissues and helps account for their slow growth rate. At 15.5°C, ammocoetes ofG. australis emerged from the substrate at 21–25 mm Hg and, unlike those of the Northern HemisphereIchthyomyzon greeleyi, died at 14–17 mm Hg. Thus, despite having a thinner water/blood barrier in the gills and blood with a higher oxygen affinity and capacity than holarctic ammocoetes, the larvae ofG. australis cannot survive very low dissolved oxygen tensions. This is apparently related to an inability of larvalG. australis to meet the high oxygen requirements of the respiratory pump at these oxygen tensions. During metamorphosis, oxygen consumption at 15.5°C rose from approximately 27l g–1 h–1 at the beginning of transformation to 33.2l g–1 h–1 by Stage 3 and then rapidly to 66l g–1 h–1 at Stage 6. It remained near this level in Stage 7 and the downstream migrant.",
            "publicationTitle": "Fish Physiology and Biochemistry",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "1987",
            "volume": "4",
            "issue": "2",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "63-72",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02044315",
            "accessDate": "2010-03-19T17:41:05Z",
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            "dateAdded": "2010-08-09T15:59:19Z",
            "dateModified": "2013-05-10T21:08:39Z"
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    },
    {
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            "creatorSummary": "Kelly and King",
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            "version": 7877,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "A Review of the Ecology and Distribution of Three Lamprey Species, <i>Lampetra fluviatilis</i> (L.), <i>Lampetra planeri</i> (Bloch) and <i>Petromyzon marinus</i> (L.): A Context for Conservation and Biodiversity Considerations in Ireland",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Fiona L.",
                    "lastName": "Kelly"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "James J.",
                    "lastName": "King"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Lampreys are distinguished from other fish by their eel-like bodies, round sucker-like mouths, poorly developed fins and by a row of seven breathing holes instead of gills. Most species have a life cycle of several years' duration, involving an adult parasitic feeding phase, an upstream spawning migration of adults and a gradual downstream movement of juvenile stages to silt beds, where they burrow. Following metamorphosis, the young adult lampreys migrate downstream. The three species of lamprey recorded in Ireland are designated in the European Union (EU) Habitats Directive as species requiring conservation within member states. However, the scientific database available to assess the distribution, status, habitat use and conservation requirements of these species in Ireland is very limited and is largely composed of records of known spawning locations, with little by way of a literature on aspects of ecology. This paper provides a context for conservation management and biodiversity considerations with regard to these species in Ireland. It reviews an extensive European and North American literature to provide a detailed and comparative account of lamprey ecology, particularly those riverine stages most likely to be affected by human activity, and points to those areas in which more information is required to form a basis for decision-making with regard to conservation requirements for these species in Ireland.",
            "publicationTitle": "Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Dec., 2001",
            "volume": "101B",
            "issue": "3",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "165-185",
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            "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20500120",
            "accessDate": "2009-12-09T21:49:52Z",
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            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "07917945",
            "archive": "",
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            "shortTitle": "A Review of the Ecology and Distribution of Three Lamprey Species, Lampetra fluviatilis (L.), Lampetra planeri (Bloch) and Petromyzon marinus (L.)",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR",
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            "extra": "ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Dec., 2001 / Copyright © 2001 Royal Irish Academy",
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    },
    {
        "key": "HAWG3PA6",
        "version": 7876,
        "library": {
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Docker and Beamish",
            "parsedDate": "1991-07-01",
            "numChildren": 1
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        "data": {
            "key": "HAWG3PA6",
            "version": 7876,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Growth, fecundity, and egg size of least brook lamprey, <i>Lampetra aepyptera</i>",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Margaret F.",
                    "lastName": "Docker"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "F. William H.",
                    "lastName": "Beamish"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Eight geographically-diverse (33°11'N to 39°14'N) populations of least brook lamprey varied significantly in density of larvae and mean length of metamorphosing and adult lampreys (101–152 mm). Absolute fecundity (503–5900 eggs) did not change significantly with stage of post-larval development, suggesting little post-metamorphic atresia; egg dry weight increased to stage 6, the penultimate stage of metamorphosis. Absolute fecundity increased with the cubic power of total length. Relative fecundity (250–1124 eggs per gram total body weight) decreased significantly with increasing length within two streams. Relative fecundity, adjusted to a common length, increased with mean length of the population. Conversely, mean egg dry weight (0.09–0.24 mg, stages 6–8) increased with maternal length within three streams, and decreased with length among streams. In populations where spawning occurs at a small body size, females produce comparatively fewer but larger eggs. Large eggs may be required to counter the effects of an unproductive environment and the accompanying reduction in relative fecundity is compensatory. No relationship was evident between latitude, annual thermal units, or density and relative fecundity or egg size. Mean length of a population was also unrelated to these environmental factors.",
