[ { "key": "BBJXGJKR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/BBJXGJKR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/BBJXGJKR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BBJXGJKR", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "newspaper mulch - Google Search", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.google.com/search?q=newspaper+mulch+&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a", "accessDate": "2011-07-12T16:59:49Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XF8H89C8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-12T16:59:49Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-12T16:59:49Z" } }, { "key": "WB5NXZ92", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/WB5NXZ92", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/WB5NXZ92", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WB5NXZ92", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CDgQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wvu.edu%2F~agexten%2Fwastmang%2Fmsw8.pdf&rct=j&q=newspaper%20mulch%20&ei=Mn0cTv6CFYng0QHag6WwBw&usg=AFQjCNFU1T-0FQNlma0l6HxaIMOO9yVokA&sig2=aOE-7pGkLEJ4dRzmlqFYpA", "accessDate": "2011-07-12T16:59:13Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XF8H89C8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-12T16:59:24Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-12T16:59:24Z" } }, { "key": "W6TX6PWT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/W6TX6PWT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/W6TX6PWT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "W6TX6PWT", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Pay Dirt: How to Make $10,000 a Year ... - 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"tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-12-20T19:05:06Z", "dateModified": "2010-12-20T19:05:06Z" } }, { "key": "A9K84CV5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/A9K84CV5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/A9K84CV5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "A9K84CV5", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Urban agriculture for sustainable cities: using wastes and idle land and water bodies as resources — Environment and Urbanization", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://eau.sagepub.com/content/4/2/141.full.pdf+html", "accessDate": "2010-12-20T19:00:40Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-12-20T19:00:40Z", "dateModified": "2010-12-20T19:00:40Z" } }, { "key": "I4MGT7G6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/I4MGT7G6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/I4MGT7G6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": 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"type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/GTIWW6W6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GTIWW6W6", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Women's Outdoor Shoes Merrell Thermo Moc Blue Leather Slip On Outdoor Shoe 82474", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.rogansshoes.com/574520/products/Merrell-Thermo-Moc.html?CID=00011012", "accessDate": "2010-09-04T14:43:24Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "RT9E86SQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-09-04T14:43:24Z", "dateModified": "2010-09-04T14:43:24Z" } }, { "key": "C2FDTWAA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/C2FDTWAA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/C2FDTWAA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "C2FDTWAA", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Overview of Cover Crops and Green Manures", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/covercrop.html#living", "accessDate": "2010-08-31T23:59:36Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "RT9E86SQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-08-31T23:59:36Z", "dateModified": "2010-08-31T23:59:36Z" } }, { "key": "QGV9GNKD", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/QGV9GNKD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/QGV9GNKD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Motavalli and Discekici", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QGV9GNKD", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Utilization of waste office paper to reduce nitrate leaching into the Northern Guam aquifer.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. P.", "lastName": "Motavalli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Discekici" } ], "abstractNote": "Rapid nitrate leaching losses due to current agricultural N management practices under the humid tropical environmental conditions of the Pacific island of Guam may contaminate fresh and salt water resources. Potential environmental contamination of the Northern Guam aquifer, which is overlain by shallow limestone-derived soils, is a major public concern because the aquifer is the sole underground source of fresh water for the island. The objectives of this study were to examine the use of waste office paper as a possible management alternative for reducing nitrate leaching due to N fertilizer applications in northern Guam while also providing sufficient N for crop growth. In a laboratory study, increasing rates of waste paper application reduced NO- 3-N leaching up to approximately 200 days after incorporation of N fertilizer and paper treatments. Subsequent mineralization of immobilized N from paper applications was also observed, although cumulative NO- 3-N leaching at the highest rate of paper addition was lower than the control after 394 days of incubation. The effect