[ { "key": "PKXRZTJ2", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 226161, "name": "Capstone - Arthrometer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/PKXRZTJ2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer/items/PKXRZTJ2", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/BXBTPX2X", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 930241, "username": "AnTruong", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/antruong", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "PKXRZTJ2", "version": 6, "parentItem": "BXBTPX2X", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2013-10-22T03:19:45Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17579839", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-22T03:19:45Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-22T03:19:45Z" } }, { "key": "BXBTPX2X", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 226161, "name": "Capstone - Arthrometer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/BXBTPX2X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer/items/BXBTPX2X", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 930241, "username": "AnTruong", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/antruong", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sernert et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "BXBTPX2X", "version": 6, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Knee-laxity measurements examined by a left-hand- and a right-hand-dominant physiotherapist, in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries and healthy controls", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ninni", "lastName": "Sernert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Janett", "lastName": "Helmers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Catarina", "lastName": "Kartus" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lars", "lastName": "Ejerhed" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jüri", "lastName": "Kartus" } ], "abstractNote": "The purpose of the study was to analyse and compare KT-1000 knee laxity as examined by a left-hand- and a right-hand-dominant physiotherapist in a group of patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and a group of patients, 2 years after ACL reconstruction. The other aim was to measure and analyse knee laxity in a group of persons without any known knee problems. A cross-sectional examination of two groups of patients pre-operatively and post-operatively after ACL reconstruction and examination of healthy controls on two different occasions was performed. Fifty-three patients who were scheduled for ACL reconstruction and 39 patients who attended a 2-year follow-up examination were included in the study. In the ACL-deficient group, 32 patients had a right-sided ACL injury and 21 patients a left-sided ACL injury. The corresponding figures in the post-operative group were 21 patients with a right-sided ACL injury and 18 patients with a left-sided ACL injury. Twenty-eight healthy persons without any known knee problems served as controls. One left-hand- and one right-hand-dominant experienced physiotherapist performed all the examinations. To be able to evaluate the intra and inter-reliability of the examiners the controls were examined at two occasions. The left-hand-dominant physiotherapist measured significantly higher absolute laxity values in the left knee, both injured and non-injured ones, compared with the right-hand-dominant physiotherapist. This was found irrespectively of whether the patients belonged to the ACL deficient or the post-operative group. In the healthy control group, the right-hand-dominant physiotherapist measured significantly higher knee-laxity values in the right knee compared with the left-hand-dominant physiotherapist. Correspondingly, the left-hand-dominant physiotherapist measured significantly higher knee laxity values in the left knee. We conclude that KT-1000 arthrometer laxity measurements can be affected by the hand dominance of the examiner. This might affect the reliability of KT-1000 arthrometer measurements. Level of evidence is II.", "publicationTitle": "Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2007", "volume": "15", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1181-1186", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc", "DOI": "10.1007/s00167-007-0347-3", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0942-2056", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 17579839", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anterior Cruciate Ligament", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Arthrometry, Articular", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Case-Control Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cross-Sectional Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Functional Laterality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Personnel", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Joint Instability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Knee Joint", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Therapy Specialty", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VSC4FHZV" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-22T03:19:45Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-22T03:19:45Z" } }, { "key": "S4SAUAB6", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 226161, "name": "Capstone - Arthrometer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/S4SAUAB6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer/items/S4SAUAB6", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/XM92WJCS", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 930241, "username": "AnTruong", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/antruong", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "S4SAUAB6", "version": 6, "parentItem": "XM92WJCS", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2013-10-22T03:19:23Z", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00167-007-0347-3/fulltext.html", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-22T03:19:23Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-22T03:19:23Z" } }, { "key": "XM92WJCS", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 226161, "name": "Capstone - Arthrometer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/XM92WJCS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer/items/XM92WJCS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 930241, "username": "AnTruong", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/antruong", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "XM92WJCS", "version": 6, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Knee-laxity measurements examined by a left-hand- and a right-hand-dominant physiotherapist, in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries and healthy controls - Springer", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00167-007-0347-3/fulltext.html", "accessDate": "2013-10-22T03:19:23Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-22T03:19:23Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-22T03:19:23Z" } }, { "key": "K7SHQ938", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 226161, "name": "Capstone - Arthrometer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/K7SHQ938", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer/items/K7SHQ938", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/RTI9TBXG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 930241, "username": "AnTruong", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/antruong", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "K7SHQ938", "version": 5, "parentItem": "RTI9TBXG", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2013-10-22T03:17:19Z", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00167-007-0317-9", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-22T03:17:19Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-22T03:17:19Z" } }, { "key": "RTI9TBXG", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 226161, "name": "Capstone - Arthrometer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/RTI9TBXG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer/items/RTI9TBXG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 930241, "username": "AnTruong", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/antruong", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Musahl et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-08-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "RTI9TBXG", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Development of a simple device for measurement of rotational knee laxity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Volker", "lastName": "Musahl" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kevin M.", "lastName": "Bell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew G.", "lastName": "Tsai" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ryan S.", "lastName": "Costic" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Allaire" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thore", "lastName": "Zantop" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James J.", "lastName": "Irrgang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Freddie H.", "lastName": "Fu" } ], "abstractNote": "The goal of this study was to develop a new device for the measurement of rotational knee laxity and to measure intra-observer and inter-observer reliability in a cadaveric study. An array of established tools was utilized to design the device with a basis that consists of an Aircast Foam Walker™ boot. A load cell was attached to the boot with a handle bar for application of moments about the knee. An electromagnetic tracking system was used to record the motion of the tibia with respect to the femur. The total arc of motion ranged from 23° at full extension to 46° at 90° of knee flexion. The intra-tester ICCs ranged from 0.94 to 0.99. The ICC for inter-tester reliability ranged from 0.95 to 0.99. In summary, the new device for measurement of rotational knee laxity is simple, reliable, and can be used in a non-invasive fashion in the office or surgical suite document clinical outcome in terms of rotational knee laxity.", "publicationTitle": "Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007/08/01", "volume": "15", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1009-1012", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthr", "DOI": "10.1007/s00167-007-0317-9", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-007-0317-9", "accessDate": "2013-10-22T03:17:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0942-2056, 1433-7347", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "ACL", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Device", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electromagnetic tracking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Knee", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Laxity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Orthopedics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rotation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VSC4FHZV" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-22T03:17:19Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-22T03:17:19Z" } }, { "key": "MPECRQTT", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 226161, "name": "Capstone - Arthrometer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/MPECRQTT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer/items/MPECRQTT", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/RTI9TBXG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 930241, "username": "AnTruong", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/antruong", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "MPECRQTT", "version": 5, "parentItem": "RTI9TBXG", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2013-10-22T03:17:19Z", "url": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00167-007-0317-9.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-22T03:17:19Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-22T03:17:19Z" } }, { "key": "NWCDV9JW", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 226161, "name": "Capstone - Arthrometer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/NWCDV9JW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer/items/NWCDV9JW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 930241, "username": "AnTruong", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/antruong", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "NWCDV9JW", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Knee-laxity measurements examined by a left-hand- and a right-hand-dominant physiotherapist, in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries and healthy controls - Springer", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00167-007-0347-3/fulltext.html", "accessDate": "2013-10-20T21:55:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-20T21:55:34Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-20T21:55:34Z" } }, { "key": "IUSBNNMA", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 226161, "name": "Capstone - Arthrometer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/IUSBNNMA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer/items/IUSBNNMA", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/NWCDV9JW", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 930241, "username": "AnTruong", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/antruong", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "IUSBNNMA", "version": 3, "parentItem": "NWCDV9JW", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2013-10-20T21:55:34Z", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00167-007-0347-3/fulltext.html", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-20T21:55:34Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-20T21:55:34Z" } }, { "key": "B7ER765C", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 226161, "name": "Capstone - Arthrometer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/B7ER765C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer/items/B7ER765C", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 930241, "username": "AnTruong", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/antruong", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "B7ER765C", "version": 6, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Development of a simple device for measurement of rotational knee laxity - Springer", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00167-007-0317-9/fulltext.html", "accessDate": "2013-10-20T21:50:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-20T21:55:17Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-20T21:55:17Z" } }, { "key": "IKK39SSN", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 226161, "name": "Capstone - Arthrometer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/IKK39SSN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer/items/IKK39SSN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 930241, "username": "AnTruong", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/antruong", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Robert et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IKK39SSN", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A new knee arthrometer, the GNRB®: Experience in ACL complete and partial tears", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Robert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Nouveau" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Gageot" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Gagnière" } ], "abstractNote": "SummaryIntroduction\nClinical diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears (Lachman test and Pivot shift test in valgus and internal rotation) is reliable in case of complete ACL tear but reveals elusive in case of partial tears. Quantitative assessment of anterior tibial translation proves to be imprecise, subjective and poorly reproducible especially with the KT-1000 arthrometer. We developed the GNRB®, an alternative original anterior knee laxity measurement device. The lower limb is placed in a rigid support with the knee at 0° of rotation, the restraining power being recorded. A 0–250 N thrust force is transmitted by a jack to the upper segment of the calf. This force is only applied in the absence of hamstring muscles contraction. Displacement of the anterior tibial tubercle is recorded using a sensor with a 0.1 mm precision.\nHypothesis\nWe hypothesize that this knee laxity measurement device is more reliable and reproducible than other currently available arthrometers.\nMaterial and methods\nDuring a first validation study, the GNRB® was compared to the KT-1000 arthrometer, in 20 pairs of healthy knees, measurements being performed by two investigators. Variance analyses were carried out at 134 N. In a second clinical study, 21 complete ACL tears (the notch is devoid of ACL) and 24 partial ACL tears (anterior or posterior bundle tear and cicatricial ACL remnant in continuity) were tested with these arthrometers to exact a differential laxity threshold value between both knees at 250 N. Statistical analysis was subsequently performed using variance and ROC curves analysis.\nResults\nThe GNRB® arthrometer reveals to be significantly more reproducible than the KT-1000, irrespectively of the tester's experience level. Moreover, unlike the KT-1000, the achieved measurement is independent from the uninvolved side. Reproducibility of laximetry proves to be significantly better with the GNRB® than with the KT-1000, wherever the examiner's experience stands and whatever the evaluated side condition could be. When differential laxity threshold value was 3 mm in complete ACL tears, sensitivity was 70% and specificity 99% at 134 N. Using a 1.5 mm threshold value in ACL partial tears, the arthrometer sensitivity was 80% and specificity was 87% at 134 N.\nDiscussion\nReproducibility of laximetry was significantly better with the GNRB® than the KT-1000 device, wherever the examiner's experience stands and whatever the evaluated side-condition could be. The GNRB® reports various supplementary advantages compared with other available laximeters. Good control of the investigated limb position in rotation, recording of translation in the absence of hamstring muscles contraction and in direct comparison with the KT-1000: reproducibility, constant pressure, arthrometry improved accuracy and automated measurements recording. The GNRB® might be used for diagnosis of partial and complete ACL tears and during follow-up of reconstructed or not ACL tears.\n\nLevel of evidence: type II. Prospective comparative study", "publicationTitle": "Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2009", "volume": "95", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "171-176", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research", "DOI": "10.1016/j.otsr.2009.03.009", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877056809000516", "accessDate": "2013-10-20T20:58:11Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1877-0568", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "A new knee arthrometer, the GNRB®", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Anterior Cruciate Ligament", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Arthrometer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Complete anterior cruciate ligament disruption", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "KT-1000", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Partial anterior cruciate ligament tear", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Telos", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-20T21:55:17Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-20T21:55:17Z" } }, { "key": "VNS3HEHB", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 