            "publicationTitle": "Environmental Biology of Fishes",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "July 01, 1991",
            "volume": "31",
            "issue": "3",
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            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "219-227",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Environ. Biol. Fishes",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000688",
            "accessDate": "2010-07-27T19:13:54Z",
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            "creatorSummary": "Nazarov et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2011-06",
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            "version": 7875,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Population structure of arctic lamprey <i>Lethenteron camtschaticum</i> from the Kol River (Western Kamchatka)",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "D. Yu.",
                    "lastName": "Nazarov"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "A. V.",
                    "lastName": "Kucheryavyi"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "K. A.",
                    "lastName": "Savvaitova"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M. A.",
                    "lastName": "Gruzdeva"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "K. V.",
                    "lastName": "Kuzishchin"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "D. S.",
                    "lastName": "Pavlov"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Ichthyology",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "June 2011",
            "volume": "51",
            "issue": "4",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "277-290",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "J. Ichthyol.",
            "DOI": "10.1134/S0032945211030064",
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            "url": "http://www.springerlink.com/content/xj817228r6772611/",
            "accessDate": "2011-06-22T18:00:07Z",
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            "ISSN": "0032-9452",
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            "abstractNote": "The general morphology and precision associated with age determination of statoliths from larval Pacific lampreys Lampetra tridentata and western brook lampreys L. richardsoni found within the Columbia River basin were examined. Significant positive correlations were observed between the size of left and right statoliths from individuals. Principal components analysis indicated an allometric relationship between lamprey length and statolith size as well as a potential species grouping based on these measurements. Discriminant analysis was able to correctly classify more than 94% of Pacific lampreys and 92% of western brook lampreys based on lamprey length and statolith size, and Pacific lamprey statoliths tended to be larger than western brook lamprey statoliths for lampreys of a given size. Reader bias in age estimates of statoliths was greater for older lampreys. Multiple independent age readings of both statoliths from individual lampreys indicated that the overall average percent error was 16.7% for Pacific lampreys and 33.0% for western brook lampreys. Within-individual average percent error ranged from 5.1% to 20.1% among species and readers. Within-reader average percent error ranged from 6.4% to 17.8% among species and readers. The average percent error observed in this study was greater than that observed in studies of other species of lampreys; however, statoliths that were ambiguous or difficult to read were not excluded from this study. In general, the modal separation of age-groups observed in length-frequency distributions for lampreys is poor, as seen in this study; therefore, statolith-based ages may verify or provide better estimates of population age structure. These data demonstrate that estimates of precision are necessary before management actions founded on statolith-based age structure determination are implemented.",
            "publicationTitle": "North American Journal of Fisheries Management",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2005",
            "volume": "25",
            "issue": "1",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "38-48",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "N. Am. J. Fish. Manage.",
            "DOI": "10.1577/M03-184.1",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1577/M03-184.1",
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    {
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            "creatorSummary": "Medland and Beamish",
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Age validation for the mountain brook lamprey, <i>Ichthyomyzon greeleyi</i>",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "T. E.",
                    "lastName": "Medland"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "F. W. H.",
                    "lastName": "Beamish"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "Larval mountain brook lamprey, Ichthyomyzon greeleyi, were collected from Bent Creek in western North Carolina to provide information on the age structure of the population and to validate statolith banding patterns as an aging technique. Larvae were injected with oxytetracycline in winter and held in the laboratory at seasonally adjusted temperatures for 1 yr. Statoliths from these larvae were examined over the course of the study for the presence and persistence of oxytetracycline, and banding patterns which appeared after marking. Oxytetracycline persisted in all statoliths over the course of the study, and one complete annulus was formed on each statolith during the winter period when growth was slow. The larval period of I. greeleyi commences after hatching in late June and persists for 4.2–5.2 yr, with the oldest individuals being predominantly female.",
            "publicationTitle": "Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "1987",
            "volume": "44",
            "issue": "4",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "901-904",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.",
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            "url": "http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/f87-107",
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    {
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            "creatorSummary": "Stone",
