[
    {
        "key": "9X2PQCUU",
        "version": 49,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/9X2PQCUU",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/9X2PQCUU",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Graham",
            "parsedDate": "2010",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "9X2PQCUU",
            "version": 49,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "NEOGEOGRAPHY AND THE PALIMPSESTS OF PLACE: WEB 2.0 AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF A VIRTUAL EARTH: NEOGEOGRAPHY AND THE PALIMPSESTS OF PLACE",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Mark",
                    "lastName": "Graham"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "09/2010",
            "volume": "101",
            "issue": "4",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "422-436",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10/bqv48x",
            "citationKey": "grahamNEOGEOGRAPHYPALIMPSESTSPLACE2010",
            "url": "http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2009.00563.x",
            "accessDate": "2013-09-17T10:46:45Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "0040747X",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "NEOGEOGRAPHY AND THE PALIMPSESTS OF PLACE",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [
                "7H9V8M2J",
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:29:39Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "MX3C756K",
        "version": 49,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/MX3C756K",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/MX3C756K",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Terras",
            "parsedDate": "2011",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "MX3C756K",
            "version": 49,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "The digital wunderkammer: Flickr as a platform for amateur cultural and heritage content",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Melissa",
                    "lastName": "Terras"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "Library Trends",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2011",
            "volume": "59",
            "issue": "4",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "686–706",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10/dn24cq",
            "citationKey": "terrasDigitalWunderkammerFlickr2011",
            "url": "http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/library_trends/v059/59.4.terras.html",
            "accessDate": "2013-10-03T12:25:09Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "The digital wunderkammer",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [
                "DHR24V2I",
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:29:55Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "GIWTPBWN",
        "version": 48,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/GIWTPBWN",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/GIWTPBWN",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Bruns",
            "parsedDate": "2008",
            "numChildren": 1
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "GIWTPBWN",
            "version": 48,
            "itemType": "book",
            "title": "Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and Beyond: From Production to Produsage",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Axel",
                    "lastName": "Bruns"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "We -- the users turned creators and distributors of content -- are TIME's Person of the Year 2006, and AdAge's Advertising Agency of the Year 2007. We form a new Generation C. We have MySpace, YouTube, and OurMedia; we run social software, and drive the development of Web 2.0. But beyond the hype, what's really going on? In this groundbreaking exploration of our developing participatory online culture, Axel Bruns establishes the core principles which drive the rise of collaborative content creation in environments, from open source through blogs and Wikipedia to Second Life. This book shows that what's emerging here is no longer just a new form of content production, but a new process for the continuous creation and extension of knowledge and art by collaborative communities: produsage. The implications of the gradual shift from production to produsage are profound, and will affect the very core of our culture, economy, society, and democracy.",
            "series": "",
            "seriesNumber": "",
            "volume": "",
            "numberOfVolumes": "",
            "edition": "",
            "date": "2008",
            "publisher": "Peter Lang",
            "place": "",
            "originalDate": "",
            "originalPublisher": "",
            "originalPlace": "",
            "format": "",
            "numPages": "436",
            "ISBN": "978-0-8204-8866-0",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "brunsBlogsWikipediaSecond2008",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "ISSN": "",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and Beyond",
            "language": "en",
            "libraryCatalog": "Google Books",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Art / General",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Computers / Interactive & Multimedia",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Computers / Social Aspects / Human-Computer Interaction",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Computers / Virtual Worlds",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Computers / Web / Blogs",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Computers / Web / User Generated Content",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Language Arts & Disciplines / Communication Studies",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Performing Arts / General",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Political Science / General",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Social Science / Anthropology / General",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Social Science / Popular Culture",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Social Science / Sociology / General",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "list1"
                }
            ],
            "collections": [
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:34:19Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "CI8VTTHP",
        "version": 48,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/CI8VTTHP",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/CI8VTTHP",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Schäfer",
            "parsedDate": "2011-07-15",
            "numChildren": 1
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "CI8VTTHP",
            "version": 48,
            "itemType": "book",
            "title": "Bastard Culture!: How User Participation Transforms Cultural Production",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M. T.",
