[ { "key": "PE6BIXUX", "version": 66, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/PE6BIXUX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/PE6BIXUX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "1998-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PE6BIXUX", "version": 66, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A perspective on methods for analysis of measured energy data from commercial buildings", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "This paper provides a historical perspective on the methods used to analyze measured energy use in commercial buildings. It summarizes the capabilities and uncertainties of the regression methods used in most measurement and verification (M&V) applications today and the calibrated simulation approaches used for M&V, commissioning, and end-use disaggregation. The need for graphical indices is introduced and applications of artificial neural networks, Fourier series and spectral analysis methods for M&V and data acquisition are described.", "publicationTitle": "Transactions of the ASME. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1998 Aug.", "volume": "120", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "150-154", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Trans. ASME, J. Sol. Energy Eng. (USA)", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "INSPEC:6134303", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-05T16:51:42Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-05T16:51:42Z" } }, { "key": "QCEFMM7N", "version": 65, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/QCEFMM7N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/QCEFMM7N", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dong et al.", "parsedDate": "2005-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QCEFMM7N", "version": 65, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A holistic utility bill analysis method for baselining whole commercial building energy consumption in Singapore", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Dong" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. E.", "lastName": "Lee" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. H.", "lastName": "Sapar" } ], "abstractNote": "The methodology for baseline building energy consumption is well established for energy saving calculation in the temperate zone both for performance-based energy retrofitting contracts and measurement and verification (M&V) projects. In most cases, statistical regression models based on utility bills and outdoor dry-bulb temperature have been applied to baseline monthly and annual whole building energy use. This paper presents a holistic utility bills analysis method for baseline whole building energy consumption in the tropical region. Six commercial buildings in Singapore were selected for case studies. Correlationships between the climate data, which are monthly mean outdoor dry-bulb temperature (T-0), relative humidity (RH) and global solar radiation (GSR), and whole building energy consumption are derived. A deep prediction study based monthly mean outdoor dry-bulb temperature (T-0) and whole building energy consumption is stated. The result shows that variations of the energy consumption in most of these buildings are contributed by T-0 and can be well predicted at 90% confidence level only with it. The analysis of such kind of model is especially useful for building managers, owners and ESCOs to track and baseline energy use during pre-retrofit and post-retrofit periods in the tropical condition. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "Energy and Buildings", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "FEB 2005", "volume": "37", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "167-174", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Build.", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.06.011", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0378-7788", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000225306100007", "tags": [ { "tag": "Singapore", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "baseline model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "climate data", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "regression analysis", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-05T16:51:13Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-05T16:51:13Z" } }, { "key": "ZXGV8H4K", "version": 64, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/ZXGV8H4K", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/ZXGV8H4K", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ginestet and Marchio", "parsedDate": "2010-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZXGV8H4K", "version": 64, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Retro and on-going commissioning tool applied to an existing building: Operability and results of IPMVP", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Ginestet" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Marchio" } ], "abstractNote": "The new building thermal regulations, mainly published to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, leads to a continuous improvement of building envelopes. On the other hand, the technical performance of the air-conditioning plants, ensured by commissioning procedures, becomes a key point for the control of energy needs in buildings. The essential work of Annex 40 of the International Agency of the Energy reports on \"Commissioning of Building HVAC systems for Improved Energy Performance\". In this annex, the test of the IPMVP, International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol, which is a significant and commonly used tool, is carried out among many others. This paper aims to present and detail the methodology of the IPMVP application and the results of four different calculation options applied to an existing building equipped with an innovative HVAC device, where outdoor airflow rate is controlled by indoor CO(2) rate. This work provides a helpful advice to the energy service company to determine the most adequate option in terms of accuracy, cost and speed of execution according to the available parameters (measurements, software) and the energy saving measure. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "APR 2010", "volume": "35", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1717-1723", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.energy.2009.12.024", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0360-5442", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Retro and on-going commissioning tool applied to an existing building", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000277218100026", "tags": [ { "tag": "Commissioning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy efficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tools operability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "air-quality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ipmvp", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "simulation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-05T16:50:30Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-05T16:50:30Z" } }, { "key": "2AM3U7MA", "version": 63, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/2AM3U7MA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/2AM3U7MA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Granderson et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2AM3U7MA", "version": 63, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Building energy information systems: user case studies", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jessica", "lastName": "Granderson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mary Ann", "lastName": "Piette" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Girish", "lastName": "Ghatikar" } ], "abstractNote": "Measured energy performance data are essential to national efforts to improve building efficiency, as evidenced in recent benchmarking mandates, and in a growing body of work that indicates the value of permanent monitoring and energy information feedback. This paper presents case studies of energy information systems (EIS) at four enterprises and university campuses, focusing on the attained energy savings, and successes and challenges in technology use and integration. EIS are broadly defined as performance monitoring software, data acquisition hardware, and communication systems to store, analyze, and display building energy information. Case investigations showed that the most common energy savings and instances of waste concerned scheduling errors, measurement and verification, and inefficient operations. Data quality is critical to effective EIS use, and is most challenging at the subsystem or component level, and with non-electric energy sources. Sophisticated prediction algorithms may not be well understood but can be applied quite effectively, and sites with custom benchmark models or metrics are more likely to perform analyses external to the EIS. Finally, resources and staffing were identified as a universal challenge, indicating a need to identify additional models of EIS use that extend beyond exclusive in-house use, to analysis services.