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            "version": 7870,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Observations on nest characteristics, spawning habitat, and spawning behavior of Pacific and Western brook lamprey in a Washington stream",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jen",
                    "lastName": "Stone"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "Spawning surveys of Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) and western brook lamprey (L. richardsoni) were conducted in the Cedar Creek drainage, a tributary within the Columbia River basin in Washington State. Twenty-seven surveys were conducted in 2001, 50 in 2002, and 53 in 2003. A total of 237 Pacific lamprey nests and 58 western brook lamprey nests were examined to describe nest characteristics (area, excavation depth, and longevity) and their associated habitat (water depth, water velocity, substrate size, and gradient). Spawning behaviors (timing, adult visibility, and courtship rituals) were evaluated to determine if spawning surveys could be used as an indicator of adult abundance. Pacific lamprey nests were larger in area and were excavated deeper than western brook lamprey nests; on rare occasions the 2 types of nests were found superimposed. Although western brook and Pacific lamprey nests displayed overlap in all habitat parameters, each species primarily exploited resources not readily available to or selected by the other. Additionally, the 2 species exhibited within-basin geographic segregation, spawning in different portions of the drainage with minimal overlap. Habitats used by both species were similar to criteria established for Oncorhynchus spp., and it is likely that restoration projects focusing on improving salmonid spawning habitat will benefit lamprey as well. Spawning surveys can be used to monitor and evaluate nest characteristics, habitat use, and behavior, but due to the variability in the number of adults associated with each nest, more information is required before using them to accurately monitor adult abundance.",
            "publicationTitle": "Northwestern Naturalist",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "December 1, 2006",
            "volume": "87",
            "issue": "3",
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            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "225-232",
            "series": "",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Northwest. Nat.",
            "DOI": "10.1898/1051-1733(2006)87[225:OONCSH]2.0.CO;2",
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            "url": "http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1898/1051-1733(2006)87%5B225:OONCSH%5D2.0.CO;2",
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            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1051-1733",
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            "creatorSummary": "Jang and Lucas",
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Reproductive ecology of the river lamprey",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M.-H.",
                    "lastName": "Jang"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M. C.",
                    "lastName": "Lucas"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "The reproductive ecology of river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis was investigated during the spawning period 2003 in the River Derwent, north-east England. Over this period 1199 ± 104 individuals day−1(mean ± s.d.) were counted on one spawning site (area c. 450 m2), but mark-recapture estimates suggested that >5000 river lamprey used this site over the same period and egg deposition was estimated as 168 000 eggs m−2. The operational sex ratio of river lamprey in spawning clusters changed between spawning phases, from domination by females during the nest-building phase (male : female ratio, 1 : 3·46), to a preponderance of males during the spawning phase (male : female, 1 : 0·37), followed by a return to a majority of females after spawning (male : female, 1 : 3·74). Recapture data showed that >97% of recaptured, tagged males were recorded at two or more nests, whereas almost 50% of recaptured, tagged females were recorded at the same nest, suggesting a promiscuous mating system, with a tendency towards polygyny within the population. Within the lower 80 km of the River Derwent and its tributaries, evidence of river lamprey spawning was found at only six sites, and most spawning (>80% of the observed spawning population) was at one site.",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Fish Biology",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2005",
            "volume": "66",
            "issue": "2",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "499–512",
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            "DOI": "10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00618.x",
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            "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00618.x/abstract",
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            "ISSN": "1095-8649",
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            "language": "en",
            "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library",
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                    "tag": "Lampetra fluviatilis",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "mating system",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "reproductive ecology",
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    {
        "key": "45CKK4MM",
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            "title": "The effect of presernation on urogenital papilla length in the least brook lamprey, <i>Lampetra aepyptera</i>",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Philip A.",
                    "lastName": "Cochran"
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Martin E.",
                    "lastName": "Sneen"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "April 1995",
            "volume": "31",
            "issue": "",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "7-9",
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    {
        "key": "QKHMWAKA",
        "version": 7870,
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            "title": "Early spawning by the American brook lamprey (<i>Lethenteron appendix</i>) in Southeastern Minnesota",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Philip A.",