                    "lastName": "Schäfer"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "In the wake of the recent far-reaching changes in the use and accessibility of technology in our society, the average person is far more engaged with digital culture than ever before. They are not merely subject to technological advances but actively use, create, and mold them in everyday routines—connecting with loved ones and strangers through the Internet and smart phones, navigating digital worlds for work and recreation, extracting information from vast networks, and even creating and customizing interfaces to best suit their needs. In this timely work, Mirko Tobias Schäfer delves deep into the realities of user participation, the forms it takes, and the popular discourse around new media. Drawing on extensive research into hacking culture, fan communities, and Web 2.0 applications, Schäfer offers a critical approach to the hype around user participation and exposes the blurred boundaries between industry-driven culture and the domain of the user.",
            "series": "",
            "seriesNumber": "",
            "volume": "",
            "numberOfVolumes": "",
            "edition": "",
            "date": "2011-07-15",
            "publisher": "Amsterdam University Press",
            "place": "",
            "originalDate": "",
            "originalPublisher": "",
            "originalPlace": "",
            "format": "",
            "numPages": "251",
            "ISBN": "978-90-8964-256-1",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "schaferBastardCultureHow2011",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "ISSN": "",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "Bastard Culture!",
            "language": "en",
            "libraryCatalog": "Google Books",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Computers / Social Aspects / General",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Performing Arts / Film & Video / General",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "collaboration"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "list1"
                }
            ],
            "collections": [
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:34:06Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "N6P6AQ4D",
        "version": 48,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/N6P6AQ4D",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/N6P6AQ4D",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Owens",
            "parsedDate": "2013",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "N6P6AQ4D",
            "version": 48,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Digital Cultural Heritage and the Crowd",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Trevor",
                    "lastName": "Owens"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "Curator: The Museum Journal",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "01/2013",
            "volume": "56",
            "issue": "1",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "121-130",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10/gp3b",
            "citationKey": "owensDigitalCulturalHeritage2013",
            "url": "http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/cura.12012",
            "accessDate": "2013-02-09T17:56:51Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "00113069",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [
                "DHR24V2I",
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:30:55Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "KDQHRESB",
        "version": 48,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/KDQHRESB",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/KDQHRESB",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Terras",
            "parsedDate": "2010-10-14",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "KDQHRESB",
            "version": 48,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Digital curiosities: resource creation via amateur digitization",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M.",
                    "lastName": "Terras"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "Literary and Linguistic Computing",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2010-10-14",
            "volume": "25",
            "issue": "4",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "425-438",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10/bfc65m",
            "citationKey": "terrasDigitalCuriositiesResource2010",
            "url": "http://llc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/llc/fqq019",
            "accessDate": "2013-01-12T09:47:11Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "0268-1145, 1477-4615",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "Digital curiosities",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "list1"
                }
            ],
            "collections": [
                "DHR24V2I",
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:30:52Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "UEBIWDBR",
        "version": 48,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/UEBIWDBR",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/UEBIWDBR",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Graham",
            "parsedDate": "2013",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "UEBIWDBR",
            "version": 48,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Geography/internet: ethereal alternate dimensions of cyberspace or grounded augmented realities?: Commentary",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Mark",
                    "lastName": "Graham"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "The Geographical Journal",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "06/2013",
            "volume": "179",
            "issue": "2",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "177-182",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10/f4wqns",
            "citationKey": "grahamGeographyInternetEthereal2013",
            "url": "http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/geoj.12009",
            "accessDate": "2013-09-27T06:35:07Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "00167398",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "Geography/internet",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [
                "7H9V8M2J"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:30:45Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "PJTIH47H",
        "version": 48,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/PJTIH47H",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/PJTIH47H",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Warwick et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2008",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "PJTIH47H",
            "version": 48,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "If you build it will they come? The LAIRAH study: quantifying the use of online resources in the arts and humanities through statistical analysis of user log data",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Claire",
                    "lastName": "Warwick"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Melissa",
                    "lastName": "Terras"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Paul",
                    "lastName": "Huntington"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Nikoleta",
                    "lastName": "Pappa"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "Literary and Linguistic Computing",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2008",
