[
    {
        "key": "TDHS5D5B",
        "version": 178,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/TDHS5D5B",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/TDHS5D5B",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Cooper et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2013-09-01",
            "numChildren": 1
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "TDHS5D5B",
            "version": 178,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Comparison of the Analgesic Effects of Dronabinol and Smoked Marijuana in Daily Marijuana Smokers",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Ziva D.",
                    "lastName": "Cooper"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Sandra D.",
                    "lastName": "Comer"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Margaret",
                    "lastName": "Haney"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids to treat pain, yet none have compared the analgesic effectiveness of smoked marijuana to orally administered Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; dronabinol). This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-dummy, double-blind study compared the magnitude and duration of analgesic effects of smoked marijuana and dronabinol under well-controlled conditions using a validated experimental model of pain. Healthy male (N=15) and female (N=15) daily marijuana smokers participated in this outpatient study comparing the analgesic, subjective, and physiological effects of marijuana (0.00, 1.98, or 3.56% THC) to dronabinol (0, 10, or 20 mg). Pain response was assessed using the cold-pressor test (CPT): participants immersed their left hand in cold water (4 °C), and the time to report pain (pain sensitivity) and withdraw the hand from the water (pain tolerance) were recorded. Subjective pain and drug effect ratings were also measured as well as cardiovascular effects. Compared with placebo, marijuana and dronabinol decreased pain sensitivity (3.56%; 20 mg), increased pain tolerance (1.98%; 20 mg), and decreased subjective ratings of pain intensity (1.98, 3.56%; 20 mg). The magnitude of peak change in pain sensitivity and tolerance did not differ between marijuana and dronabinol, although dronabinol produced analgesia that was of a longer duration. Marijuana (1.98, 3.56%) and dronabinol (20 mg) also increased abuse-related subjective ratings relative to placebo; these ratings were greater with marijuana. These data indicate that under controlled conditions, marijuana and dronabinol decreased pain, with dronabinol producing longer-lasting decreases in pain sensitivity and lower ratings of abuse-related subjective effects than marijuana.",
            "publicationTitle": "Neuropsychopharmacology",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2013-09-01",
            "volume": "38",
            "issue": "10",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "1984-1992",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10.1038/npp.2013.97",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v38/n10/full/npp201397a.html",
            "accessDate": "2014-01-23T17:40:03Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "0893-133X",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "en",
            "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "© 2013 Nature Publishing Group",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-03T19:34:47Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-03T19:34:47Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "ZRKQZ9B8",
        "version": 178,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/ZRKQZ9B8",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/ZRKQZ9B8",
                "type": "text/html"
            },
            "up": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/TDHS5D5B",
                "type": "application/json"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            }
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "ZRKQZ9B8",
            "version": 178,
            "parentItem": "TDHS5D5B",
            "itemType": "attachment",
            "linkMode": "imported_url",
            "title": "Snapshot",
            "accessDate": "2014-01-23T17:40:03Z",
            "url": "http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v38/n10/full/npp201397a.html",
            "note": "",
            "contentType": "text/html",
            "charset": "utf-8",
            "filename": "npp201397a.html",
            "md5": null,
            "mtime": null,
            "tags": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-03T19:34:47Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-03T19:34:47Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "R8KENSKX",
        "version": 177,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/R8KENSKX",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/R8KENSKX",
                "type": "text/html"
            },
            "up": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/BT3XNRWK",
                "type": "application/json"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            }
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "R8KENSKX",
            "version": 177,
            "parentItem": "BT3XNRWK",
            "itemType": "attachment",
            "linkMode": "imported_url",
            "title": "Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Increases Prefrontal Cortex Gray Matter in Patients With Chronic Pain",
            "accessDate": "2013-12-04T03:02:16Z",
            "url": "http://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(13)01179-6/abstract?rss=yes",
            "note": "",
            "contentType": "text/html",
            "charset": "utf-8",
            "filename": "abstract.html",
            "md5": null,
            "mtime": null,
            "tags": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-03T19:33:30Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-03T19:33:30Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "BT3XNRWK",
        "version": 177,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/BT3XNRWK",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/BT3XNRWK",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Seminowicz et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2013",
            "numChildren": 1
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "BT3XNRWK",
            "version": 177,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Increases Prefrontal Cortex Gray Matter in Patients With Chronic Pain",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "David A.",
