[ { "key": "PK4NP4BT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/PK4NP4BT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/PK4NP4BT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Adney and Baker", "parsedDate": "1996-08-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PK4NP4BT", "version": 1, "itemType": "document", "title": "Measurement of Cellulase Activities", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Adney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Baker" } ], "abstractNote": "", "type": "", "date": "8/12/1996", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/pdfs/42628.pdf", "accessDate": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-10T19:48:25Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-10T19:48:25Z" } }, { "key": "URFBJV8F", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/URFBJV8F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/URFBJV8F", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Morvai-Vitányi et al.", "parsedDate": "1993-12-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "URFBJV8F", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Simultaneous GC derivatization and quantification of acids and sugars", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Morvai-Vitányi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I.", "lastName": "Molnár-Perl" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Knausz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Sass" } ], "abstractNote": "N-methoxy-N,O-bistrimethylsilyl carbamate (BSMOC) has been introduced as a ‘one step’ derivatizing agent to determine nonvolatile acids and sugars in a single injection by gas-liquid chromatography. A systematic study has been carried out to optimize the derivatization conditions. Reproducibility data showed that>0.04 μg of acids in the presence of<6 μg of sugars can be measured with a relative standard error (R.S.E.) of 6.5% or less. After a simple preparation of fresh apple sample, sugars were converted to their methoximetrimethylsilyl and the acids to their trimethylsilyl derivatives, with BSMOC, simultaneously.", "publicationTitle": "Chromatographia", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 09, 1993", "volume": "36", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "204-206", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/BF02263864", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263864", "accessDate": "2009-07-06T16:51:06Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-10T12:46:48Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-10T12:46:48Z" } }, { "key": "297ZXEK5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/297ZXEK5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/297ZXEK5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fischer et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "297ZXEK5", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Selection and optimization of microbial hosts for biofuels production", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Curt R.", "lastName": "Fischer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel", "lastName": "Klein-Marcuschamer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gregory", "lastName": "Stephanopoulos" } ], "abstractNote": "Currently, the predominant microbially produced biofuel is starch- or sugar-derived ethanol. However, ethanol is not an ideal fuel molecule, and lignocellulosic feedstocks are considerably more abundant than both starch and sugar. Thus, many improvements in both the feedstock and the fuel have been proposed. In this paper, we examine the prospects for bioproduction of four second-generation biofuels (n-butanol, 2-butanol, terpenoids, or higher lipids) from four feedstocks (sugars and starches, lignocellulosics, syngas, and atmospheric carbon dioxide). The principal obstacle to commercial production of these fuels is that microbial catalysts of robust yields, productivities, and titers have yet to be developed. Suitable microbial hosts for biofuel production must tolerate process stresses such as end-product toxicity and tolerance to fermentation inhibitors in order to achieve high yields and titers. We tested seven fast-growing host organisms for tolerance to production stresses, and discuss several metabolic engineering strategies for the improvement of biofuels production.", "publicationTitle": "Metabolic Engineering", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 2008", "volume": "10", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "295-304", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.ymben.2008.06.009", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WN3-4SWWT91-1/2/c03825cc9a2e8994ad5142b08020a0f7", "accessDate": "2009-07-09T15:01:20Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1096-7176", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biofuels", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Butanol", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ETHANOL", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Host organism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Strain optimization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stress tolerance", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-10T12:46:48Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-10T12:46:48Z" } }, { "key": "25PWWDT5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/25PWWDT5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/25PWWDT5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ophardt", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "25PWWDT5", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Carbohydrates - Cellulose", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charles E.", "lastName": "Ophardt" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "2003", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/547cellulose.html", "accessDate": "2009-07-08T17:53:52Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-10T12:46:48Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-10T12:46:48Z" } }, { "key": "CJQ8ZHB4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/CJQ8ZHB4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/CJQ8ZHB4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gupta