                    "lastName": "Cochran"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Mark A.",
                    "lastName": "Ross"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Thomas S.",
                    "lastName": "Walker"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Trevor",
                    "lastName": "Biederman"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "Record-setting warm temperatures in the upper Midwest during early 2012 resulted in early spawning by the American Brook Lamprey (Lethenteron appendix) in southeastern Minnesota. American Brook Lampreys in a total of five streams in three drainages spawned up to one month earlier than typical. Mean day of year of spawning groups observed in 2012 was significantly different from the mean for groups observed during the period 2002–2010, but mean water temperature was not significantly different. Limited historical data are not sufficient to show an effect of climate change on spawning phenology because some data are confounded with the effects of latitude and year-to-year variability in thermal regime.",
            "publicationTitle": "The Canadian Field-Naturalist",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2013/01/23",
            "volume": "126",
            "issue": "3",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "204-209",
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            "url": "http://www.canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/cfn/index.php/cfn/article/view/1361",
            "accessDate": "2013-01-29T15:08:41Z",
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            "ISSN": "0008-3550",
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            "language": "en",
            "libraryCatalog": "www.canadianfieldnaturalist.ca",
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            "extra": "Record-setting warm temperatures in the upper Midwest during early 2012 resulted in early spawning by the American Brook Lamprey ( Lethenteron appendix ) in southeastern Minnesota. American Brook Lampreys in a total of five streams in three drainages spawned up to one month earlier than typical. Mean day of year of spawning groups observed in 2012 was significantly different from the mean for groups observed during the period 2002–2010, but mean water temperature was not significantly different. Limited historical data are not sufficient to show an effect of climate change on spawning phenology because some data are confounded with the effects of latitude and year-to-year variability in thermal regime.",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "American Brook Lamprey",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Iowa",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Lampetra appendix",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "Lethenteron appendix",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Minnesota",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Petromyzontidae",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Temperature",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Wisconsin",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "climate",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "reproductive phenology",
                    "type": 1
                },
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                    "tag": "spawning",
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    {
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        "version": 7870,
        "library": {
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Yamazaki et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2001-12-21",
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        "data": {
            "key": "B7MATI9V",
            "version": 7870,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Interspecific differences in egg size and fecundity among Japanese lampreys",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Yuji",
                    "lastName": "Yamazaki"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Satoshi",
                    "lastName": "Konno"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Akira",
                    "lastName": "Goto"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "In many freshwater fishes, in order to clarify the evolution of life-history characteristics by species, variations in reproductive traits have been examined between intra- and interspecific populations, revealing such life-history polymorphism as anadromous and fluvial forms.1–6 In lampreys, Malmqvist7 noted that the largest absolute egg sizes have been exhibited in parasitic, anadromous species having the greatest body size at maturity, although non-parasitic, fluvial species have larger eggs relative to body size. Gross3 also reported that fluvial lampreys had slightly larger eggs than anadromous lampreys. Although the genus Lethenteron includes both parasitic anadromous L. japonicum and non-parasitic fluvial L. kessleri, plus the northern and southern forms of L. reissneri, 8,9 a few reproductive traits such as egg size and fecundity (clutch size), have been reported for those taxa.7 According to the lamprey speciation hypothesis, that non-parasitic fluvial species have been derived from congeneric parasitic anadromous species,10 in the monophyletic group comprising the three taxa mentioned above, L. kessleri and the northern form of L. reissneri may have evolved separately from ancestral stocks of L. japonicum.9,11 In the present study, egg size and fecundity were examined and compared among four Lethenteron taxa collected from Japan, in order to elucidate their evolutionary patterns of life-history traits.",
            "publicationTitle": "Fisheries Science",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "21 December 2001",
            "volume": "67",
            "issue": "2",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "375-377",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Fish. Sci.",
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Experimental Hybridization among Five Species of Lampreys from the Great Lakes",
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "George W.",
                    "lastName": "Piavis"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "John H.",
                    "lastName": "Howell"
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                    "firstName": "Allen J.",
                    "lastName": "Smith"