                    "lastName": "Seminowicz"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Marina",
                    "lastName": "Shpaner"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Michael L.",
                    "lastName": "Keaser"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "G. Michael",
                    "lastName": "Krauthamer"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "John",
                    "lastName": "Mantegna"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Julie A.",
                    "lastName": "Dumas"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Paul A.",
                    "lastName": "Newhouse"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Christopher G.",
                    "lastName": "Filippi"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Francis J.",
                    "lastName": "Keefe"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Magdalena R.",
                    "lastName": "Naylor"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Pain",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "12/2013",
            "volume": "14",
            "issue": "12",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "1573-1584",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10.1016/j.jpain.2013.07.020",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(13)01179-6/abstract?rss=yes",
            "accessDate": "2013-12-04T03:02:16Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "15265900",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-03T19:33:30Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-03T19:33:30Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "TRU969B9",
        "version": 176,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/TRU969B9",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/TRU969B9",
                "type": "text/html"
            },
            "up": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/BMGNT6SV",
                "type": "application/json"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            }
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "TRU969B9",
            "version": 176,
            "parentItem": "BMGNT6SV",
            "itemType": "attachment",
            "linkMode": "imported_url",
            "title": "Snapshot",
            "accessDate": "2013-12-25T21:08:09Z",
            "url": "http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/48/5/466",
            "note": "",
            "contentType": "text/html",
            "charset": "utf-8",
            "filename": "466.html",
            "md5": null,
            "mtime": null,
            "tags": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:47:09Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:47:09Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "X5IGH2VV",
        "version": 176,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/X5IGH2VV",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/X5IGH2VV",
                "type": "text/html"
            },
            "up": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/64ACXSN2",
                "type": "application/json"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            }
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "X5IGH2VV",
            "version": 176,
            "parentItem": "64ACXSN2",
            "itemType": "attachment",
            "linkMode": "imported_url",
            "title": "Chronic Inflammatory Pain Prevents Tolerance to the Antinociceptive Effect of Morphine Microinjected into the Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray of the Rat",
            "accessDate": "2013-12-04T02:53:45Z",
            "url": "http://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(13)01182-6/abstract?rss=yes",
            "note": "",
            "contentType": "text/html",
            "charset": "utf-8",
            "filename": "abstract.html",
            "md5": null,
            "mtime": null,
            "tags": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:47:09Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:47:09Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "BMGNT6SV",
        "version": 176,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/BMGNT6SV",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/BMGNT6SV",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Clinch and Eccleston",
            "parsedDate": "2009-05-01",
            "numChildren": 3
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "BMGNT6SV",
            "version": 176,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Chronic musculoskeletal pain in children: assessment and management",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jacqui",
                    "lastName": "Clinch"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Christopher",
                    "lastName": "Eccleston"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Paediatricians and paediatric rheumatologists review a large number of children with ongoing pain (disease and non-disease related). A small number of these develop chronic pain conditions that are complex and distressing. Over recent years studies of the epidemiology, aetiology and rehabilitation of pain and pain-associated disability in children have revealed a large prevalence of clinically relevant pain, and have emphasized the need for early recognition and intervention. Medication has a role when part of a multidisciplinary framework, although there is little evidence for or against the effectiveness of most pharmacotherapy. There is strong evidence to support early targeted psychological and physical intervention, and an understanding that parental education and involvement is essential if progress is to be maintained. In this review, an overview of the assessment is presented and management of childhood chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions with reference to main research findings to date.",
            "publicationTitle": "Rheumatology",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "05/01/2009",
            "volume": "48",
            "issue": "5",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "466-474",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Rheumatology",
            "DOI": "10.1093/rheumatology/kep001",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/48/5/466",
            "accessDate": "2013-12-25T21:08:09Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1462-0324, 1462-0332",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "Chronic musculoskeletal pain in children",
            "language": "en",