226161, "name": "Capstone - Arthrometer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/VNS3HEHB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer/items/VNS3HEHB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 930241, "username": "AnTruong", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/antruong", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Robert et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VNS3HEHB", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A new knee arthrometer, the GNRB®: Experience in ACL complete and partial tears", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Robert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Nouveau" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Gageot" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Gagnière" } ], "abstractNote": "SummaryIntroduction\nClinical diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears (Lachman test and Pivot shift test in valgus and internal rotation) is reliable in case of complete ACL tear but reveals elusive in case of partial tears. Quantitative assessment of anterior tibial translation proves to be imprecise, subjective and poorly reproducible especially with the KT-1000 arthrometer. We developed the GNRB®, an alternative original anterior knee laxity measurement device. The lower limb is placed in a rigid support with the knee at 0° of rotation, the restraining power being recorded. A 0–250 N thrust force is transmitted by a jack to the upper segment of the calf. This force is only applied in the absence of hamstring muscles contraction. Displacement of the anterior tibial tubercle is recorded using a sensor with a 0.1 mm precision.\nHypothesis\nWe hypothesize that this knee laxity measurement device is more reliable and reproducible than other currently available arthrometers.\nMaterial and methods\nDuring a first validation study, the GNRB® was compared to the KT-1000 arthrometer, in 20 pairs of healthy knees, measurements being performed by two investigators. Variance analyses were carried out at 134 N. In a second clinical study, 21 complete ACL tears (the notch is devoid of ACL) and 24 partial ACL tears (anterior or posterior bundle tear and cicatricial ACL remnant in continuity) were tested with these arthrometers to exact a differential laxity threshold value between both knees at 250 N. Statistical analysis was subsequently performed using variance and ROC curves analysis.\nResults\nThe GNRB® arthrometer reveals to be significantly more reproducible than the KT-1000, irrespectively of the tester's experience level. Moreover, unlike the KT-1000, the achieved measurement is independent from the uninvolved side. Reproducibility of laximetry proves to be significantly better with the GNRB® than with the KT-1000, wherever the examiner's experience stands and whatever the evaluated side condition could be. When differential laxity threshold value was 3 mm in complete ACL tears, sensitivity was 70% and specificity 99% at 134 N. Using a 1.5 mm threshold value in ACL partial tears, the arthrometer sensitivity was 80% and specificity was 87% at 134 N.\nDiscussion\nReproducibility of laximetry was significantly better with the GNRB® than the KT-1000 device, wherever the examiner's experience stands and whatever the evaluated side-condition could be. The GNRB® reports various supplementary advantages compared with other available laximeters. Good control of the investigated limb position in rotation, recording of translation in the absence of hamstring muscles contraction and in direct comparison with the KT-1000: reproducibility, constant pressure, arthrometry improved accuracy and automated measurements recording. The GNRB® might be used for diagnosis of partial and complete ACL tears and during follow-up of reconstructed or not ACL tears.\n\nLevel of evidence: type II. Prospective comparative study", "publicationTitle": "Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2009", "volume": "95", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "171-176", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research", "DOI": "10.1016/j.otsr.2009.03.009", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877056809000516", "accessDate": "2013-10-20T21:55:03Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1877-0568", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "A new knee arthrometer, the GNRB®", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Anterior Cruciate Ligament", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Arthrometer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Complete anterior cruciate ligament disruption", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "KT-1000", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Partial anterior cruciate ligament tear", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Telos", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VSC4FHZV" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-20T21:55:17Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-20T21:55:17Z" } }, { "key": "QNRCAGM9", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 226161, "name": "Capstone - Arthrometer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/QNRCAGM9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer/items/QNRCAGM9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 930241, "username": "AnTruong", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/antruong", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ganko et al.", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "QNRCAGM9", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The rolimeter: a new arthrometer compared with the KT-1000", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Ganko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L", "lastName": "Engebretsen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H", "lastName": "Ozer" } ], "abstractNote": "A new simple and portable arthrometer, the Rolimeter, was used to assess the anterior laxity of knees in 20 normal subjects and 18 subjects with chronic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency. The subjects were tested by one examiner using maximum manual force. In order to assess the reliability of the device the same subjects were tested with the KT-1000. In ACL-deficient knees the absolute translation and the side-to-side difference did not differ significantly between the devices. In normal knees the Rolimeter measured slightly smaller translations than the KT, but with a high degree of correlation between