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Efficiency", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "FEB 2011", "volume": "4", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "17-30", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Effic.", "DOI": "10.1007/s12053-010-9084-4", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1570-646X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Building energy information systems", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000293067800003", "tags": [ { "tag": "Anomaly detection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Baselining", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Benchmarking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diagnostics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy efficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy information system", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Enterprise energy management", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Performance monitoring", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Web-based energy management and control system", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-05T16:50:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-05T16:50:04Z" } }, { "key": "FCXD7KT8", "version": 62, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/FCXD7KT8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/FCXD7KT8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FCXD7KT8", "version": 62, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Energy Management at Albuquerque Schools: Lessons Learned", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Energy consumption data analysis is arguably the most important tool in an energy management program. The Albuquerque Public Schools (APS) district has 139 schools, 89,500 students, 14 million square feet, and an annual energy bill of $14 million. The present analysis reviewed several energy-use indexes and compared them among all APS schools. Facilities with high and low energy consumption were identified, and benchmarks were established. Schools with high energy use were targeted for energy efficiency retrofits and evaluated to determine the likely reasons for the higher usage. One finding was that older schools typically use less electricity per square foot. Facilities that had energy efficiency modifications were monitored for savings. Variables in the analysis included building age, HVAC system type, type of energy efficiency modification, and time of use. HVAC equipment time controls yielded reductions in off-peak electricity usage, whereas lighting retrofits yielded reductions in on-peak usage. The analysis of utility billing data presented here will be more effective when submetering data from measurement and verification in Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) projects are included. APS's current energy management program began in the early 1990s. Initially, the program concentrated on three measures: time control of HVAC equipment, lighting retrofits, and HVAC system improvements. In 2001, the district developed and implemented a financial incentive program in which one-third of a school's energy savings is paid to the school. The district has achieved mixed results, some very good, some more modest. A major success was a 25% reduction in electricity usage per square foot for high schools. Another success was a 66% reduction in electricity usage at an elementary school. The incentive program has been successful, delivering approximately $250,000 in savings to schools in 2009. A new challenge is the district's increased use of refrigerated air conditioning systems in new schools. This will result in more energy use but presents additional opportunities for energy savings by keeping the higher use to a minimum. The analyses also included preliminary performance of LEED schools, comparisons of modeled with actual usage, and comparisons of APS schools with federal EPA Target Finder and CBECS data.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Engineering", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "109", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "7-39", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Eng. (USA)", "DOI": "10.1080/01998595.2012.10510710", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Energy Management at Albuquerque Schools", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "INSPEC:13594847", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-05T16:49:33Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-05T16:49:33Z" } }, { "key": "X5BD4QMZ", "version": 61, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/X5BD4QMZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/X5BD4QMZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2012-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "X5BD4QMZ", "version": 61, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Gaussian process modeling for measurement and verification of building energy savings", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "We present a Gaussian process (GP) modeling framework to determine energy savings and uncertainty levels in measurement and verification (M&V) practices. Existing M&V guidelines provide savings calculation procedures based on linear regression techniques that are limited in their predictive and uncertainty estimation capabilities. We demonstrate that, unlike linear regression, GP models can capture complex nonlinear and multivariable interactions as well as multiresolution trends of energy behavior. In addition, because GP models are developed under a Bayesian setting, they can capture different sources of uncertainty in a more systematic way. We demonstrate that these capabilities can ultimately lead to significantly less expensive M&V practices. We illustrate the developments using simulated and real data settings. [All rights reserved Elsevier].", "publicationTitle": "Energy and Buildings", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012 Oct.", "volume": "53", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "7-18", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Build. (Switzerland)", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.06.024", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "INSPEC:13472081", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-05T16:49:02Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-05T16:49:02Z" } }, { "key": "RMZKF7NP", "version": 60, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/RMZKF7NP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/RMZKF7NP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ke et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RMZKF7NP", "version": 60, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Analysis of building energy consumption parameters and energy savings measurement and verification by applying eQUEST software", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ming-Tsun", "lastName": "Ke" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chia-Hung", "lastName": "Yeh" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jhong-Ting", "lastName": "Jian" } ], "abstractNote": "This study examines the Energy-Saving Performance Contract (ESPC) of an office building by applying IPMVP Option D in combination with the energy analysis model established for the building by eQUEST simulation software to calibrate energy consumption simulation results using actual electricity billing data. The rates of error between actual values and energy consumption simulation results from the calibrated and uncalibrated models are then explored to confirm the accuracy of the calibrated model. Finally, the calibrated model is used to examine the impact of energy consumption parameter changes on the overall energy consumption in a building. The results indicate that, compared to actual energy consumption, the mean bias error (MBE) and root mean square error (RMSE) for uncalibrated simulation results are 24.48% and 125,050, whereas the MBE and RMSE for calibrated simulation is 0.37% and 34,197. When lighting power density increases or decreases by 50%, overall energy consumption decreases by 30.78% or increases by 31.19%, respectively. Therefore, illumination density has the greatest impact on energy consumption. This study also recommends that accurate parameter settings be confirmed when using IPMVP Option D simulation verification to ensure a highly accurate building energy consumption model, thereby facilitating the Measurement and Verification (M&V) of energy savings. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "Energy and Buildings", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JUN 2013", "volume": "61", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "100-107", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Build.", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.02.012", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0378-7788", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000320485500012", "tags": [ { "tag": "Calibrated energy simulation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Commercial buildings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy Saving Performance Contract (ESPC)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Measurement and Verification (M&V)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "design", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "envelope", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "film", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "performance", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-05T16:48:37Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-05T16:48:37Z" } }, { "key": "E8HI2TT4", "version": 60, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/E8HI2TT4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/E8HI2TT4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Park et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "E8HI2TT4", "version": 60, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Methodological approach for calibration of building energy performance simulation models applied to a common \"measurement and verification\" process", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sumee", "lastName": "Park" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Victor", "lastName": "Norrefeldt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sebastian", "lastName": "Stratbuecker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yong-Sung", "lastName": "Jang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gunnar", "lastName": "Gruen" } ], "abstractNote": "A big challenge for energy savings performance contracting projects is the transparent and reliable determination of the energy consumption before and after retrofitting. This process, the so called measurement and verification (M&V) process, can be performed by means of calibrating simulation models with measured data, e.g. the energy bill data. There are guidelines for reporting and conducting this procedure. According to reports from case studies, it seems that they are carried out using several different approaches. The main goal of this work is to develop a consistent, practical approach for the M&V process. The approach supports visual inspection methods, parametric studies, and optimization methods. The visual inspection method can help to understand characteristics of a specific building depending on an input parameter change via graphs. However, the visual inspection method requires an extensive effort for this trial and error process and it is strongly dependent upon the users' experience. The automated parametric study can be applied both for calibration and sensitivity analysis of uncertain parameters. The big challenge for the practical use is the need for automating the process due to an enormous number of simulation cases and the required skills in applied statistics. Optimization algorithms quickly provide the user with a quantitatively best solution. However, they do not analyze the actual problems and therefore do not contribute to an understanding of the system under consideration. Furthermore, results should be examined carefully because the optimization may produce mathematically correct but physically meaningless results. Due to the present advantages and disadvantages of these methods, a calibration tool including all three methods would be desirable in order to predict the impact of energy efficient retrofitting projects.", "publicationTitle": "Bauphysik", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "AUG 2013", "volume": "35", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "235-241", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Bauphysik", "DOI": "10.1002/bapi.201310070", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0171-5445", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000323232700002", "tags": [ { "tag": "systems", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-05T16:48:18Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-05T16:48:18Z" } }, { "key": "AK3T9MSM", "version": 59, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/AK3T9MSM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/AK3T9MSM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hitchcock", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AK3T9MSM", "version": 59, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Software interoperability in support of whole-building performance assurance", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. J.", "lastName": "Hitchcock" } ], "abstractNote": "Whole-building integrated design and operations can result in buildings that are of overall higher quality and performance throughout their useful life. This approach requires the repeated evaluation of building performance from multiple perspectives, as well as the communication Of evaluation results between project participants over time. The resources necessary for employing sophisticated simulation tools in this process have historically been prohibitive. The alternative of making design and operation decisions based on rules-of-thumb and simplified methods can lead to suboptimal performance. Even when individual participants do employ simulation, the results are seldom communicated between participants to assure whole-building performance across the life-cycle. Software interoperability proffers a partial solution to these problems by defining a common data model for exchanging a comprehensive set of building data between software tools and their users. This paper discusses software interoperability capable of supporting data exchange between project participants and their tools across the building life-cycle. An overview is given of the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), a common data model developed by the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI). A working implementation example of software interoperability including CAD, energy simulation, and performance metric tracking tools is presented within a context of life-cycle information management intended to support whole-building performance assurance.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Architectural and Planning Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "WIN 2004", "volume": "21", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "303-311", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Archit. Plan. Res.