            "libraryCatalog": "rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "PMID: 19202161",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Children",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Complex regional pain syndrome",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Demedicalization",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Diffuse idiopathic pain",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Juvenile fibromyalgia",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Localized idiopathic pain",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Multidisciplinary rehabilitation",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Pain education",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Pain-associated disability",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "chronic pain",
                    "type": 1
                }
            ],
            "collections": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:47:09Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:47:09Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "64ACXSN2",
        "version": 176,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/64ACXSN2",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/64ACXSN2",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Mehalick et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2013",
            "numChildren": 1
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "64ACXSN2",
            "version": 176,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Chronic Inflammatory Pain Prevents Tolerance to the Antinociceptive Effect of Morphine Microinjected into the Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray of the Rat",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Melissa L.",
                    "lastName": "Mehalick"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Susan L.",
                    "lastName": "Ingram"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Sue A.",
                    "lastName": "Aicher"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Michael M.",
                    "lastName": "Morgan"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Pain",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "12/2013",
            "volume": "14",
            "issue": "12",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "1601-1610",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10.1016/j.jpain.2013.08.003",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(13)01182-6/abstract?rss=yes",
            "accessDate": "2013-12-04T02:53:45Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "15265900",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:47:09Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:47:09Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "QEH7FK9D",
        "version": 176,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/QEH7FK9D",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/QEH7FK9D",
                "type": "text/html"
            },
            "up": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/BMGNT6SV",
                "type": "application/json"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            }
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "QEH7FK9D",
            "version": 176,
            "parentItem": "BMGNT6SV",
            "itemType": "attachment",
            "linkMode": "linked_url",
            "title": "PubMed entry",
            "accessDate": "2013-12-25T21:08:09Z",
            "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19202161",
            "note": "",
            "contentType": "text/html",
            "charset": "",
            "tags": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:47:09Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:47:09Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "Z3I6B7WI",
        "version": 176,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/Z3I6B7WI",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/Z3I6B7WI",
                "type": "text/html"
            },
            "up": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/BMGNT6SV",
                "type": "application/json"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "Z3I6B7WI",
            "version": 176,
            "parentItem": "BMGNT6SV",
            "itemType": "attachment",
            "linkMode": "imported_url",
            "title": "Full Text PDF",
            "accessDate": "2013-12-25T21:08:09Z",
            "url": "http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/48/5/466.full.pdf",
            "note": "",
            "contentType": "application/pdf",
            "charset": "",
            "filename": "Clinch and Eccleston - 2009 - Chronic musculoskeletal pain in children assessme.pdf",
            "md5": null,
            "mtime": null,
            "tags": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:47:09Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:47:09Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "935DP8EF",
        "version": 175,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/935DP8EF",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/935DP8EF",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Powers et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2013-10-23",
            "numChildren": 1
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "935DP8EF",
            "version": 175,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Childhood Abuse and the Experience of Pain in Adulthood: The Mediating Effects of PTSD and Emotion Dysregulation on Pain Levels and Pain-Related Functional Impairment",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Abigail",
                    "lastName": "Powers"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Negar",
                    "lastName": "Fani"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Andrew",
                    "lastName": "Pallos"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jennifer",
                    "lastName": "Stevens"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Kerry J",
                    "lastName": "Ressler"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Bekh",