of waste paper on N availability and NO- 3-N leaching after application of N fertilizer at rates up to 500 kg N ha-1 was also evaluated in two field experiments planted with sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf.) during consecutive dry and wet periods. Leaching losses of NO- 3-N were higher during the wet cropping season, leading to lower crop yields and crop N uptake. Combining paper with N fertilizer reduced NO- 3-N leaching losses but also decreased crop ear yields up to N fertilizer application rates of 250 kg N ha-1 during the dry cropping season and up to rates of 100 kg N ha-1 during the wet period. Although combining waste paper with N fertilizer reduced NO- 3-N leaching losses, no improvements in fertilizer N recovery were observed during the field experiments. This lack of crop response may be due to the importance of early season N availability for the short-season horticultural crops grown on Guam. We suggest that the application of waste paper may be a useful management practice to reduce NO- 3-N leaching losses when high soil NO- 3-N levels remain after cropping due either to crop failure or to over-application of N fertilizer.", "publicationTitle": "Biology and Fertility of Soils", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2000", "volume": "31", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s003740000194", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.proxy.lib.utk.edu:90/full_record.do?product=CABI&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=66&SID=4Fh3gBbCa8A6C13bk63&page=1&doc=4", "accessDate": "2010-05-20T02:28:51Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0178-2762", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XF8H89C8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-10T15:48:21Z", "dateModified": "2010-07-10T15:48:21Z" } }, { "key": "U7T9HDAV", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/U7T9HDAV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/U7T9HDAV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Paré et al.", "parsedDate": "1998-02-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "U7T9HDAV", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Transformations of carbon and nitrogen during composting of animal manure and shredded paper", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Paré" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Dinel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Schnitzer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Dumontet" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract Composts produced from animal manures and shredded paper were characterized in terms of their carbon (C) and nitrogen (N)\nforms and C mineralization. Total, water-soluble, acid-hydrolyzable and non-hydrolyzable C and N contents were determined\non composts sampled on days 0, 11, 18, 26, 33, 40 and 59 after composting was initiated. Water-soluble and acid-hydrolyzable\nC and N decreased during composting, whereas non-hydrolyzable C remained relatively constant, and non-hydrolyzable N greatly\nincreased during composting. The water-soluble forms of N were characterized by a decrease of ammomium (NH4\n+-N) at the beginning of composting, followed by an increase of nitrate (NO3\n–-N) towards the end of composting. The mineralization of C in composted materials was generally higher at the beginning than\nat the end of composting, whereas no differences were observed for mineralization of C in non-hydrolyzable materials. The\naddition of N inhibited C mineralization in composts except in samples collected on days 40 and 59, while C mineralization\nwas strongly stimulated by adding N to the non-hydrolyzable materials. The data suggest that the N forms in the non-hydrolyzable\nmaterials were chemically similar and not readily available to microbes, indicating that the C/N ratios often used to assess\nthe biodegradability of organic matter and to develop compost formulations should be based on biologically available N and\nC and not on total N and C.", "publicationTitle": "Biology and Fertility of Soils", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 08, 1998", "volume": "26", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "173-178", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s003740050364", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050364", "accessDate": "2010-05-08T14:04:43Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "mulch, shedded, paper, compost, manure" } ], "collections": [ "XF8H89C8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-10T15:48:18Z", "dateModified": "2010-07-10T15:48:18Z" } }, { "key": "RQ8DX32J", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/RQ8DX32J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/RQ8DX32J", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Palada et al.", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RQ8DX32J", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Sustainable crop management practices for improving production of culinary herbs in the Virgin Islands.