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0738-0895", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "CCC:000226033600004", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-05T16:36:42Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-05T16:36:42Z" } }, { "key": "NNEJ6EG3", "version": 57, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/NNEJ6EG3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/NNEJ6EG3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sanders and Collins", "parsedDate": "1996", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NNEJ6EG3", "version": 57, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Post-occupancy evaluation of the Forrestal building", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. A.", "lastName": "Sanders" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B. L.", "lastName": "Collins" } ], "abstractNote": "A post-occupancy evaluation was performed on the Department of Energy Headquarters Building (the Forrestal Building) in Washington, DC. The lighting in the building was retrofited with new more energy-efficient components to meet energy guidelines. Occupant responses to the indoor environmental conditions, particularly the lighting, were studied to determine the impact of the relighting on the building inhabitants. In addition, physical measures of the lighting and other environmental conditions before and after the relighting were compared. The post-occupancy evaluation employed a questionnaire about the environmental conditions and physical measures of the space (lighting, space, noise, temperature, etc.). A total of 244/220 people participated (before and after the relighting, respectively). Physical measures were taken at 100 work stations before the relighting and 75 after. Analysis of the physical measure ment data indicated generally higher lighting levels with more even distribution of luminances in the offices. Occupant response to the changes in the lighting was generally quite positive. The relighting was perceived to have improved the appearance of the building substantially, as well as the lighting within individual work stations.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "SUM 1996", "volume": "25", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "89-&", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Illum. Eng. Soc.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0099-4480", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:A1996VB26900038", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-05T16:31:55Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-05T16:31:55Z" } }, { "key": "PQJF6JQ4", "version": 56, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/PQJF6JQ4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/PQJF6JQ4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zimmerman and Martin", "parsedDate": "2001", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PQJF6JQ4", "version": 56, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Post-occupancy evaluation: benefits and barriers", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Zimmerman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Martin" } ], "abstractNote": "Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is examined within a North American perspective. Benefits from using POE are examined and include: a feedback loop to enhance continuous improvement processes, improved fit between occupants and their buildings, the optimization of services to suit occupants, the reduction of waste of space and energy, validation of occupants' real needs, reduced ownership/operational expenses, improved competitive advantage in the marketplace. The barriers to implementing POE are found to include: fragmented incentives and benefits within the procurement and operation processes, lack of agreed and reliable indicators, potential liability for owners, exclusion from current delivery expectations, exclusion from professional curricula. Recommendations for overcoming these barriers are made at governmental, institutional, corporate and project levels.", "publicationTitle": "Building Research and Information", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2001", "volume": "29", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "168-174", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Build. Res. Informat.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0961-3218", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Post-occupancy evaluation", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000167893700009", "tags": [ { "tag": "North America", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "benchmarks", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "customer focus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "feedback", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "innovation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "post-occupancy evaluation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sustainability", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-05T16:20:06Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-05T16:20:06Z" } }, { "key": "JXZ2GV7B", "version": 55, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/JXZ2GV7B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/JXZ2GV7B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fisk", "parsedDate": "2001-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JXZ2GV7B", "version": 55, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Sustainable development and post-occupancy evaluation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Fisk" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Building Research and Information", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "NOV 2001", "volume": "29", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "466-468", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Build. Res. Informat.", "DOI": "10.1080/09613210110072665", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0961-3218", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000171959900009", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-05T16:19:31Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-05T16:19:31Z" } }, { "key": "AMI7GUT4", "version": 54, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/AMI7GUT4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/AMI7GUT4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bordass and Leaman", "parsedDate": "2005-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AMI7GUT4", "version": 54, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Making feedback and post-occupancy evaluation routine 3: Case studies of the use of techniques in the feedback portfolio", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Bordass" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Leaman" } ], "abstractNote": "Although there is increasing interest in building performance, the people who procure, design and construct buildings seldom engage closely with the performance of the buildings they have created. This paper outlines the results of 14 case studies where designers and their clients used one or more techniques chosen from a portfolio of ten to evaluate their buildings or processes at any stage in the life cycle of a project. It is revealed that considerable value could be obtained for relatively low effort, helping to improve both the performance of the building concerned and the skills and insights of the participants; and that there was value in using established techniques that were robust, cost-effective and had benchmarks available where appropriate. It proved easier to undertake a survey than to get people together to discuss their experience. However, after the procurement process had started, it proved difficult to incorporate feedback, because everyone was already committed to a particular mode of operation.", "publicationTitle": "Building Research and Information", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JUL-AUG 2005", "volume": "33", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "361-375", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Build. Res. Informat.", "DOI": "10.1080/09613210500162032", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0961-3218", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Making feedback and post-occupancy evaluation routine 3", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000231960800006", "tags": [ { "tag": "case studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "client satisfaction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "design quality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "feedback", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "innovation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "learning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "post-occupancy evaluation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "process improvement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "professional services", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quality control", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "techniques", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "user group", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-05T16:15:24Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-05T16:15:24Z" } }, { "key": "NZ3TFQTI", "version": 53, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/NZ3TFQTI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/NZ3TFQTI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Way and Bordass", "parsedDate": "2005-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NZ3TFQTI", "version": 53, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Making feedback and post-occupancy evaluation routine 2: Soft Landings - involving design and building teams in improving performance", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Way" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Bordass" } ], "abstractNote": "Once a building is physically complete, designers and builders move on to the next project. Few of them stay around to learn from what they have done and pass on their insights to the occupants. 'Soft Landings' aims to extend the scope of service so that feedback and follow-through can become natural parts of the delivery of a project. It increases designer and constructor involvement before and after handover, and points the 'supply sided to more involvement with users and a careful assessment of building performance in use. The objective is more certainty in delivering buildings that achieve a close match between the expectations of clients and users and the predictions of the design team. A Soft Landings team (designer and builder) is resident on site during the move-in period in order to deal with emerging issues more effectively. It then monitors building use and energy performance for the first three years of occupation: identifying opportunities both for fine-tuning the building and for future projects. This process also creates a coordinated route to post-occupancy evaluation. The cost of the extra work is relatively small and can be balanced against gains from the learning process, less rework and better client references. Soft Landings does not require wide-scale revision of industry-standard documentation: a licensed Scope of Service document set can stand alongside most existing procurement processes.", "publicationTitle": "Building Research and Information", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JUL-AUG 2005", "volume": "33", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "353-360", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Build. Res. Informat.", "DOI": "10.1080/09613210500162008", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0961-3218", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Making feedback and post-occupancy evaluation routine 2", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000231960800005", "tags": [ { "tag": "Building performance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "client satisfaction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "design quality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "feedback", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "innovation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "involvement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "learning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "predictability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "process improvement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "professional services", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "project delivery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quality control", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-05T16:14:58Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-05T16:14:58Z" } }, { "key": "BT5NDN8Q", "version": 52, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/BT5NDN8Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/BT5NDN8Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Newsham et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BT5NDN8Q", "version": 52, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Do LEED-certified buildings save energy? Yes, but ...", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Guy R.", "lastName": "Newsham" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sandra", "lastName": "Mancini" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Benjamin J.", "lastName": "Birt" } ], "abstractNote": "We conducted a re-analysis of data supplied by the New Buildings Institute and the US Green Buildings Council on measured energy use data from 100 LEED-certified commercial and institutional buildings. These data were compared to the energy use of the general US commercial building stock. We also examined energy use by LEED certification level, and by energy-related credits achieved in the certification process. On average, LEED buildings used 18-39% less energy per floor area than their conventional counterparts. However, 28-35% of LEED buildings used more energy than their conventional counterparts. Further, the measured energy performance of LEED buildings had little correlation with certification level of the building, or the number of energy credits achieved by the building at design time. Therefore, at a societal level, green buildings can contribute substantial energy savings, but further work needs to be done to define green building rating schemes to ensure more consistent success at the individual building level. Note, these findings should be considered as preliminary, and the analyses should be repeated when longer data histories from a larger sample of green buildings are available. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "Energy and Buildings", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "AUG 2009", "volume": "41", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "897-905", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Build.", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.03.014", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0378-7788", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Do LEED-certified buildings save energy?", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000267620300012", "tags": [ { "tag": "Commercial buildings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Post-occupancy evaluation (POE)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "green buildings", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-31T22:31:57Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-31T22:31:57Z" } }, { "key": "W4KRG3MW", "version": 51, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/W4KRG3MW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/W4KRG3MW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Scofield", "parsedDate": "2009-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "W4KRG3MW", "version": 51, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Do LEED-certified buildings save energy? Not really ...", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John H.", "lastName": "Scofield" } ], "abstractNote": "Newsham et al. have recently published a re-analysis of energy-consumption data for LEED-certified commercial buildings supplied by the New Buildings Institute (NBI) and US Green Building Council. They find that, on average, LEED buildings use 18-39% less energy per floor area than their conventional counterparts, consistent with and adding clarity to conclusions originally reached by NBI. These conclusions, however, hang on a particular definition of the mean energy intensity of a collection of buildings that is not related to the total energy used by those buildings. Furthermore, site energy considered by Newsham et al. and NBI, unlike source energy used for the EPA's building Energy Star rating, does not account for the energy consumed off-site in generating and delivering electric energy to the building, whose inclusion is crucial for understanding greenhouse gas emission associated with building operation. Here I demonstrate that both the site energy and source energy used by the set of 35 LEED office buildings and Newsham et al.'s matching CBECS office buildings are statistically equivalent. Hence Newsham et al. offer no evidence that LEED-certification has collectively lowered either site or source energy for office buildings. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "Energy and Buildings", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 2009", "volume": "41", "issue": "12", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1386-1390", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Build.", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.08.006", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0378-7788", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Do LEED-certified buildings save energy?", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000271260600015", "tags": [ { "tag": "Commercial buildings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Post-occupancy evaluation (POE)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Source energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "green buildings", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-31T22:30:47Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-31T22:30:47Z" } }, { "key": "HDZF8UM5", "version": 50, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/HDZF8UM5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/HDZF8UM5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HDZF8UM5", "version": 50, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Building performance analysis model using Post Occupancy Evaluation for energy-efficient building in Malaysia: A review", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "There exists a well-known gap between predicted and actual performance of energy-efficient buildings. In order to maintain the performance of energy-efficient building in Malaysia, a comprehensive evaluation method is needed to analyze energy-efficient design from user's perspective. However most of the evaluations research done on energy-efficient building performance is not comprehensive enough; those studies are only focused on users' attitude toward building performance criteria. A comprehensive building performance diagnostic technique, Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) may surpass the comprehensives of the current evaluation method and reduce the gap between users and building's energy-efficient design. For these reasons, the aim of this research is to evaluate the performance of energy-efficient building in Malaysia by identifying the problems affecting the performance of energy-efficient design through POE. The objectives of this research are to establish critical user satisfaction of energy-efficient design; to identify inefficiency of building performance in term of energy-efficient design; and to investigate the problems causing the inefficiency of energy-efficient design. This research will be conducted in three energy-efficient buildings in Malaysia; they are Ministry of Energy, Communications, and Multimedia office building, Energy Commission office building and Malaysia Green Technology Corporation office building. POE is chosen as the method of data gathering and questionnaire will be distributed to the technical staffs of the selected building. The feedback from the technical staffs will be analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Hopefully the research outcome could contribute to the development of energy-efficient design for energy-efficient building through the identification of inefficiency of the existed building.", "publicationTitle": "2011 National Postgraduate Conference (NPC 2011). Energy & Sustainability: Exploring the Innovative Minds", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "7 pp.-7 pp.", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1109/NatPC.2011.6136351", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Building performance analysis model using Post Occupancy Evaluation for energy-efficient building in Malaysia", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "INSPEC:12495031", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-31T22:17:52Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-31T22:17:52Z" } }, { "key": "8INANWA7", "version": 49, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/8INANWA7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/8INANWA7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Menezes et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8INANWA7", "version": 49, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Predicted vs. actual energy performance of non-domestic buildings: Using post-occupancy evaluation data to reduce the performance gap", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anna Carolina", "lastName": "Menezes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew", "lastName": "Cripps" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dino", "lastName": "Bouchlaghem" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard", "lastName": "Buswell" } ], "abstractNote": "With the increasing demand for more energy efficient buildings, the construction industry is faced with the challenge to ensure that the energy performance predicted during the design stage is achieved once a building is in use. There is, however, significant evidence to suggest that buildings are not performing as well as expected and initiatives such as PROBE and CarbonBuzz aim to illustrate the extent of this so called 'performance gap'. This paper discusses the underlying causes of discrepancies between energy modelling predictions and in-use performance of occupied buildings (after the twelve month liability period). Many of the causal factors relate to the use of unrealistic input parameters regarding occupancy behaviour and facilities management in building energy models. In turn, this is associated with the lack of feedback to designers once a building has been constructed and occupied. The paper aims to demonstrate how knowledge acquired from Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) can be used to produce more accurate energy performance models. A case study focused specifically on lighting, small power and catering equipment in a high density office building is analysed and presented. Results show that by combining monitoring data with predictive energy modelling, it was possible to increase the accuracy of the model to within 3% of actual electricity consumption values. Future work will seek to use detailed POE data to develop a set of evidence based benchmarks for energy consumption in office buildings. It is envisioned that these benchmarks will inform designers on the impact of occupancy and management on the actual energy consumption of buildings. Moreover, it should enable the use of more realistic input parameters in energy models, bringing the predicted figures closer to reality. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "Applied Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "SEP 2012", "volume": "97", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "355-364", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Appl. Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.11.075", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0306-2619", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Predicted vs. actual energy performance of non-domestic buildings", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000307196000043", "tags": [ { "tag": "Building energy modelling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy benchmarks", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy performance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "performance gap", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "post-occupancy evaluation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-31T22:15:34Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-31T22:15:34Z" } }, { "key": "ZIAU5IKZ", "version": 48, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/ZIAU5IKZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/ZIAU5IKZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Deuble and de Dear", "parsedDate": "2012-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZIAU5IKZ", "version": 48, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Green occupants for green buildings: The missing link?