et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CJQ8ZHB4", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) of Prosopis juliflora, a woody substrate, for the production of cellulosic ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis-NCIM 3498", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rishi", "lastName": "Gupta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Krishna Kant", "lastName": "Sharma" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ramesh Chander", "lastName": "Kuhad" } ], "abstractNote": "Prosopis juliflora (Mesquite) is a raw material for long-term sustainable production of cellulosics ethanol. In this study, we used acid pretreatment, delignification and enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the pretreatment to produce more sugar, to be fermented to ethanol. Dilute H2SO4 (3.0%, v/v) treatment resulted in hydrolysis of hemicelluloses from lignocellulosic complex to pentose sugars along with other byproducts such as furfural, hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), phenolics and acetic acid. The acid pretreated substrate was delignified to the extent of 93.2% by the combined action of sodium sulphite (5.0%, w/v) and sodium chlorite (3.0%, w/v). The remaining cellulosic residue was enzymatically hydrolyzed in 0.05 M citrate phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) using 3.0 U of filter paper cellulase (FPase) and 9.0 U of [beta]-glucosidase per mL of citrate phosphate buffer. The maximum enzymatic saccharification of cellulosic material (82.8%) was achieved after 28 h incubation at 50 °C. The fermentation of both acid and enzymatic hydrolysates, containing 18.24 g/L and 37.47 g/L sugars, with Pichia stipitis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced 7.13 g/L and 18.52 g/L of ethanol with corresponding yield of 0.39 g/g and 0.49 g/g, respectively.", "publicationTitle": "Bioresource Technology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 2009", "volume": "100", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1214-1220", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.biortech.2008.08.033", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V24-4TK7X6C-3/2/80a0e513eff76b0945e46a6ba0efbbf6", "accessDate": "2009-06-26T14:00:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-8524", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Acid hydrolysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Enzymatic hydrolysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fermentation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lignocellulosic biomass", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prosopis juliflora", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "ZPVZ5TCQ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/ZPVZ5TCQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/ZPVZ5TCQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hoebler et al.", "parsedDate": "1989-03-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZPVZ5TCQ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Rapid acid hydrolysis of plant cell wall polysaccharides and simplified quantitative determination of their neutral monosaccharides by gas-liquid chromatography", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christine", "lastName": "Hoebler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean Luc", "lastName": "Barry" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Agnes", "lastName": "David" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean", "lastName": "Delort-Laval" } ], "abstractNote": "A rapid method for the determination of plant cell wall neutral polysaccharides is described. A two-step\nacid hydrolysis procedure, suitable for a wide range of plant cell wall materials, has been developed.\nThe effect of several parameters (substrate particle size, reaction time, temperature) on the hydrolysis\nrate of various substrates (microcrystalline cellulose, wheat straw, beet pulp, soybean hull, sunflower\nhusk) has been studied. Among tested parameters, sample particle size and primary hydrolysis temperature\npredominantly affect acid degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides. Maximal substrate\nhydrolysis rate is obtained with finely ground materials (average particle size 80 X 10^-3 mm) submitted\nto a 30-min primary hydrolysis carried out at 25 O C in 72% sulfuric acid, followed by a 120-min secondary\nhydrolysis in boiling 2 N sulfuric acid. Neutral sugars released by hydrolysis are quantitatively determined,\nafter reduction and acetylation, by gas-liquid chromatography. In the optimized procedure,\nalditol acetates are totally recovered and reagents interfering in chromatographic separation are eliminated.\nThe validity of the proposed procedure has been tested with various plant materials.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 01, 1989", "volume": "37", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "360-367", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1021/jf00086a020", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00086a020", "accessDate": "2009-06-24T17:38:24Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACS Publications", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "X7H77ZE5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/X7H77ZE5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/X7H77ZE5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Atsumi et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-01-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "X7H77ZE5", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Non-fermentative pathways for synthesis of branched-chain higher alcohols as biofuels", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shota", "lastName": "Atsumi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Taizo", "lastName": "Hanai" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James