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            "abstractNote": "Experimental hybridization among five species of lampreys of the Upper Great Lakes routinely produced embryos through stage 8, and four crosses produced embryos to the larval stage. Three critical periods in the embryogenesis of hybrid lampreys were between stages 8 and 9, among stages 10, 11, and 12, and at stage 15. Embryonic development in hybrid lamprey embryos is basically identical to that of controls and is identical to that of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Synchrony of development was observed among stages of viable hybrids and their controls but lethal hybrids generally did not maintain such synchrony. The derivative species concept has been confirmed experimentally. Questions have been raised concerning some evidence cited in behalf of the appropriateness of the concept that nonparasitic lampreys are the derived species.",
            "publicationTitle": "Copeia",
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            "place": "",
            "date": "March 02, 1970",
            "volume": "1970",
            "issue": "1",
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            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "29-37",
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            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10.2307/1441972",
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            "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/1441972",
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            "extra": "ArticleType: research-article / Full publication date: Mar. 2, 1970 / Copyright © 1970 American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists",
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            "creatorSummary": "Monette and Renaud",
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            "version": 7870,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "The gular pouch in northern hemisphere parasitic lampreys (Petromyzontidae)",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "S N.",
                    "lastName": "Monette"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "C B.",
                    "lastName": "Renaud"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "The gular pouch is a large structure, of unknown function, that is present in sexually mature males of two parasitic species of southern-hemisphere lampreys. Our study showed the presence of a similar structure, of much smaller size, in both spawning and prespawning males and females in seven parasitic species of northern-hemisphere lampreys. Homology between the structure present in southern-hemisphere and northern-hemisphere lampreys was established based on the position of the pouch in the gular region and the fact that northern-hemisphere and southern-hemisphere lampreys have a sister-group relationship. The presence of lipids in the gular pouch was established in prespawning specimens of Entosphenus tridentatus (Gairdner in Richardson, 1836) and Petromyzon marinus L., 1758. The proposed hypothesis is that these lipids act as an energy source to sustain these two anadromous species during their protracted spawning migration. The hypothesis that the gular pouch is used to help carry stones for nest building was tentatively rejected pending further testing, because despite having a much smaller gular pouch, P. marinus has been observed carrying much larger stones than those carried by Geotria australis Gray, 1851. The statistically significant difference in gular-pouch volume between spawning males and females of P. marinus suggests that males use their larger pouch for courtship display. The gular pouch possessed a single lumen in the genera Ichthyomyzon Girard, 1858, Petromyzon L., 1758, and Caspiomyzon Berg, 1906, as in southern-hemisphere lampreys, whereas it comprised two lumens in the genera Entosphenus Gill, 1862 and Lampetra Bonnaterre, 1788. This is phylogenetically significant, as the two lumen gular pouch, interpreted as the derived condition, identifies a major clade of northern-hemisphere lampreys.La poche gulaire est une structure importante, dont la fonction est inconnue, que l'on retrouve chez les mâles matures de deux espèces parasites de lamproies de l'hémisphère sud. Notre étude révèle la présence d'une structure semblable, mais de moindre importance, chez les mâles et les femelles, immatures et en état de fraie, de sept espèces parasites de l'hémisphère nord. L'homologie entre ces structures chez les lamproies des deux hémisphères a été établie par leur position dans la région gulaire et par le fait que les lamproies des deux hémisphères ont une relation de groupe frère. La présence de lipides a été établie dans la poche gulaire de spécimens immatures d'Entosphenus tridentatus (Gairdner in Richardson, 1836) et de Petromyzon marinus L., 1758. L'hypothèse proposée veut que ces lipides servent de source d'énergie durant la longue migration de fraie de ces deux espèces anadromes. L'hypothèse selon laquelle la poche gulaire facilite le transport de pierres servant à la fabrication du nid est rejetée de façon provisoire en attendant des données additionelles, car malgré une poche gulaire beaucoup plus petite, P. marinus a été observé transportant des pierres beaucoup plus grosses que Geotria australis Gray, 1851. La différence statistiquement significative dans le volume de la poche gulaire entre les mâles et les femelles de P. marinus à la fraie laisse croire que les mâles se servent de leur plus grande poche pour s'afficher durant la parade nuptiale. La poche gulaire possède un seul compartiment chez les genres Ichthyomyzon Girard, 1858, Petromyzon L., 1758 et Caspiomyzon Berg, 1906, tout comme chez les lamproies de l'hémisphère sud, tandis qu'elle en possède deux chez les genres Entosphenus Gill, 1862 et Lampetra Bonnaterre, 1788. Cette observation est importante du point de vue phylogénétique car la poche gulaire à deux compartiments est considérée comme étant la condition avancée et qu'elle sert à identifier un clade important de lamproies de l'hémisphère nord.",
            "publicationTitle": "Canadian Journal of Zoology",
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            "date": "2005",
            "volume": "83",
            "issue": "4",
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            "pages": "527-535",
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            "title": "Survival and rates of predation for juvenile Pacific lamprey migrating through the Wells hydroelectric project (Juvenile lamprey study)",
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