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Max Paul", "lastName": "Deuble" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard John", "lastName": "de Dear" } ], "abstractNote": "Green buildings, often defined as those featuring natural ventilation capabilities, i.e. low-energy or free-running buildings, are now at the forefront of building research and climate change mitigation scenarios. This paper follows the results of recent post-occupancy evaluation (POE) surveys within two academic office buildings located in sub-tropical Sydney, Australia. Supplemented with an environmental attitudes questionnaire, based upon the New Ecological Paradigm [1]), it was found that occupant satisfaction levels on the POE were positively associated with environmental beliefs. Occupants with higher levels of environmental concern were more forgiving of their building, particularly those featuring aspects of green design, such as natural ventilation through operable windows. Despite their criticisms of the building's indoor environmental quality, the 'green' occupants were prepared to overlook and forgive less-than-ideal conditions more so than their 'brown' (non-green) counterparts. These results support the hypothesis that pro-environmental attitudes are closely associated with the stronger 'forgiveness factor' often observed in green buildings, but the question of causality remains moot. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "Building and Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "OCT 2012", "volume": "56", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "21-27", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Build. Environ.", "DOI": "10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.02.029", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0360-1323", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Green occupants for green buildings", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000305315700003", "tags": [ { "tag": "Forgiveness factor", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "New Ecological Paradigm (NEP)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Post-occupancy evaluation (POE)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "climate", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "environmental paradigm scale", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "green buildings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "performance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "probe", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "thermal comfort", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-31T22:14:36Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-31T22:14:36Z" } }, { "key": "86P6RK8P", "version": 47, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/86P6RK8P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/86P6RK8P", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "86P6RK8P", "version": 47, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Utilization of Post-Occupancy Evaluations in LEED Certified K-12 Schools", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) focuses on the requirements that occupants have in terms of ldquohealth, safety, security, functionality and efficiency, psychological comfort, aesthetic quality and satisfactionrdquo (Federal Facilities Council, 2001). Postoccupancy evaluations provide an opportunity to integrate multiple priorities including building performance and occupant requirements, which contributes to buildings becoming more sustainable. This research looks at the application of POE among LEED reg Certified K-12 schools, and whether or not they address the imperative to include children's perspectives about their everyday environments. Data for this study comes from a survey of LEED reg Certified K-12 schools. Results show that two-thirds of the schools surveyed did not conduct a POE. Reasons identified include lack of awareness of the purpose and benefits of a POE, as well as a lack of funding. Of the 10 schools that did conduct a POE, only 2 (7% overall) included students in the process.", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Sustainable Design and Construction. ICSDEC 2012", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "862-868", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "INSPEC:13535184", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-31T22:13:35Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-31T22:13:35Z" } }, { "key": "2CAIPN77", "version": 46, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/2CAIPN77", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/2CAIPN77", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2CAIPN77", "version": 46, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Information Intelligent System in Guangzhou Three University Campus", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Choose three different administrative property in Guangzhou campus, to make the use present situation questionnaire survey of information intelligent system, and find out the existing problems in information intelligent systems, the collected data by using frequency analysis, mean analysis and single factor variance analysis method of statistical analysis, to obtain the user satisfaction evaluation index, and to explore the future development trend of the campus information intelligent system.", "publicationTitle": "2013 Fourth International Conference on Digital Manufacturing & Automation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "929-934", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1109/ICDMA.2013.219", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "INSPEC:13778125", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-31T22:13:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-31T22:13:04Z" } }, { "key": "8NGV7ZCF", "version": 45, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/8NGV7ZCF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/8NGV7ZCF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2013-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8NGV7ZCF", "version": 45, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Manchester civil justice centre: Procuring and managing an institutional building with a mixed mode ventilation system-a case for post-occupancy evaluation", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Manchester Civil Justice Centre is a striking contemporary 14 storey court building which has won awards for many different aspects of its design, construction and sustainability. From November 2002 to July 2005, the author was a key member of Denton Corker Marshall's London project team having responsibility for key areas of design development, integration of technology and sustainable design including the East elevation's ldquoenvironmental veilrdquo. This paper tracks the procurement of the building, describing its low energy features and their performance in practice. The paper reviews the low carbon elements of the design (daylight and natural ventilation systems) in the context of similar buildings and the buildings operational performance. The building has a mixed mode ventilation system which is managed centrally; the paper describes the ongoing relationship between the Facilities Management and the building's users and their expectations of comfort and offers an explanation as to why the building's energy performance is not as good as predicted at design stage. A case is made that this building is a significant example of low energy design and would form a good example for a detailed Post Occupancy Evaluation. The energy performance of the building could be studied in more detail to encourage the users (judges, staff and the public) to improve the building's energy performance and to share knowledge within the construction industry. Institutional and commercial barriers to the more mainstream adoption of Post Occupancy Evaluation are discussed with respect to the Manchester Civil Justice Centre.", "publicationTitle": "Buildings", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013 