C.", "lastName": "Liao" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 03, 2008", "volume": "451", "issue": "7174", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "86-89", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nature", "DOI": "10.1038/nature06450", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06450", "accessDate": "2009-06-29T19:19:29Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Nature", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "TCQCDZXK", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/TCQCDZXK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/TCQCDZXK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Almeida et al.", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TCQCDZXK", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Increased tolerance and conversion of inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates by Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joao RM", "lastName": "Almeida" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Tobias Modig" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Anneli Petersson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Barbel Hahn-Hagerdal" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Gunnar Liden" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Marie F Gorwa-Grauslund" } ], "abstractNote": "During hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, monomeric sugars and a broad range of inhibitory compounds are formed and released. These inhibitors, which can be organized around three main groups, furans, weak acids and phenolics, reduce ethanol yield and productivity by affecting the microorganism performance during the fermentation step. Among the microorganisms that have been evaluated for lignocellulosic hydrolysate ethanol fermentation, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae appears to be the least sensitive. In order to overcome the effect of inhibitors, strategies that include improvement of natural tolerance of microorganism and use of fermentation control strategies have been developed. An overview of the origin, effects and mechanisms of action of known inhibitors on S. cerevisiae is given. Fermentation control strategies as well as metabolic, genetic and evolutionary engineering strategies to obtain S. cerevisiae strains with improved tolerance are discussed. Copyright � 2007 Society of Chemical Industry", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "82", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "340-349", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/jctb.1676", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1676", "accessDate": "2009-06-24T14:12:22Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley InterScience", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "5TUDQJT3", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/5TUDQJT3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/5TUDQJT3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Piskur et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5TUDQJT3", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "How did Saccharomyces evolve to become a good brewer?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Piskur" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Rozpedowska" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Polakova" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Merico" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Compagno" } ], "abstractNote": "Brewing and wine production are among the oldest\ntechnologies and their products are almost indispensable\nin our lives. The central biological agents of beer\nand wine fermentation are yeasts belonging to the\ngenus Saccharomyces, which can accumulate ethanol.\nRecent advances in comparative genomics and bioinformatics\nhave made it possible to elucidate when and why\nyeasts produce ethanol in high concentrations, and how\nthis remarkable trait originated and developed during\ntheir evolutionary history. Two research groups have\nshed light on the origin of the genes encoding alcohol\ndehydrogenase and the process of ethanol accumulation\nin Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "publicationTitle": "Trends in Genetics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "22", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "183-186", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "W388X2PM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/W388X2PM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/W388X2PM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Huber and Dale", "parsedDate": "2009-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "W388X2PM", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Grassoline at the Pump", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "George W.", "lastName": "Huber" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bruce E.", "lastName": "Dale" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Scientific American Magazine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 2009", "volume": "301", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "52-59", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "JIIPTHS6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/JIIPTHS6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/JIIPTHS6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jeffries and Sreenath", "parsedDate": "1988", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JIIPTHS6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Fermentation of hemicellulosic sugars and sugar mixtures by Candida shehatae", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas W.", "lastName": "Jeffries" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hassan K.", "lastName": "Sreenath" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Biotechnology and