            "volume": "23",
            "issue": "1",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "85–102",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10/dh4chz",
            "citationKey": "warwickIfYouBuild2008",
            "url": "http://llc.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/1/85.short",
            "accessDate": "2013-10-03T11:54:17Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "If you build it will they come?",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [
                "DHR24V2I"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:30:33Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "KSC5H7IK",
        "version": 48,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/KSC5H7IK",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/KSC5H7IK",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Brabham",
            "parsedDate": "2012",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "KSC5H7IK",
            "version": 48,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "THE MYTH OF AMATEUR CROWDS",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Daren C.",
                    "lastName": "Brabham"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "Information, Communication & Society",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "04/2012",
            "volume": "15",
            "issue": "3",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "394-410",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10/bh3fwc",
            "citationKey": "brabhamMYTHAMATEURCROWDS2012",
            "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1369118X.2011.641991",
            "accessDate": "2012-11-10T15:03:44Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1369-118X, 1468-4462",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:41:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "JA5TDEDH",
        "version": 48,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/JA5TDEDH",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/JA5TDEDH",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Brabham",
            "parsedDate": "2012",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "JA5TDEDH",
            "version": 48,
            "itemType": "bookSection",
            "title": "Crowdsourcing: A Model for Leveraging Online Communities",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "D.C.",
                    "lastName": "Brabham"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "bookTitle": "The Participatory Cultures Handbook",
            "series": "",
            "seriesNumber": "",
            "volume": "",
            "numberOfVolumes": "",
            "edition": "",
            "date": "2012",
            "publisher": "Routledge",
            "place": "",
            "originalDate": "",
            "originalPublisher": "",
            "originalPlace": "",
            "format": "",
            "pages": "120–129",
            "ISBN": "",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "brabhamCrowdsourcingModelLeveraging2012",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "ISSN": "",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "list1"
                }
            ],
            "collections": [
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:41:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "SVBVBBS4",
        "version": 48,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/SVBVBBS4",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/SVBVBBS4",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Dunn and Hedges",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "SVBVBBS4",
            "version": 48,
            "itemType": "document",
            "title": "Crowd-Sourcing Scoping Study : Engaging the Crowd with Humanities Research",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Stuart",
                    "lastName": "Dunn"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Mark",
                    "lastName": "Hedges"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "type": "",
            "date": "",
            "publisher": "Centre for e-Research, Department of Digital Humanities, King’s College London",
            "place": "",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "dunnCrowdSourcingScopingStudy",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [
                "DHR24V2I",
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:35:28Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "E84THPTU",
        "version": 48,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/E84THPTU",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/E84THPTU",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Owens",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "E84THPTU",
            "version": 48,
            "itemType": "webpage",
            "title": "The Crowd and The Library | Trevor Owens",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Trevor",
                    "lastName": "Owens"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "websiteTitle": "",
            "websiteType": "",
            "date": "",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "owensCrowdLibraryTrevor",
            "url": "http://www.trevorowens.org/2012/05/the-crowd-and-the-library/",
            "accessDate": "2013-02-27T07:47:18Z",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [
                "DHR24V2I",
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:30:00Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "I7JHPEDM",
        "version": 47,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/I7JHPEDM",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/I7JHPEDM",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Delwiche and Henderson",
            "parsedDate": "2012-09-10",
            "numChildren": 1
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "I7JHPEDM",
            "version": 47,
            "itemType": "book",
            "title": "The Participatory Cultures Handbook",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Aaron",
                    "lastName": "Delwiche"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jennifer Jacobs",
                    "lastName": "Henderson"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "How did we get from Hollywood to YouTube? What makes Wikipedia so different from a traditional encyclopedia? Has blogging dismantled journalism as we know it?  Our media landscape has undergone a seismic shift as digital technology has fostered the rise of \"participatory culture,\" in which knowledge is originated, created, distributed, and evaluated in radically new ways. The Participatory Cultures Handbook is an indispensable, interdisciplinary guide to this rapidly changing terrain. With short, accessible essays from leading geographers, political scientists, communication theorists, game designers, activists, policy makers, physicists, and poets, this volume will introduce students to the concept of participatory culture, explain how researchers approach participatory culture studies, and provide original examples of participatory culture in action. Topics include crowdsourcing, crisis mapping, grid computing, digital activism in authoritarian countries, collaborative poetry, collective intelligence, participatory budgeting, and the relationship between video games and civic engagement.  Contributors include: Daren Brabham, Helen Burgess, Clay Calvert, Mia Consalvo, Kelly Czarnecki, David M. Faris, Dieter Fuchs, Owen Gallagher, Clive Goodinson, Alexander Halvais, Cynthia Hawkins, John Heaven, The Jannissary Collective, Henry Jenkins, Barry Joseph, Christopher Kelty, Pierre Lévy, Sophia B. Liu, Rolf Luehrs, Patrick Meier, Jason Mittell, Sarah Pearce, W. James Potter, Howard Rheingold, Suzanne Scott, Benjamin Stokes, Thomas Swiss, Paul Taylor, Will Venters, Jen Ziemke",
