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This attractive set of suggestions is ruined by irresoluable ambiguities, truncation of reason's resources and of public discourse just when they are most needed, and incipient capitulation to some radical injustices. But public reason may nonetheless be an opportune phrase for conveying the gist of four permanently valid theses in the classical political thought that develops from Socrates/Plato to Aquinas and beyond. That tradition has been significantly modified by recognition that a human right to immunity of religious beliefs and acts from coercion extends - precisely by reason of the importance of finding and adhering to the truth about the divine source of reality and value - to mistaken as well as correct religious beliefs and practices. That immunity is subject to limitations necessary to preserve public order; likewise, a religion's legitimacy as a source of reasons for public actions is dependent on its willingness to foster genuine public discourse. Analogously, a political or legal philosophy's rational warrant is dependent on the compatibility of its theses with the worth of authentic discourse and the support they give to institutions, including the rule of law, which favour such discourse. Habermas's account of discourse ethics fails by overlooking some truths about discourse, truth and friendship that Plato made clear in Gorgias. And (the rule of) law, too, is most adequately understood as a product and articulation of public reason.", "reportNumber": "1/2007", "reportType": "Oxford Legal Studies Research Paper", "institution": "", "place": "", "date": "2006/04/01", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=955815", "accessDate": "2013-11-06T06:47:07Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "papers.ssrn.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Habermas", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "discourse ethics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "freedom of religious belief and practice", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "legal philosophy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "public reason", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "rule of law", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-06T08:20:06Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-06T08:20:06Z" } }, { "key": "F3JAXRI7", 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"library": { "type": "group", "id": 229950, "name": "OSCOLA Samples", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/oscola_samples", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/229950/items/7EEHWKIR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/oscola_samples/items/7EEHWKIR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2433, "username": "adamsmith", "name": "Sebastian Karcher", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/adamsmith", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7EEHWKIR", "version": 2, "itemType": "case", "caseName": "Barrett v Enfield LBC", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "court": "HL", "dateDecided": "", "docketNumber": "", "reporter": "AC", "reporterVolume": "[2001] 2", "firstPage": "550", "history": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "shortTitle": "Barrett", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-06T08:20:06Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-06T08:20:06Z" } }, { "key": "B9CW28WM", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 229950, "name": "OSCOLA Samples", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/oscola_samples", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/229950/items/B9CW28WM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/oscola_samples/items/B9CW28WM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2433, "username": "adamsmith", "name": "Sebastian Karcher", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/adamsmith", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "B9CW28WM", "version": 2, "itemType": "case", "caseName": "Corr v IBC Vehicles Ltd", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "court": "UKHL", "dateDecided": "2008", 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"creatorSummary": "Pila", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GUVGSUQI", "version": 2, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "The Value of Authorship in the Digital Environment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Justine", "lastName": "Pila" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "name": "William H Dutton" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Paul W", "lastName": "Jeffreys" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "World Wide Research: Reshaping the Sciences and Humanities in the Century of Information", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2010", "publisher": "MIT Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "214-217", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-06T08:20:06Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-06T08:20:06Z" } }, { "key": "GGWBDSTV", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 229950, "name": "OSCOLA Samples", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/oscola_samples", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/229950/items/GGWBDSTV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/oscola_samples/items/GGWBDSTV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2433, "username": "adamsmith", "name": "Sebastian Karcher", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/adamsmith", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Green", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GGWBDSTV", "version": 2, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Legal Positivism", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Leslie", "lastName": "Green" } ], "abstractNote": "Legal positivism is the thesis that the existence and content of lawdepends on social facts and not on its merits. The English jurist JohnAustin (1790-1859) formulated it thus: “The existence of law isone thing; its merit and demerit another. Whether it be or be not isone enquiry; whether it be or be not conformable to an assumedstandard, is a different enquiry.” (1832, p. 157) The positivistthesis does not say that law's merits are unintelligible, unimportant,or peripheral to the philosophy of law. It says that they do notdetermine whether laws or legal systems exist. Whether asociety has a legal system depends on the presence of certainstructures of governance, not on the extent to which it satisfiesideals of justice, democracy, or the rule of law. What laws are inforce in that system depends on what social standards its officialsrecognize as authoritative; for example, legislative enactments,judicial decisions, or social customs. The fact that a policy would bejust, wise, efficient, or prudent is never sufficient reason forthinking that it is actually the law, and the fact that it is unjust,unwise, inefficient or imprudent is never sufficient reason fordoubting it. According to positivism, law is a matter of what has beenposited (ordered, decided, practiced, tolerated, etc.); as we might sayin a more modern idiom, positivism is the view that law is a socialconstruction. Austin thought the thesis “simple andglaring.” While it is probably the dominant view amonganalytically inclined philosophers of law, it is also the subject ofcompeting interpretations together with persistent criticisms andmisunderstandings., (IP) It is not necessarily the case that there is a connectionbetween law and morality.", "bookTitle": "The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "Fall edn", "date": "2009", "publisher": "", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2009/entries/legal-positivism/", "accessDate": "2013-11-06T04:26:12Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "(IP) It is not necessarily the case that there is a connectionbetween law and morality., I thank Brian Leiter and Liam Murphy for helpful discussion.", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-06T08:20:06Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-06T08:20:06Z" } }, { "key": "A29HPU9P", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 229950, "name": "OSCOLA Samples", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/oscola_samples", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/229950/items/A29HPU9P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/oscola_samples/items/A29HPU9P", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2433, "username": "adamsmith", "name": "Sebastian Karcher", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/adamsmith", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "von Bar", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": 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Austin thought the thesis “simple andglaring.” While it is probably the dominant view amonganalytically inclined philosophers of law, it is also the subject ofcompeting interpretations together with persistent criticisms andmisunderstandings., (IP) It is not necessarily the case that there is a connectionbetween law and morality.", "encyclopediaTitle": "The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "Fall edn", "date": "2009", "publisher": "", "place": "", "pages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2009/entries/legal-positivism/", "accessDate": "2013-11-06T04:26:12Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "(IP) It is not necessarily the case that there is a connectionbetween law and morality., I 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