                    "lastName": "Bradley"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Previous findings suggest a relationship between childhood abuse and pain-related conditions. It is yet to be determined whether adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms may mediate the association between the experience of childhood abuse and reported pain in adulthood.\nOBJECTIVE: We sought to determine if emotion dysregulation may also play a role in mediating PTSD and pain levels.\nMETHODS: We examined subjects (N = 814) recruited from the primary care clinics of an urban public hospital as part of an National Institute of Mental Health-funded study of trauma-related risk and resilience. We evaluated childhood abuse with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, PTSD symptoms with the PTSD Symptom Severity scale, and emotional dysregulation with the Emotion Dysregulation Scale. Pain and functional limitations of pain were assessed through self-report.\nRESULTS: We found that both childhood abuse and current PTSD symptoms predicted higher levels of reported pain. Childhood abuse, PTSD symptoms, and emotion dysregulation all predicted higher levels of functional impairment related to pain. Using the Sobel method and bootstrapping techniques and controlling for current level of negative affect, we found that PTSD fully mediated the effect of childhood abuse on pain level and pain-related limitations; emotion dysregulation partially mediated the effect of PTSD symptoms in predicting higher levels of pain-related limitations.\nCONCLUSIONS: Although causality cannot be determined in the present study, these findings suggest that PTSD may serve as the pathway between exposure to childhood abuse and the development of pain-related conditions in adulthood, and that emotion dysregulation is a significant factor in understanding how PTSD relates to specific pain-related functional impairment.",
            "publicationTitle": "Psychosomatics",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Oct 23, 2013",
            "volume": "",
            "issue": "",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Psychosomatics",
            "DOI": "10.1016/j.psym.2013.10.004",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1545-7206",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "Childhood Abuse and the Experience of Pain in Adulthood",
            "language": "ENG",
            "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "PMID: 24360527",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:45:59Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:45:59Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "7SSTHMQW",
        "version": 175,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/7SSTHMQW",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/7SSTHMQW",
                "type": "text/html"
            },
            "up": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/935DP8EF",
                "type": "application/json"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            }
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "7SSTHMQW",
            "version": 175,
            "parentItem": "935DP8EF",
            "itemType": "attachment",
            "linkMode": "linked_url",
            "title": "PubMed entry",
            "accessDate": "2014-01-02T22:21:17Z",
            "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24360527",
            "note": "",
            "contentType": "text/html",
            "charset": "",
            "tags": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:45:59Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:45:59Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "KCIHZGC5",
        "version": 174,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/KCIHZGC5",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/KCIHZGC5",
                "type": "text/html"
            },
            "up": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/BVHEBBRH",
                "type": "application/json"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            }
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "KCIHZGC5",
            "version": 174,
            "parentItem": "BVHEBBRH",
            "itemType": "attachment",
            "linkMode": "imported_url",
            "title": "Snapshot",
            "accessDate": "2013-12-21T19:48:47Z",
            "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.03.009/abstract;jsessionid=2224C4245441EA18A3A130293DA7ED5B.f02t02",
            "note": "",
            "contentType": "text/html",
            "charset": "utf-8",
            "filename": "abstract;jsessionid=2224C4245441EA18A3A130293DA7ED5B.html",
            "md5": null,
            "mtime": null,
            "tags": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:45:22Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:45:22Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "BVHEBBRH",
        "version": 174,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/BVHEBBRH",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/BVHEBBRH",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Goubert et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2009",
            "numChildren": 1
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "BVHEBBRH",
            "version": 174,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Catastrophizing about their children's pain is related to higher parent–child congruency in pain ratings: An experimental investigation",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "L.",
                    "lastName": "Goubert"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "T.",
                    "lastName": "Vervoort"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "A.",
                    "lastName": "Cano"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "G.",
                    "lastName": "Crombez"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Little is known about the variables that account for why parents underestimate the pain of their child. In the present experiment, the joint impact of parental catastrophizing about their child's pain and children's facial pain expressions was examined upon pain estimates of their child undergoing a pressure pain test. In line with previous research, parents underestimated their children's pain. Interestingly, it was found that pain was estimated as higher when the child showed more facial pain expressions and when parents catastrophized more about their child's pain. An intriguing finding was that catastrophizing about their child's pain was related to less parent–child incongruence in pain ratings. The discussion addresses the possible functions of catastrophizing of parents about their children's pain, and delineates avenues for future research.",
            "publicationTitle": "European Journal of Pain",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2009",
            "volume": "13",