            "series": "",
            "seriesNumber": "",
            "volume": "",
            "numberOfVolumes": "",
            "edition": "",
            "date": "2012-09-10",
            "publisher": "Routledge",
            "place": "",
            "originalDate": "",
            "originalPublisher": "",
            "originalPlace": "",
            "format": "",
            "numPages": "738",
            "ISBN": "978-1-136-30668-6",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "delwicheParticipatoryCulturesHandbook2012",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "ISSN": "",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "en",
            "libraryCatalog": "Google Books",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Language Arts & Disciplines / Communication Studies",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Social Science / Media Studies",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Social Science / Popular Culture",
                    "type": 1
                }
            ],
            "collections": [
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:41:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "SH44RSNM",
        "version": 47,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/SH44RSNM",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/SH44RSNM",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Brabham",
            "parsedDate": "2010",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "SH44RSNM",
            "version": 47,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "MOVING THE CROWD AT THREADLESS",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Daren C.",
                    "lastName": "Brabham"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "Information, Communication & Society",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "12/2010",
            "volume": "13",
            "issue": "8",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "1122-1145",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10/d52m99",
            "citationKey": "brabhamMOVINGCROWDTHREADLESS2010",
            "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13691181003624090",
            "accessDate": "2012-11-10T15:13:30Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1369-118X, 1468-4462",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:41:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "PE66XJQK",
        "version": 47,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/PE66XJQK",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/PE66XJQK",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Fleet et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2012",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "PE66XJQK",
            "version": 47,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Georeferencer: Crowdsourced Georeferencing for Map Library Collections",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Christopher",
                    "lastName": "Fleet"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Kimberly C.",
                    "lastName": "Kowal"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Petr",
                    "lastName": "Pridal"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "D-Lib Magazine",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "11/2012",
            "volume": "18",
            "issue": "11/12",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10/gnrdk6",
            "citationKey": "fleetGeoreferencerCrowdsourcedGeoreferencing2012",
            "url": "http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november12/fleet/11fleet.html",
            "accessDate": "2012-12-17T09:35:18Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1082-9873",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "Georeferencer",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [
                "7H9V8M2J",
                "DHR24V2I",
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:41:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "HDFCI5VC",
        "version": 47,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/HDFCI5VC",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/HDFCI5VC",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Carletti et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2013",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "HDFCI5VC",
            "version": 47,
            "itemType": "document",
            "title": "Digital Humanities and Crowdsourcing: An Exploration",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Laura",
                    "lastName": "Carletti"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Gabriella",
                    "lastName": "Giannachi"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Dominic",
                    "lastName": "Price"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Derek",
                    "lastName": "McAuley"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "type": "",
            "date": "2013",
            "publisher": "Museums and the Web 2013",
            "place": "",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "carlettiDigitalHumanitiesCrowdsourcing2013",
            "url": "http://mw2013.museumsandtheweb.com/paper/digital-humanities-and-crowdsourcing-an-exploration-4/",
            "accessDate": "",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [
                "DHR24V2I",
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:41:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "RCIDB96F",
        "version": 47,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/RCIDB96F",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/RCIDB96F",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Brabham",
            "parsedDate": "2013",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "RCIDB96F",
            "version": 47,
            "itemType": "book",
            "title": "Crowdsourcing.",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Daren C",
                    "lastName": "Brabham"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "series": "",
            "seriesNumber": "",
            "volume": "",
            "numberOfVolumes": "",
            "edition": "",
            "date": "2013",
            "publisher": "Mit Press",
            "place": "[S.l.]",
            "originalDate": "",
            "originalPublisher": "",
            "originalPlace": "",
            "format": "",
            "numPages": "",
            "ISBN": "0-262-51847-3 978-0-262-51847-5",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "brabhamCrowdsourcing2013",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "ISSN": "",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "English",
            "libraryCatalog": "Open WorldCat",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:41:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "UIMKHIVB",
