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"up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/222072/items/FEW8QPTK", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1608526, "username": "matthewsmith12", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/matthewsmith12", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "EP5INUEJ", "version": 2, "parentItem": "FEW8QPTK", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Layout 1 - Wp344.pdf", "accessDate": "2013-10-02T13:43:37Z", "url": "http://www.ids.ac.uk/files/dmfile/Wp344.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "utf-8", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-09T20:14:40Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-09T20:14:40Z" } }, { "key": "5N9PUNUU", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 222072, "name": "Defining Openness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/defining_openness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/222072/items/5N9PUNUU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/defining_openness/items/5N9PUNUU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1608526, "username": "matthewsmith12", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/matthewsmith12", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "John", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "5N9PUNUU", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Social Logics of Sharing", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicholas A.", "lastName": "John" } ], "abstractNote": "This article explores the concept of sharing in three distinct spheres: Web 2.0, whose constitutive activity is sharing (links, photos, status updates, and so on); “sharing economies” of production and consumption; and intimate interpersonal relationships, in which the therapeutic ethos includes a cultural requirement that we share our emotions. It is argued that a range of distributive and communicative practices—not all of which are entirely new—are converging under the metaphor of sharing. Thus, practices in one sphere are conceptualized in terms of practices from other spheres. What all three spheres of sharing have in common are values such as equality, mutuality, honesty, openness, empathy, and an ethic of care. Moreover, they all challenge prevalent perceptions of the proper boundary between the public and the private.", "publicationTitle": "The Communication Review", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "16", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "113-131", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/10714421.2013.807119", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10714421.2013.807119", "accessDate": "2013-10-02T13:34:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1071-4421", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-09T20:14:40Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-09T20:14:40Z" } }, { "key": "QRRUWCGZ", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 222072, "name": "Defining Openness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/defining_openness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/222072/items/QRRUWCGZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/defining_openness/items/QRRUWCGZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1608526, "username": "matthewsmith12", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/matthewsmith12", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bott and Young", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "QRRUWCGZ", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Role of Crowdsourcing for Better Governance in International Development", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maja", "lastName": "Bott" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gregor", "lastName": "Young" } ], "abstractNote": "T his paper, originally produced in longer format for the World Bank Group,\nis meant to be a primer on crowdsourcing as an informational resource for development, crisis response, and post-conflict recovery. Inherent in the theoretical approach is that broader, unencumbered articipation in governance is an objectively positive and democratic aim, and that governments’ accountability can be increased and poor performance corrected through openness and empowerment of citizens. Whether used for tracking flows of aid, reporting on poor government performance, or helping to organize grassroots movements, crowdsourcing has\npotential to change the reality of civic participation in many developing countries. The objective of this paper is to outline the theoretical justifications, key features, and governance structures of crowdsourcing systems, and to examine several cases in which crowdsourcing has been applied to complex issues in the developing world.", "publicationTitle": "Praxis The Fletcher Journal of Human Security", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "XXVII", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "47-70", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-09T20:14:40Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-09T20:14:40Z" } }, { "key": "735ZUJAN", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 222072, "name": "Defining Openness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/defining_openness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/222072/items/735ZUJAN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/defining_openness/items/735ZUJAN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1608526, "username": "matthewsmith12", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/matthewsmith12", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "735ZUJAN", "version": 2, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Technologies for Transparency and Accountability: Implications for ICT Policy and Recommendations", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "Scribd", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.scribd.com/doc/75642405/Technologies-for-Transparency-and-Accountability-Implications-for-ICT-Policy-and-Recommendations", "accessDate": "2013-10-02T14:23:47Z", "shortTitle": "Technologies for Transparency and Accountability", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-09T20:14:40Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-09T20:14:40Z" } }, { "key": "TNKGZAP7", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 222072, "name": "Defining Openness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/defining_openness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/222072/items/TNKGZAP7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/defining_openness/items/TNKGZAP7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1608526, "username": "matthewsmith12", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/matthewsmith12", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Puri and Sahay", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "TNKGZAP7", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Role of ICTs in participatory development: An Indian experience", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Satish K.", "lastName": "Puri" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sundeep", "lastName": "Sahay" } ], "abstractNote": "Participation of local communities has been important at least in two domains: (a) rural development processes in developing countries and (b) information systems design. The issue of participation becomes especially important in the contemporary contexts in which the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is being integrated within rural development initiatives in developing countries, for example in e-governance. This article attempts to synthesize the issues around participation from both IS and development studies literature in order to identify four key problematic areas: viz., (a) who defines the participation agenda, (b) what capabilities do stakeholders have to participate and how can this be strengthened, (c) what is the role of institutional conditions in enabling effective participation, and (d) how do local participatory processes experiences get integrated into broader networks to become sustainable. These four themes provide a theoretical framework to analyze how the use of ICTs is reconfiguring the dynamics between participation, rural development, and ICTs. This framework is applied in the context of an ICT initiative for rural development in India. Implications for both theory and