            "issue": "2",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "196–201",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.03.009",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.03.009/abstract",
            "accessDate": "2013-12-21T19:48:47Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1532-2149",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "Catastrophizing about their children's pain is related to higher parent–child congruency in pain ratings",
            "language": "en",
            "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "2009 European Federation of Chapters of the International Association for the Study of Pain",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Catastrophizing",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Children",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Parents",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Underestimation",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "empathy",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "pain",
                    "type": 1
                }
            ],
            "collections": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:45:22Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:45:22Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "DGD5VFFX",
        "version": 173,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/DGD5VFFX",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/DGD5VFFX",
                "type": "text/html"
            },
            "up": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/3UMT35ES",
                "type": "application/json"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            }
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "DGD5VFFX",
            "version": 173,
            "parentItem": "3UMT35ES",
            "itemType": "attachment",
            "linkMode": "imported_url",
            "title": "Bothersome pain afflicts half of older Americans",
            "accessDate": "2013-12-03T22:51:04Z",
            "url": "http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-12/ehs-bpa120213.php",
            "note": "",
            "contentType": "text/html",
            "charset": "windows-1252",
            "filename": "ehs-bpa120213.html",
            "md5": null,
            "mtime": null,
            "tags": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:43:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:43:20Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "3UMT35ES",
        "version": 173,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/3UMT35ES",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/3UMT35ES",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "numChildren": 1
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "3UMT35ES",
            "version": 173,
            "itemType": "webpage",
            "title": "Bothersome pain afflicts half of older Americans",
            "creators": [],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "websiteTitle": "",
            "websiteType": "",
            "date": "",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-12/ehs-bpa120213.php",
            "accessDate": "2013-12-03T22:51:03Z",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:43:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:43:20Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "HU378HZP",
        "version": 172,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/HU378HZP",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/HU378HZP",
                "type": "text/html"
            },
            "up": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/VSFD6G9E",
                "type": "application/json"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            }
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "HU378HZP",
            "version": 172,
            "parentItem": "VSFD6G9E",
            "itemType": "attachment",
            "linkMode": "linked_url",
            "title": "PubMed entry",
            "accessDate": "2014-01-11T22:25:17Z",
            "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18936597",
            "note": "",
            "contentType": "text/html",
            "charset": "",
            "tags": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:42:10Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:42:10Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "VSFD6G9E",
        "version": 172,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/VSFD6G9E",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/VSFD6G9E",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "George et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2008-12",
            "numChildren": 1
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "VSFD6G9E",
            "version": 172,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Biopsychosocial influence on exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness at the shoulder: pain catastrophizing and catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) diplotype predict pain ratings",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Steven Z",
                    "lastName": "George"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Geoffrey C",
                    "lastName": "Dover"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Margaret R",
                    "lastName": "Wallace"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Brandon K",
                    "lastName": "Sack"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Deborah M",
                    "lastName": "Herbstman"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Ece",
                    "lastName": "Aydog"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Roger B",