devices. If a 3-mm or greater side-to-side difference is considered indicative of ACL deficiency, both arthrometers were successful in diagnosing 16 of 18 cruciate ruptures (sensitivity 89%) and 19 of 20 normal knees (specificity 95%). We conclude that the Rolimeter, when compared with the KT-1000, provides a valid measure of anterior knee laxity.", "publicationTitle": "Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2000", "volume": "8", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "36-39", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0942-2056", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The rolimeter", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 10663318", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anterior Cruciate Ligament", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Equipment Design", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Joint Instability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reproducibility of Results", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rheumatology", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VSC4FHZV" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-20T21:55:17Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-20T21:55:17Z" } }, { "key": "WR3K2QCI", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 226161, "name": "Capstone - Arthrometer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/WR3K2QCI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer/items/WR3K2QCI", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/QNRCAGM9", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 930241, "username": "AnTruong", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/antruong", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "WR3K2QCI", "version": 2, "parentItem": "QNRCAGM9", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2013-10-20T20:50:25Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10663318", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-20T21:55:17Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-20T21:55:17Z" } }, { "key": "3WV25A9Z", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 226161, "name": "Capstone - Arthrometer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/3WV25A9Z", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer/items/3WV25A9Z", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 930241, "username": "AnTruong", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/antruong", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Markolf et al.", "parsedDate": "1978-07-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3WV25A9Z", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "In vivo knee stability. A quantitative assessment using an instrumented clinical testing apparatus", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "KL", "lastName": "Markolf" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Graff-Radford" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "HC", "lastName": "Amstutz" } ], "abstractNote": "Twenty-eight male and twenty-one female subjects with no history of previous injury to their knees were examined using a newly developed clinical testing apparatus designed to record anterior-posterior tibial force versus displacement and varus-valgus moment versus angulation during manual manipulation of the knee. Joint stiffness and laxity were measured from test tracings made with the knee muscles relaxed and tensed. Agreement between these measurements and those made previously on thirty-five fresh cadaver knee specimens was very good. Anterior-posterior laxity averaged 3.7 millimeters in full extension, 5.5 in 20 degrees of flexion, and 4.8 millimeters in 90 degrees of flexion, while the mean varus-valgus laxity was 6.7 degrees in full extension. The common clinical assumption that normal right-left differences are negligible was found to be invalid. Individual right-left differences averaged 26 to 35 per cent for laxity and 19 to 24 per cent for stiffness. There was no discernible tendency for one knee to be more stable than the other; random interchanges of relative stability between the right and left knees were observed for each individual at different knee positions. When requested to tense the knee muscles, these subjects were able to increase their knee stiffness an average of two to four times while knee laxity was reduced to 25 to 50 per cent of the normal value.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 1, 1978", "volume": "60", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "664-674", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/", "accessDate": "2013-10-20T20:30:12Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0021-9355", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Silverchair", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VSC4FHZV" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-20T21:55:17Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-20T21:55:17Z" } }, { "key": "5V3C7XDT", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 226161, "name": "Capstone - Arthrometer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/226161/items/5V3C7XDT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/capstone_-_arthrometer/items/5V3C7XDT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 930241, "username": "AnTruong", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/antruong", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jonsson et al.", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5V3C7XDT", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Positive pivot shift after ACL reconstruction predicts later osteoarthrosis 63 patients followed 5–9 years after surgery", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Håkan", "lastName": "Jonsson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katrine", "lastName": "Riklund-Åhlström" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonas", "lastName": "Lind" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Acta Orthopaedica", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "01/2004", "volume": "75", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "594-599", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/00016470410001484", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00016470410001484", "accessDate": "2013-10-20T19:57:49Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1745-3674, 1745-3682", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VSC4FHZV" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-20T21:55:17Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-20T21:55:17Z" } } ]