Bioengineering", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1988", "volume": "31", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "502-506", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/bit.260310516", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310516", "accessDate": "2009-07-06T15:52:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley InterScience", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "PMBTVXUW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/PMBTVXUW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/PMBTVXUW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sluiter et al.", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PMBTVXUW", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Determination of sugars, byproducts, and degradation products in liquid fraction process samples", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Sluiter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Hames" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Ruiz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Scarlata" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Sluiter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Templeton" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Laboratory Analytical Procedures No. 013", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "volume": "115", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "WTGUHZM8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/WTGUHZM8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/WTGUHZM8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Michel-Savin et al.", "parsedDate": "1990-01-31", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WTGUHZM8", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Control of the selectivity of butyric acid production and improvement of fermentation performance with Clostridium tyrobutyricum", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Michel-Savin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Marchal" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. P.", "lastName": "Vandecasteele" } ], "abstractNote": "The parameters that control fermentation performance of butyrate production have been studied with a selected strain ofClostridium tyrobutyricum. Fed-batch supply of glucose increased productivity for butyrate. The ratio of butyrate to total acids was strongly influenced by the growth rate of the bacteria, acetate being produced along with butyrate at higher growth rates. In glucose-limited, fed-batch cultures, initially produced acetate was re-utilized, resulting in exclusive production of butyrate. In cultures with non-limiting glucose feeding, the butyrate concentration reached 42.5 g·1-1 with a selectivity of 0.90, a productivity of 0.82 g·-1 per hour and a yield of 0.36 g·g-1 The effects of the mode of supply of glucose on the production of butyrate and acetate are discussed in relation with the energy requirements for cell growth.", "publicationTitle": "Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 31, 1990", "volume": "32", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "387-392", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/BF00903770", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00903770", "accessDate": "2009-06-29T15:29:51Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "RUJX3UIM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/RUJX3UIM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/RUJX3UIM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Larsson et al.", "parsedDate": "1999-03-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RUJX3UIM", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Comparison of different methods for the detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolyzates of spruce", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Simona", "lastName": "Larsson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anders", "lastName": "Reimann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nils-Olof", "lastName": "Nilvebrant" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Leif", "lastName": "Jönsson" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract This study describes different detoxification methods to improve both cell growth and ethanol production by Baker's yeast,\nSaccharomyces cerevisiae. A dilute-acid hydrolyzate of spruce was used for the all detoxification methods tested. The changes in the concentrations\nof fermentable sugars and three groups of inhibitory compounds—aliphatic acids, furan derivatives, and phenolic compounds—were\ndetermined and the fermentability of the detoxified hydrolyzate was assayed. The applied detoxification methods included:\ntreatment with alkali (sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide); treatment with sulfite (0.1% [w/v] or 1% [w/v] at pH 5.5 or\n10); evaporation of 10% or 90% of the initial volume; anion exchange (at pH 5.5 or 10); enzymatic detoxification with the\nphenoloxidase laccase; and detoxification with the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. An ion exchange at pH 5.5 or 10, treatment with laccase, treatment with calcium hydroxide, and treatment with T. reesei were the most efficient detoxification methods. Evaporation of 10% of the initial volume and treatment with 0.1% sulfite\nwere the least efficient detoxification methods. Treatment with laccase was the only detoxification method that specifically\nremoved only one group of the inhibitors, namely phenolic compounds. Anion exchange at pH 10 was the most efficient method\nfor removing all three major groups of inhibitory compounds; however, it also resulted in loss of fermentable sugars.", "publicationTitle": "Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 01, 1999", "volume": "77", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "91-103", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1385/ABAB:77:1-3:91", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:77:1-3:91", "accessDate": "2009-06-30T18:29:59Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "C63IH32B", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/C63IH32B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/C63IH32B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bettiga