                    "lastName": "Fillingim"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE: The experience of pain is believed to be influenced by psychologic and genetic factors. A previous study suggested pain catastrophizing and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype influenced clinical pain ratings for patients seeking operative treatment of shoulder pain. This study investigated whether these same psychologic and genetic factors predicted responses to induced shoulder pain.\nMETHODS: Participants (n=63) completed self-report questionnaires and had COMT genotype determined before performing a standardized fatigue protocol to induce delayed onset muscle soreness. Then, shoulder pain ratings, self-report of upper-extremity disability ratings, and muscle torque production were reassessed 24, 48, and 72 hours later.\nRESULTS: This cohort consisted of 35 women and 28 men, with a mean age of 20.9 years (SD=1.7). The frequency of COMT diplotypes was 42 with \"high COMT enzyme activity\" (low pain sensitivity group) and 21 with \"low COMT enzyme activity\" (average pain sensitivity/high pain sensitivity group). A hierarchical regression model indicated that an interaction between pain catastrophizing and COMT diplotype was the strongest unique predictor of 72-hour pain ratings. The same interaction was not predictive of self-report of disability or muscle torque production at 72 hours. The pain catastrophizingxCOMT diplotype interaction indicated that participants with high pain catastrophizing and low COMT enzyme activity (average pain sensitivity/high pain sensitivity group) were more likely (relative risk=3.5, P=0.025) to have elevated pain intensity ratings (40/100 or higher).\nDISCUSSION: These findings from an experimental model converge with those from a surgical cohort and provide additional evidence that the presence of elevated pain catastrophizing and COMT diplotype indicative of low COMT enzyme activity have the potential to increase the risk of developing chronic pain syndromes.",
            "publicationTitle": "The Clinical journal of pain",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2008 Nov-Dec",
            "volume": "24",
            "issue": "9",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "793-801",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Clin J Pain",
            "DOI": "10.1097/AJP.0b013e31817bcb65",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1536-5409",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "Biopsychosocial influence on exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness at the shoulder",
            "language": "eng",
            "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "PMID: 18936597 \nPMCID: PMC2669668",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Adult",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Catechol O-Methyltransferase",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Cohort Studies",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Exercise",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Female",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Genotype",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Humans",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Male",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Models, Biological",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Muscle Fatigue",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Pain measurement",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Predictive Value of Tests",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Questionnaires",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Reproducibility of Results",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Shoulder Pain",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "pain",
                    "type": 1
                }
            ],
            "collections": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:42:10Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:42:10Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "8WPDVEJT",
        "version": 171,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/8WPDVEJT",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/8WPDVEJT",
                "type": "text/html"
            },
            "up": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/HDEGCG5Z",
                "type": "application/json"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            }
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "8WPDVEJT",
            "version": 171,
            "parentItem": "HDEGCG5Z",
            "itemType": "attachment",
            "linkMode": "linked_url",
            "title": "PubMed entry",
            "accessDate": "2013-11-21T14:23:57Z",
            "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24028848",
            "note": "",
            "contentType": "text/html",
            "charset": "",
            "tags": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:41:13Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:41:13Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "HDEGCG5Z",
        "version": 171,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/HDEGCG5Z",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/HDEGCG5Z",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Sharpe et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2013-09-09",
            "numChildren": 1
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "HDEGCG5Z",
            "version": 171,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Avoidance of affective pain stimuli predicts chronicity in patients with acute low back pain",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Louise",
                    "lastName": "Sharpe"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Sonia",
                    "lastName": "Haggman"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Michael",
                    "lastName": "Nicholas"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Blake F",
                    "lastName": "Dear"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Kathryn",
                    "lastName": "Refshauge"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "This prospective study of acute and sub-acute low back pain (LBP) patients was conducted to assess whether attentional biases predicted chronic pain status 3 and 6months later. The attentional biases of 100 LBP patients were assessed within 3months of developing pain and 6months later. Participants also completed measures associated with outcome at 3 assessment points: baseline, 3 and 6months later. Current pain status was assessed at follow-ups. Patients were classified as those that met standard criteria for chronic pain or those who did not (i.e., the comparison group). At baseline, participants demonstrated a bias toward sensory pain words. However, biases toward sensory pain words did not differentiate those who subsequently developed chronic pain and those who did not at either follow-up. The same bias was observed 6months later, but again it failed to distinguish between the chronic pain and comparison groups. However, subjects who developed chronic pain at both 3 (n=22) and 6 (n=21) months demonstrated biases away from affective pain words at baseline but not 6months later, in comparison to other participants. These results remained significant in multivariate analyses. These findings are consistent with patterns observed in the previous research, and suggest that avoidance of emotionally laden pain-related stimuli (i.e., affective pain words) is associated with negative outcomes for LBP patients in the acute and sub-acute phase. This research suggests that attentional biases in relation to pain-related stimuli are important for the development of chronic pain, but are more complex than initially thought.",