        "version": 47,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/UIMKHIVB",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/UIMKHIVB",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Estellés-Arolas and González-Ladrón-de-Guevara",
            "parsedDate": "2012",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "UIMKHIVB",
            "version": 47,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Towards an integrated crowdsourcing definition",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "E.",
                    "lastName": "Estellés-Arolas"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "F.",
                    "lastName": "González-Ladrón-de-Guevara"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Information science",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2012",
            "volume": "38",
            "issue": "2",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "189–200",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10/f3wv55",
            "citationKey": "estelles-arolasIntegratedCrowdsourcingDefinition2012",
            "url": "http://jis.sagepub.com/content/38/2/189.short",
            "accessDate": "2012-11-10T15:11:59Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:41:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "3G2GT6HB",
        "version": 47,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/3G2GT6HB",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/3G2GT6HB",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Chanal and Caron-Fasan",
            "parsedDate": "2010",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "3G2GT6HB",
            "version": 47,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "The difficulties involved in developing business models open to innovation communities: the case of a crowdsourcing platform",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "V.",
                    "lastName": "Chanal"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M. L.",
                    "lastName": "Caron-Fasan"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "M@ n@ gement",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2010",
            "volume": "13",
            "issue": "4",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "318–340",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10/gghr44",
            "citationKey": "chanalDifficultiesInvolvedDeveloping2010",
            "url": "http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=MANA_134_0318",
            "accessDate": "2012-11-10T14:54:02Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "The difficulties involved in developing business models open to innovation communities",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:41:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "Z3UXTHZJ",
        "version": 47,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/Z3UXTHZJ",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/Z3UXTHZJ",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Owens",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "Z3UXTHZJ",
            "version": 47,
            "itemType": "webpage",
            "title": "Human Computation and Wisdom of Crowds in Cultural Heritage | Trevor Owens",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Trevor",
                    "lastName": "Owens"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "websiteTitle": "",
            "websiteType": "",
            "date": "",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "owensHumanComputationWisdom",
            "url": "http://www.trevorowens.org/2012/06/human-computation-and-wisdom-of-crowds-in-cultural-heritage/",
            "accessDate": "2013-02-27T07:52:25Z",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [
                "DHR24V2I",
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:41:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "AT6KV9P6",
        "version": 47,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/AT6KV9P6",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/AT6KV9P6",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Oomen and Aroyo",
            "parsedDate": "2011",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "AT6KV9P6",
            "version": 47,
            "itemType": "conferencePaper",
            "title": "Crowdsourcing in the cultural heritage domain: opportunities and challenges",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Johan",
                    "lastName": "Oomen"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Lora",
                    "lastName": "Aroyo"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums (short: GLAMs) around the globe are beginning to explore the potential of crowdsourcing, i. e. outsourcing specific activities to a community though an open call. In this paper, we propose a typology of these activities, based on an empirical study of a substantial amount of projects initiated by relevant cultural heritage institutions. We use the Digital Content Life Cycle model to study the relation between the different types of crowdsourcing and the core activities of heritage organizations. Finally, we focus on two critical challenges that will define the success of these collaborations between amateurs and professionals: (1) finding sufficient knowledgeable, and loyal users; (2) maintaining a reasonable level of quality. We thus show the path towards a more open, connected and smart cultural heritage: open (the data is open, shared and accessible), connected (the use of linked data allows for interoperable infrastructures, with users and providers getting more and more connected), and smart (the use of knowledge and web technologies allows us to provide interesting data to the right users, in the right context, anytime, anywhere -- both with involved users/consumers and providers). It leads to a future cultural heritage that is open, has intelligent infrastructures and has involved users, consumers and providers.",
            "proceedingsTitle": "Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Communities and Technologies",
            "conferenceName": "",
            "publisher": "ACM",
            "place": "New York, NY, USA",
            "date": "2011",
            "eventPlace": "",
            "volume": "",
            "issue": "",
            "numberOfVolumes": "",
            "pages": "138–149",
            "series": "C&#38;T '11",
            "seriesNumber": "",
            "DOI": "10/fxr3f9",
            "ISBN": "978-1-4503-0824-3",
            "citationKey": "oomenCrowdsourcingCulturalHeritage2011",
            "url": "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2103354.2103373",
            "accessDate": "2012-12-16T08:34:28Z",
            "ISSN": "",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "Crowdsourcing in the cultural heritage domain",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "ACM Digital Library",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "crowdsourcing",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "heritage",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "lifecycle model",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "list1"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "metadata",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "tagging",