et al.", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "C63IH32B", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Comparing the xylose reductase/xylitol dehydrogenase and xylose isomerase pathways in arabinose and xylose fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maurizio", "lastName": "Bettiga" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bärbel", "lastName": "Hahn-Hägerdal" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marie F", "lastName": "Gorwa-Grauslund" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Ethanolic fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass is a sustainable option for the production of bioethanol. This process would greatly benefit from recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains also able to ferment, besides the hexose sugar fraction, the pentose sugars, arabinose and xylose. Different pathways can be introduced in S. cerevisiae to provide arabinose and xylose utilisation. In this study, the bacterial arabinose isomerase pathway was combined with two different xylose utilisation pathways: the xylose reductase/xylitol dehydrogenase and xylose isomerase pathways, respectively, in genetically identical strains. The strains were compared with respect to aerobic growth in arabinose and xylose batch culture and in anaerobic batch fermentation of a mixture of glucose, arabinose and xylose. RESULTS: The specific aerobic arabinose growth rate was identical, 0.03 h-1, for the xylose reductase/xylitol dehydrogenase and xylose isomerase strain. The xylose reductase/xylitol dehydrogenase strain displayed higher aerobic growth rate on xylose, 0.14 h-1, and higher specific xylose consumption rate in anaerobic batch fermentation, 0.09 g (g cells)-1 h-1 than the xylose isomerase strain, which only reached 0.03 h-1 and 0.02 g (g cells)-1h-1, respectively. Whereas the xylose reductase/xylitol dehydrogenase strain produced higher ethanol yield on total sugars, 0.23 g g-1 compared with 0.18 g g-1 for the xylose isomerase strain, the xylose isomerase strain achieved higher ethanol yield on consumed sugars, 0.41 g g-1 compared with 0.32 g g-1 for the xylose reductase/xylitol dehydrogenase strain. Anaerobic fermentation of a mixture of glucose, arabinose and xylose resulted in higher final ethanol concentration, 14.7 g l-1 for the xylose reductase/xylitol dehydrogenase strain compared with 11.8 g l-1 for the xylose isomerase strain, and in higher specific ethanol productivity, 0.024 g (g cells)-1 h-1 compared with 0.01 g (g cells)-1 h-1 for the xylose reductase/xylitol dehydrogenase strain and the xylose isomerase strain, respectively. CONCLUSION: The combination of the xylose reductase/xylitol dehydrogenase pathway and the bacterial arabinose isomerase pathway resulted in both higher pentose sugar uptake and higher overall ethanol production than the combination of the xylose isomerase pathway and the bacterial arabinose isomerase pathway. Moreover, the flux through the bacterial arabinose pathway did not increase when combined with the xylose isomerase pathway. This suggests that the low activity of the bacterial arabinose pathway cannot be ascribed to arabitol formation via the xylose reductase enzyme.", "publicationTitle": "Biotechnology for Biofuels", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "1", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "16", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biotechnology for Biofuels", "DOI": "10.1186/1754-6834-1-16", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18947407", "accessDate": "2009-06-24T12:30:46Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1754-6834", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 18947407", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "WA69ASZU", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/WA69ASZU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/WA69ASZU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lu et al.", "parsedDate": "2002-03-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WA69ASZU", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Cellulase adsorption and an evaluation of enzyme recycle during hydrolysis of steam-exploded softwood residues", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yanpin", "lastName": "Lu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bin", "lastName": "Yang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Gregg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Saddler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shawn", "lastName": "Mansfield" } ], "abstractNote": "The sugar yield and enzyme adsorption profile obtained during the hydrolysis of SO2-catalyzed steam-exploded Douglas-fir and posttreated steamexploded Douglas-fir substrates were determined. After hot alkali\nperoxide posttreatment, the rates and yield of hydrolysis attained from the posttreated Douglas-fir were significantly higher,\neven at lower enzyme loadings, than those obtained with the corresponding steam-exploded Douglas-fir. The enzymatic adsorption\nprofiles observed during hydrolysis of the two substrates were significantly different. Ultrafiltration was employed to recover\nenzyme in solution (supernatant) and reused in subsequent hydrolysis reactions with added, fresh substrate. These recycle\nfindings suggested that the enzyme remained relatively active for three rounds of recycle. It is likely that enzyme recovery\nand reuse during the hydrolysis of posttreated softwood substrates could lead to reductions in the need for the addition of\nfresh enzyme during softwood-based bioconversion processes.", "publicationTitle": "Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 09, 2002", "volume": "98-100", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "641-654", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:641", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:641", "accessDate": "2009-07-01T20:12:27Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "SR2I3HQ5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/SR2I3HQ5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/SR2I3HQ5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ezeji et al.", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SR2I3HQ5", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Butanol production from agricultural residues: Impact of degradation products on Clostridium beijerinckii growth and butanol fermentation.