            "publicationTitle": "Pain",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Sep 9, 2013",
            "volume": "",
            "issue": "",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Pain",
            "DOI": "10.1016/j.pain.2013.09.004",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1872-6623",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "ENG",
            "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "PMID: 24028848",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:41:13Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:41:13Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "PEKZ92DA",
        "version": 170,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/PEKZ92DA",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/PEKZ92DA",
                "type": "text/html"
            },
            "up": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/3VWQN75A",
                "type": "application/json"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            }
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "PEKZ92DA",
            "version": 170,
            "parentItem": "3VWQN75A",
            "itemType": "attachment",
            "linkMode": "linked_url",
            "title": "PubMed entry",
            "accessDate": "2014-01-18T20:28:54Z",
            "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23328328",
            "note": "",
            "contentType": "text/html",
            "charset": "",
            "tags": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:40:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:40:20Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "3VWQN75A",
        "version": 170,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/3VWQN75A",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/3VWQN75A",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "McWilliams and Higgins",
            "parsedDate": "2013-06",
            "numChildren": 1
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "3VWQN75A",
            "version": 170,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Associations between pain conditions and borderline personality disorder symptoms: findings from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Lachlan A",
                    "lastName": "McWilliams"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Kristen S",
                    "lastName": "Higgins"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVES: Associations between 4 forms of pain (ie, arthritis, severe/frequent headaches, chronic spinal pain, and other chronic pain) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms were investigated in the general population.\nMETHODS: Data from part II of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (N=5692) were used. Pain conditions were assessed with self-reports. Arthritis was assessed on a lifetime basis. For the other pain conditions, variables were created to identify those with a remitted condition and those experiencing the condition in the past year. BPD symptoms were assessed with items from the International Personality Disorder Examination Screening Questionnaire. Axis I disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.\nRESULTS: Multiple regression analyses adjusting for sociodemographic variables and past-year psychiatric disorders indicated that those with a history of each pain condition (either remitted or past-year) had higher levels of BPD symptoms relative to those with a lifetime absence of the condition. For each condition, follow-up analyses indicated that those experiencing the condition in the past year had higher levels of BPD symptoms than those reporting a remitted condition. After adjusting for axis I psychiatric disorders, only the difference between the remitted and past-year severe/frequent headache groups remained significant.\nDISCUSSION: This is the first study to demonstrate that BPD symptoms are positively associated with chronic spinal pain, severe/frequent headaches, and other chronic pain conditions in a sample representative of the general population. The findings also suggest that relationships between remitted pain conditions and BPD symptoms warrant additional study.",
            "publicationTitle": "The Clinical journal of pain",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Jun 2013",
            "volume": "29",
            "issue": "6",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "527-532",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Clin J Pain",
            "DOI": "10.1097/AJP.0b013e31826ab5d0",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1536-5409",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "Associations between pain conditions and borderline personality disorder symptoms",
            "language": "eng",
            "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "PMID: 23328328",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Adolescent",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Adult",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Aged",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Borderline personality disorder",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Comorbidity",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Female",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Health Surveys",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Humans",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Male",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Middle Aged",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Pain measurement",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Questionnaires",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Regression Analysis",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Young Adult",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "pain",
                    "type": 1
                }
            ],
            "collections": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:40:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:40:20Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "FB5KUXFU",
        "version": 169,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/FB5KUXFU",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/FB5KUXFU",
                "type": "text/html"
            },