practice are developed based on the need to judiciously integrate both structural and behavioral approaches to participation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.", "publicationTitle": "Information Technology for Development", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "13", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "133–160", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/itdj.20058", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/itdj.20058/abstract", "accessDate": "2013-10-02T13:33:58Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1554-0170", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Role of ICTs in participatory development", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Gyandoot", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ICTs in rural development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "IS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "India", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "community networks", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "participation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-09T20:14:40Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-09T20:14:40Z" } }, { "key": "VW986887", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 222072, "name": "Defining Openness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/defining_openness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/222072/items/VW986887", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/defining_openness/items/VW986887", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1608526, "username": "matthewsmith12", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/matthewsmith12", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bliss and Neumann", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "VW986887", "version": 2, "itemType": "report", "title": "Participation in International Development Discourse and Practice: \"State of the Art\" and Challenges", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Frank", "lastName": "Bliss" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stefan", "lastName": "Neumann" } ], "abstractNote": "Participation has become one of the most important buzzwords in the international development discourse since at least the middle of the 1990s. In the same way as older key terms such as gender and socio -cultural conditions of development, or new concepts such as good governance and ownership, the increasing claims for participation (of target groups, of beneficiaries, of stake‐holders etc.) are usually accompanied by a critical assessment of previous development cooperation which needs to be improved by stronger, more comprehensive or target‐oriented participation. However, this positive connotation of participation shared by almost all actors in the field is increasingly challenged through critical remarks forwarded by theoreticians and practitioners alike. \n\nIn this article the authors provide a critical overview of the dimensions and meanings of “participation” for different actors and in different contexts, and they summarize and analyze the current controversy surrounding the concept and its implementation. One important finding is that in many development programmes (from the project level to sector ‐ wide approaches) and Poverty Reduction Strategy processes, participation is seen and implemented in a functional and utilitarian way to achieve predefined objectives, and not as a tool for empowerment. The same holds for the actors from bilateral and multilateral aid agencies, including many Nongovernmental Organisations. \n\nFrom this review current challenges of participation and development are derived and discussed, including key issues such as legitimacy and representation of various groups of stakeholders, participation and decentralisation, participation and civil society, participationand the poor, and participation and conflict.", "reportNumber": "94/2008", "reportType": "", "institution": "Institute for Development and Peace, Universitat Duisburge-Essen", "place": "", "date": "2008", "seriesTitle": "INEF-Report", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://inef.uni-due.de/page/documents/Report94.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-09T20:14:40Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-09T20:14:40Z" } }, { "key": "FEW8QPTK", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 222072, "name": "Defining Openness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/defining_openness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/222072/items/FEW8QPTK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/defining_openness/items/FEW8QPTK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1608526, "username": "matthewsmith12", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/matthewsmith12", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chambers", "parsedDate": "2010-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "FEW8QPTK", "version": 2, "itemType": "report", "title": "Paradigms, Poverty and Adaptive Pluralism", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Chambers" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "344", "reportType": "Working Paper", "institution": "Institute for Development Studies", "place": "", "date": "July, 2010", "seriesTitle": "IDS Working Paper", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ids.ac.uk/files/dmfile/Wp344.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "complexity" }, { "tag": "diversity" }, { "tag": "methodologies" }, { "tag": "paradigms" }, { "tag": "participatory" }, { "tag": "pluralism" }, { "tag": "poverty" }, { "tag": "professionalism" }, { "tag": "realities" }, { "tag": "technology" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-09T20:14:40Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-09T20:14:40Z" } }, { "key": "K8EAAJI7", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 222072, "name": "Defining Openness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/defining_openness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/222072/items/K8EAAJI7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/defining_openness/items/K8EAAJI7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1608526, "username": "matthewsmith12", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/matthewsmith12", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "John", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "K8EAAJI7", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "File Sharing and the History of Computing: Or, Why File Sharing is Called “File Sharing”", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicholas A.", "lastName": "John" } ], "abstractNote": "Attempts by the state and the entertainment industry to impose the term “piracy” on practices of digital file sharing have been challenged by academics and activists alike. The notion of “file sharing,” however, seems to have escaped our attention. By placing that term in the context of the history of computing, where sharing of different kinds has always been a central feature, and by drawing on a nuanced understanding of the many meanings of “sharing,” this article shows that “file sharing,” unlike “piracy,” is a bottom-up term that has emerged from the field itself. The article shows that those who oppose the term “file sharing” certainly have good strategic reason to do so: sharing is by definition a positive social value and bestows a warm glow upon that which it touches. It is argued, though, that we should not allow the “war on piracy” metaphor to gain the ascendancy—not only because “piracy” is a such a negative term, and not only for strategic reasons, but also, and mainly, because when we call file sharing “file sharing” we are issuing a critical challenge to the current copyright regime.", "publicationTitle": "Critical Studies in Media Communication", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "0", "issue": "0", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-14", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/15295036.2013.824597", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15295036.2013.824597", "accessDate": "2013-10-02T17:48:31Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1529-5036", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "File Sharing and the History of Computing", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-09T20:14:40Z", "dateModified": "2013-10-09T20:14:40Z" } } ]