June", "volume": "3", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "300-323", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Buildings (Switzerland)", "DOI": "10.3390/buildings3020300", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Manchester civil justice centre", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "INSPEC:13601317", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-31T22:11:54Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-31T22:11:54Z" } }, { "key": "6HT2XMR5", "version": 44, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/6HT2XMR5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/6HT2XMR5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Altomonte and Schiavon", "parsedDate": "2013-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6HT2XMR5", "version": 44, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Occupant satisfaction in LEED and non-LEED certified buildings", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sergio", "lastName": "Altomonte" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stefano", "lastName": "Schiavon" } ], "abstractNote": "Occupant satisfaction with indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in office buildings has been positively correlated to self-estimated job performance and, potentially, to overall company productivity. LEED is a voluntary, consensus-based, market-driven program that provides third-party certification of green buildings, contributing to promote sustainability into the mainstream of building design and construction. From the literature, however, it is unclear the extent to which LEED certification also improves occupant satisfaction with IEQ. The aim of this paper is to study if LEED certified buildings lead to a higher, equal or lower satisfaction with indoor environmental quality than non-LEED rated buildings. Occupant satisfaction has been evaluated on a subset of the Center for the Built Environment Occupant Indoor Environmental Quality Survey database featuring 144 buildings (65 LEED certified) and 21,477 individual occupant responses (10,129 in LEED buildings). Differently from previous studies of the CBE database, the results show that occupants of LEED certified buildings have equal satisfaction with the building overall and with the workspace than occupants of non-LEED rated buildings. The difference in mean satisfaction scores between LEED and non-LEED buildings for other 15 IEQ parameters investigated is always lower than 6% with a negligible effect size. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is not a significant influence of LEED certification on occupant satisfaction with indoor environmental quality, although the analysis of mean votes of satisfaction reveals that occupants of LEED buildings tend to be slightly more satisfied with air quality, and slightly more dissatisfied with amount of light. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "Building and Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "OCT 2013", "volume": "68", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "66-76", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Build. Environ.", "DOI": "10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.06.008", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0360-1323", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000324723000006", "tags": [ { "tag": "Indoor environmental quality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Occupant satisfaction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rating tools", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Survey", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "green buildings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "indoor environmental-quality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "performance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "post-occupancy evaluation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "primer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "productivity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "us", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "users", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-31T22:11:23Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-31T22:11:23Z" } }, { "key": "7BQZMHIK", "version": 41, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/7BQZMHIK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/7BQZMHIK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Liu", "parsedDate": "1999", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7BQZMHIK", "version": 41, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Improving building energy system performance by continuous commissioning", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. S.", "lastName": "Liu" } ], "abstractNote": "Commissioning has played important role in improved building comfort and reduced energy consumption. This article presents an advanced form of commissioning for existing buildings, called continuous commissioning (CC), which has produced energy savings comparable to those produced by the traditional audit/retrofit process at a third of the cost. It has also increased operating staff skills, reduced maintenance costs, and improved building comfort -\"extras\" which are not provided by usual retrofit programs. This article will present the philosophy, process, cost, and savings.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Engineering", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1999", "volume": "96", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "46-57", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Eng.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0199-8595", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000086080700003", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-31T21:36:36Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-31T21:36:36Z" } }, { "key": "DZ3J33NA", "version": 40, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 228610, "name": "Building Energy Monitoring Strategies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/228610/items/DZ3J33NA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/building_energy_monitoring_strategies/items/DZ3J33NA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Liu et al.", "parsedDate": "2003-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DZ3J33NA", "version": 40, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Continuous Commissioning(SM) of building energy systems", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. S.", "lastName": "Liu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. E.", "lastName": "Claridge" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W. D.", "lastName": "Turner" } ], "abstractNote": "Continuous Commissioning (CCSM) is an ongoing process to resolve operating problems, improve comfort, optimize energy use, and identify retrofits,for existing commercial and institutional buildings and central plant facilities. CC,focuses on optimizing improving overall system control and operations for the building as it is currently utilized and on meeting existing facility needs. Innovative optimal engineering solutions are developed using engineering-based model analysis integrated with scientific field measurement. Integrated approaches are used to implement these solutions to ensure practical local and global system optimization and to ensure persistence of the improved operational schedules. Implementation of the CC process has typically decreased building energy consumption by 20% in well over 100 large buildings where it has been implemented. This paper presents the CC process, the primary CC techniques and measures, and a case study.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Solar Energy Engineering-Transactions of the Asme", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "AUG 2003", "volume": "125", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "275-281", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME", "DOI": "10.1115/1.1592538", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0199-6231", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000184907300007", "tags": [ { "tag": "operation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-31T21:35:55Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-31T21:35:55Z" } } ]