            "up": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/H78FZ9R4",
                "type": "application/json"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            }
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "FB5KUXFU",
            "version": 169,
            "parentItem": "H78FZ9R4",
            "itemType": "attachment",
            "linkMode": "imported_url",
            "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot",
            "accessDate": "2014-01-28T17:58:01Z",
            "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.med.nyu.edu/science/article/pii/S0304395908000031",
            "note": "",
            "contentType": "text/html",
            "charset": "utf-8",
            "filename": "S0304395908000031.html",
            "md5": null,
            "mtime": null,
            "tags": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:03:39Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:03:39Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "WXB3KGHX",
        "version": 169,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/WXB3KGHX",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/WXB3KGHX",
                "type": "text/html"
            },
            "up": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/H78FZ9R4",
                "type": "application/json"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "WXB3KGHX",
            "version": 169,
            "parentItem": "H78FZ9R4",
            "itemType": "attachment",
            "linkMode": "imported_url",
            "title": "ScienceDirect Full Text PDF",
            "accessDate": "2014-01-28T17:58:01Z",
            "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.med.nyu.edu/science/article/pii/S0304395908000031/pdfft?md5=be8e2be80901c5175ba76f429fad9935&pid=1-s2.0-S0304395908000031-main.pdf",
            "note": "",
            "contentType": "application/pdf",
            "charset": "",
            "filename": "Clapp et al. - 2008 - An examination of the synergy of pain and PTSD on .pdf",
            "md5": null,
            "mtime": null,
            "tags": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:03:39Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:03:39Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "H78FZ9R4",
        "version": 169,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 22597,
            "name": "Pain, Psychology, Psychiatry",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/22597/items/H78FZ9R4",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pain_psychology_psychiatry/items/H78FZ9R4",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 176549,
                "username": "drmbsmith",
                "name": "Matthew B. Smith",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/drmbsmith",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Clapp et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2008-08-31",
            "numChildren": 2
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "H78FZ9R4",
            "version": 169,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "An examination of the synergy of pain and PTSD on quality of life: Additive or multiplicative effects?",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Joshua D.",
                    "lastName": "Clapp"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "J. Gayle",
                    "lastName": "Beck"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Sarah A.",
                    "lastName": "Palyo"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "DeMond M.",
                    "lastName": "Grant"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Although models have been proposed to explain common factors that maintain comorbid pain and PTSD [Sharp TJ, Harvey AG. Chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder: mutual maintenance? Clin Psychol Rev 2001; 21: 857–77], the exact nature of the relationship between these two conditions and their impact on quality of life (QOL) is unknown. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the unique and interactive effects of PTSD and pain on role functioning and life satisfaction – two important domains of QOL. The study utilized a help-seeking sample of motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors whose accidents resulted in symptoms of comorbid PTSD and pain (N = 192). Hierarchical regression models were used to examine the relationship between four PTSD symptom clusters, pain, and the interaction of each cluster and pain on role functioning and life satisfaction separately. Results of these analyses revealed a significant interaction of pain and emotional numbing on role functioning, suggesting a multiplicative effect on this domain of QOL. Decomposition of this interaction revealed a negative association between numbing and functioning at low levels of pain but no relationship at higher levels. A marginal interaction of pain and hyperarousal also was noted for life satisfaction. Decomposition of the interaction effect revealed a marginal association between hyperarousal and decreased satisfaction only at high levels of pain. A main effect of emotional numbing on decreased life satisfaction also was observed in this model, suggesting a unique influence of numbing. The results of the current research indicate that the synergistic relationship of pain and PTSD may vary across domains of QOL.",
            "publicationTitle": "PAIN",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "August 31, 2008",
            "volume": "138",
            "issue": "2",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "301-309",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "PAIN",
            "DOI": "10.1016/j.pain.2008.01.001",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304395908000031",
            "accessDate": "2014-01-28T17:58:01Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "0304-3959",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "An examination of the synergy of pain and PTSD on quality of life",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Emotional numbing",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Motor vehicle accident",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Posttraumatic stress disorder",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Quality of Life",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "pain",
                    "type": 1
                }
            ],
            "collections": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-02-02T01:03:39Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-02-02T01:03:39Z"
        }
    }
]