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Ezeji" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Qureshi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H. P.", "lastName": "Blaschek" } ], "abstractNote": "During pretreatment and hydrolysis of fiberrich\nagricultural biomass, compounds such as salts, furfural,\nhydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), acetic, ferulic, glucuronic,\nr-coumaric acids, and phenolic compounds are produced.\nClostridium beijerinckii BA101 can utilize the individual\nsugars present in lignocellulosic [e.g., corn fiber, distillers\ndry grain solubles (DDGS), etc] hydrolysates such as cellobiose,\nglucose, mannose, arabinose, and xylose. In these\nstudies we investigated the effect of some of the lignocellulosic\nhydrolysate inhibitors associated with C. beijerinckii\nBA101 growth and acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) production.\nWhen 0.3 g/L r-coumaric and ferulic acids were\nintroduced into the fermentation medium, growth and\nABE production by C. beijerinckii BA101 decreased significantly.\nFurfural and HMF are not inhibitory to C. beijerinckii\nBA101; rather they have stimulatory effect on the growth of\nthe microorganism and ABE production.", "publicationTitle": "Biotechnology and Bioengineering", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "97", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1460-1469", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/bit.21373", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Butanol production from agricultural residues", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "AWUBV68T", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/AWUBV68T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/AWUBV68T", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ezeji et al.", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AWUBV68T", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Bioproduction of butanol from biomass: From genes to bioreactors", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T. C.", "lastName": "Ezeji" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Qureshi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H. P.", "lastName": "Blaschek" } ], "abstractNote": "Butanol is produced chemically using either the oxo process\nstarting from propylene (with H2 and CO over a rhodium\ncatalyst) or the aldol process starting from acetaldehyde. The\nkey problems associated with the bioproduction of butanol are\nthe cost of substrate and butanol toxicity/inhibition of the\nfermenting microorganisms, resulting in a low butanol titer in\nthe fermentation broth. Recent interest in the production of\nbiobutanol from biomass has led to the re-examination of\nacetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation, including\nstrategies for reducing or eliminating butanol toxicity to the\nculture and for manipulating the culture to achieve better\nproduct specificity and yield. Advances in integrated\nfermentation and in situ product removal processes have\nresulted in a dramatic reduction of process streams, reduced\nbutanol toxicity to the fermenting microorganisms, improved\nsubstrate utilization, and overall improved bioreactor\nperformance.", "publicationTitle": "Current opinion in biotechnology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "18", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "220-227", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.copbio.2007.04.002", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Bioproduction of butanol from biomass", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "DIMNK3HN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/DIMNK3HN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/DIMNK3HN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Smith", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DIMNK3HN", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Biodegradable polymers for industrial applications", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ray", "lastName": "Smith" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2005", "publisher": "CRC Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "229-230", "ISBN": "0849334667, 9780849334665", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "RX52FTCI", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/RX52FTCI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/RX52FTCI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dien et al.", "parsedDate": "2003-12-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RX52FTCI", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Bacteria engineered for fuel ethanol production: current status", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.S.", "lastName": "Dien" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.A.", "lastName": "Cotta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.W.", "lastName": "Jeffries" } ], "abstractNote": "The lack of industrially suitable microorganisms for converting biomass into fuel ethanol has traditionally been cited as a major technical roadblock to developing a bioethanol industry. In the last two decades, numerous microorganisms have been engineered to selectively produce ethanol. Lignocellulosic biomass contains complex carbohydrates that necessitate utilizing microorganisms capable of fermenting sugars not fermentable by brewers' yeast. The most significant of these is xylose. The greatest successes have been in the engineering of Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Zymomonas mobilis. E. coli and K. oxytoca are naturally able to use a wide spectrum of sugars, and work has concentrated