                    "type": 1
                }
            ],
            "collections": [
                "DHR24V2I",
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:41:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "8BPDSQK6",
        "version": 47,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/8BPDSQK6",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/8BPDSQK6",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Ford",
            "parsedDate": "2012-11-30",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "8BPDSQK6",
            "version": 47,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Crowd Wisdom",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "H.",
                    "lastName": "Ford"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "Index on Censorship",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2012-11-30",
            "volume": "41",
            "issue": "4",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "33-39",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10/gnrdk7",
            "citationKey": "fordCrowdWisdom2012",
            "url": "http://ioc.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0306422012465800",
            "accessDate": "2013-09-26T11:27:43Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "0306-4220, 1746-6067",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:41:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "F538RP4G",
        "version": 46,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/F538RP4G",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/F538RP4G",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "F538RP4G",
            "version": 46,
            "itemType": "webpage",
            "title": "Wired 14.06: The Rise of Crowdsourcing",
            "creators": [],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "websiteTitle": "",
            "websiteType": "",
            "date": "",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "Wired1406Rise",
            "url": "http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds.html",
            "accessDate": "2013-02-04T13:16:55Z",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "list1"
                }
            ],
            "collections": [
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:41:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "3N3QBA9Z",
        "version": 46,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/3N3QBA9Z",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/3N3QBA9Z",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Lynch",
            "parsedDate": "2011",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "3N3QBA9Z",
            "version": 46,
            "itemType": "report",
            "title": "Whose cake is it anyway : A collaborative investigation into engagement and participation in 12 museums and galleries in the UK",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "contributor",
                    "firstName": "Bernadette",
                    "lastName": "Lynch"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "reportNumber": "",
            "reportType": "",
            "institution": "The Paul Hamlyn Foundation",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2011",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesNumber": "",
            "pages": "",
            "DOI": "",
            "ISBN": "",
            "citationKey": "lynchWhoseCakeIt2011",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "ISSN": "",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "crowdsourcing"
                }
            ],
            "collections": [
                "DHR24V2I",
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:41:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "S25F8AMN",
        "version": 46,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 219693,
            "name": "History, geography and the crowd",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd",
                    "type": "text/html"
                }
            }
        },
        "links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/219693/items/S25F8AMN",
                "type": "application/json"
            },
            "alternate": {
                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_geography_and_the_crowd/items/S25F8AMN",
                "type": "text/html"
            }
        },
        "meta": {
            "createdByUser": {
                "id": 1149671,
                "username": "susannaanas",
                "name": "Susanna Ånäs",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/susannaanas",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "lastModifiedByUser": {
                "id": 465,
                "username": "paregorios",
                "name": "Tom Elliott",
                "links": {
                    "alternate": {
                        "href": "https://www.zotero.org/paregorios",
                        "type": "text/html"
                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Surowiecki",
            "parsedDate": "2005",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "S25F8AMN",
            "version": 46,
            "itemType": "book",
            "title": "The wisdom of crowds : why the many are smarter than the few and how collective wisdom shapes business, economies, societies, and nations",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "James",
                    "lastName": "Surowiecki"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "In this book, New Yorker columnist Surowiecki explores a deceptively simple idea that has profound implications: large groups of people are smarter than an elite few, no matter how brilliant--better at solving problems, fostering innovation, coming to wise decisions, even predicting the future. This seemingly counterintuitive notion has major ramifications for how businesses operate, how knowledge is advanced, how economies are (or should be) organized and how we live our daily lives. With seemingly boundless erudition and in clear, entertaining prose, Surowiecki ranges across fields as diverse as popular culture, psychology, ant biology, economic behaviorism, artificial intelligence, military history and political theory to show just how this principle operates in the real world.--From publisher description.",
            "series": "",
            "seriesNumber": "",
            "volume": "",
            "numberOfVolumes": "",
            "edition": "",
            "date": "2005",
            "publisher": "Anchor Books",
            "place": "New York",
            "originalDate": "",
            "originalPublisher": "",
            "originalPlace": "",
            "format": "",
            "numPages": "",
            "ISBN": "0-385-50386-5 978-0-385-50386-0 0-316-86173-1 978-0-316-86173-1",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "surowieckiWisdomCrowdsWhy2005",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "ISSN": "",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "The wisdom of crowds",
            "language": "English",
            "libraryCatalog": "Open WorldCat",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [
                "WQT7RAIP"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-10-04T13:41:20Z",
            "dateModified": "2026-02-17T19:17:32Z"
        }
    }
]