on engineering these strains to selectively produce ethanol. Z. mobilis produces ethanol at high yields, but ferments only glucose and fructose. Work on this organism has concentrated on introducing pathways for the fermentation of arabinose and xylose. The history of constructing these strains and current progress in refining them are detailed in this review.", "publicationTitle": "Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 01, 2003", "volume": "63", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "258-266", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s00253-003-1444-y", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1444-y", "accessDate": "2009-06-24T15:28:36Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Bacteria engineered for fuel ethanol production", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "HXR6QN4I", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/HXR6QN4I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/HXR6QN4I", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "1998-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HXR6QN4I", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Annual book of ASTM standards: Section 11: Water and environmental technology", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "11.05", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1998-08", "publisher": "ASTM International", "place": "West Conshohocken, PA", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "1998 Annual Book of Astm Standards", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "HJ2TDNM8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/HJ2TDNM8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/HJ2TDNM8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Amartey and Jeffries", "parsedDate": "1996-05-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HJ2TDNM8", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "An improvement in Pichia stipitis fermentation of acid-hydrolysed hemicellulose achieved by overliming (calcium hydroxide treatment) and strain adaptation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Amartey" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Jeffries" } ], "abstractNote": "The fermentability of a corn cob, acid-hydrolysed hemicellulose by Pichia stipitis was considerably improved by pre-treatment with Ca(OH)2. The total sugars utilized and ethanol yield for the untreated hydrolysate were 18% and 0.21 g/g, respectively, compared with 82% and 0.32 g/g respectively for the treated material. Adaptation of the yeast to the hydrolysate resulted in a significantly higher fermentation rate with over 90% of the initial total sugars being utilized and an ethanol yield and maximum ethanol concentration of 0.41 g/g and 13.3 g/l, respectively.", "publicationTitle": "World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 01, 1996", "volume": "12", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "281-283", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/BF00360928", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00360928", "accessDate": "2009-06-30T18:28:15Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-06T16:46:38Z" } }, { "key": "HTMRT9FE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/HTMRT9FE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/HTMRT9FE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wyman", "parsedDate": "2007-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HTMRT9FE", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "What is (and is not) vital to advancing cellulosic ethanol", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charles E.", "lastName": "Wyman" } ], "abstractNote": "Ethanol made biologically from cellulosic biomass, including agricultural and forestry residues, portions of municipal waste, and herbaceous and woody crops, is finally being widely recognized as a unique transportation fuel with powerful economic, environmental and strategic attributes. Although underfunded, it has been advanced to be competitive with corn ethanol; however, government policies are needed to overcome the perceived risk of first applications if we are to realize its societal benefits soon. Costs below those for fossil sources are foreseeable, with advances in pretreatment, enzyme production, and enzymatic hydrolysis - the steps that overcome the natural resistance of plants to biological breakdown - offering, by far, the greatest economic leverage. We must also build on the wisdom gained from past experience to avoid directing limited funds to projects that offer little new insight, could have marginal impact on commercial outcomes, or could be better improved through the power and wisdom of the learning curve.", "publicationTitle": "Trends in Biotechnology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 2007", "volume": "25", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "153-157", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.02.009", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TCW-4N3X0CY-1/2/4c395877396eca5a44cbc4be292c8122", "accessDate": "2009-06-12T15:20:30Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0167-7799", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-06-24T12:28:27Z", "dateModified": "2009-06-24T12:28:27Z" } }, { "key": "Q2TTETUT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/Q2TTETUT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/Q2TTETUT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hahn-Hägerdal et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-04-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Q2TTETUT", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Towards industrial pentose-fermenting yeast strains", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bärbel", "lastName": "Hahn-Hägerdal" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kaisa", "lastName": "Karhumaa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "César", "lastName": "Fonseca" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Isabel", "lastName": "Spencer-Martins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marie", "lastName": "Gorwa-Grauslund" } ], "abstractNote": "Production of bioethanol from forest and agricultural products requires a fermenting organism that converts all types of sugars in the raw material to ethanol in high yield and with a high rate. This review summarizes recent research aiming at developing industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the ability to ferment all lignocellulose-derived sugars. The properties required from the industrial yeast strains are discussed in relation to four benchmarks: (1) process water economy, (2) inhibitor tolerance, (3) ethanol yield, and (4) specific ethanol productivity. Of particular importance is the tolerance of the fermenting organism to fermentation inhibitors formed during fractionation/pretreatment and hydrolysis of the raw material, which necessitates the use of robust industrial strain background. While numerous metabolic engineering strategies have been developed in laboratory yeast strains, only a few approaches have been realized in industrial strains. The fermentation performance of the existing industrial pentose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strains in lignocellulose hydrolysate is reviewed. Ethanol yields of more than 0.4 g ethanol/g sugar have been achieved with several xylose-fermenting industrial strains such as TMB 3400, TMB 3006, and 424A(LNF-ST), carrying the heterologous xylose utilization pathway consisting of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase, which demonstrates the potential of pentose fermentation in improving lignocellulosic ethanol production.", "publicationTitle": "Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 01, 2007", "volume": "74", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "937-953", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s00253-006-0827-2", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0827-2", "accessDate": "2009-06-23T15:13:12Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-06-24T12:28:27Z", "dateModified": "2009-06-24T12:28:27Z" } }, { "key": "U3DA84PM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2228, "name": "Biofuels Research", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2228/items/U3DA84PM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biofuels_research/items/U3DA84PM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29070, "username": "stevepohler", "name": "Steve Pohler", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevepohler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Monavari et al.", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "U3DA84PM", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The influence of solid/liquid separation techniques on the sugar yield in two-step dilute acid hydrolysis of softwood followed by enzymatic hydrolysis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sanam", "lastName": "Monavari" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mats", "lastName": "Galbe" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Guido", "lastName": "Zacchi" } ], "abstractNote": "ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Two-step dilute acid hydrolysis of softwood, either as a stand-alone process or as pretreatment before enzymatic hydrolysis, is considered to result in higher sugar yields than one-step acid hydrolysis. However, this requires removal of the liquid between the two steps. In an industrial process, filtration and washing of the material between the two steps is difficult, as it should be performed at high pressure to reduce energy demand. Moreover, the application of pressure leads to more compact solids, which may affect subsequent processing steps. This study was carried out to investigate the influence of pressing the biomass, in combination with the effects of not washing the material, on the sugar yield obtained from two-step dilute acid hydrolysis, with and without subsequent enzymatic digestion of the solids. RESULTS: Washing the material between the two acid hydrolysis steps, followed by enzymatic digestion, resulted in recovery of 96% of the mannose and 81% of the glucose (% of the theoretical) in the liquid fraction, regardless of the choice of dewatering method (pressing or vacuum filtration). Not washing the solids between the two acid hydrolysis steps led to elevated acidity of the remaining solids during the second hydrolysis step, which resulted in lower yields of mannose, 85% and 74% of the theoretical, for the pressed and vacuum-filtered slurry, respectively, due to sugar degradation. However, this increase in acidity resulted in a higher glucose yield (94.2%) from pressed slurry than from filtered slurry (77.6%). CONCLUSION: Pressing the washed material between the two acid hydrolysis steps had no significant negative effect on the sugar yields of the second acid hydrolysis step or on enzymatic hydrolysis. Not washing the material resulted in a harsher second acid hydrolysis step, which caused greater degradation of the sugars during subsequent acid hydrolysis of the solids, particularly in case of the vacuum-filtered solids. However, pressing in combination with not washing the material between the two steps enhanced the sugar yield of the enzymatic digestion step. Hence, it is suggested that the unwashed slurry be pressed to as high a dry matter content as possible between the two acid hydrolysis stages in order to achieve high final sugar yields.", "publicationTitle": "Biotechnology for Biofuels", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2009", "volume": "2", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "6", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biotechnol Biofuels", "DOI": "10.1186/1754-6834-2-6", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19291286", "accessDate": "2009-06-12T15:08:39Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1754-6834", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 19291286", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-06-24T12:28:27Z", "dateModified": "2009-06-24T12:28:27Z" } } ]