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. C.", "lastName": "Palada" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. M.", "lastName": "Davis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. M. A.", "lastName": "Crossman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Robles" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E. A.", "lastName": "Chichester" } ], "abstractNote": "Small-scale vegetable growers in the Virgin Islands rely on sales of culinary herbs as one major source of income. In spite of the economic importance, culinary herbs are available only in local markets and do not constitute a significant export crop. There is little research information on sustainable crop management practices to improve production and marketing of herbs in the Virgin Islands. This project was undertaken to develop sustainable soil and crop management practices for culinary herbs using crop rotation with green manures, application of composts, animal manures and mulching. Over a four-year period (1997-2000), results indicated that although there were no significant differences in fresh and dry matter yield, culinary herbs grown in rotation with tropical green manure crops such as sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea) and hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) tended to produce higher yields than those grown with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) or fallow (no green manure) suggesting that without chemical fertilizers, legume green manure crops can sustain economic yield levels of culinary herbs in a crop rotation system. Organic mulches such as grass straw, wood chips and shredded paper were excellent alternatives to synthetic (plastic) mulch. Additionally, organic mulch suppressed weeds, increased irrigation water use efficiency, reduced soil surface erosion, and improved economic returns. Yield of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) was improved by application of chicken manure, but application of either cow manure or turkey litter did not influence yield of chive (Allium schoenoprasum), cilantro (Coriandrum sativum), parsley (Petroselinum sativum [P. crispum]), sweet marjoram (Majorana hortensis [Origanum majorana]) and thyme.", "publicationTitle": "Acta Horticulturae", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2004", "volume": "", "issue": "629", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.proxy.lib.utk.edu:90/full_record.do?product=CABI&search_mode=Refine&qid=3&SID=4Fh3gBbCa8A6C13bk63&page=1&doc=5", "accessDate": "2010-05-20T02:10:10Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0567-7572", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XF8H89C8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-10T15:48:14Z", "dateModified": "2010-07-10T15:48:14Z" } }, { "key": "5EV8JKK7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/5EV8JKK7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/5EV8JKK7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Glenn et al.", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5EV8JKK7", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Recycled waste paper mulch reduces available container N.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. S.", "lastName": "Glenn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. H.", "lastName": "Gilliam" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. H.", "lastName": "Edwards" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. J.", "lastName": "Keever" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. R.", "lastName": "Knight" } ], "abstractNote": "Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of pelletized recycled paper mulch on container plant nutrition. In experiment 1, with Petunia floribunda cv. Midnight Madness, 9 g (0.32 oz) of Osmocote 14N-6.2P-11.6K (14-14-14) was applied over or under 2.5 cm (1 in) of recycled paper pellet mulch, or to plants with no paper mulch (control). Leachate samples were collected after microirrigation. Both treatments with paper mulch reduced nitrate-N (NO3-N) and ammonium-N (NH4-N) levels in container leachate, compared to the control 21 days after planting (DAP). Shoot dry weight was reduced, 53% and 70% for plants supplied with fertilizer under and over the mulch, respectively, compared to the non-mulched control. At the end of the experiment, 40-48% of the total N applied over or under mulch was retained by the recycled paper mulch. In experiment 2, with Petunia grandiflora cv. Ultra Blue, mulch and three methods of fertilizer application (over mulch, under mulch, and incorporated in the substrate) were compared. Leachate NO3-N levels were reduced, 72% or 68% with fertilizer placed over or under the mulch, respectively, when compared to a non-mulched topdressed treatment 21 DAP. When fertilizer was incorporated into the substrate, paper mulch reduced NO3-N leachate levels (87%) compared to the non-mulched treatment. There were no significant differences in leachate NH4-N levels with fertilizer placed over or under the mulch when compared to the non-mulched control 21 DAP. When fertilizer was incorporated into the substrate, paper mulch reduced leachate NH4-N levels (82%) compared to the non-mulched control. Shoot dry weight was 84 or 49% lower with fertilizer placed over or under the mulch, respectively, when compared to the topdressed, non-mulched treatment. However, plants grown with fertilizer applied under the mulch were 213% larger than plants with fertilizer applied over the mulch. When fertilizer was incorporated into the substrate, paper mulch reduced shoot dry weight (41%) when compared to non-mulched plants. There were no differences between shoot dry weights of plants grown in non-mulched treatments with topdress treatment or fertilizer incorporated.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Environmental Horticulture", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2000", "volume": "18", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.proxy.lib.utk.edu:90/full_record.do?product=CABI&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=82&SID=4Fh3gBbCa8A6C13bk63&page=1&doc=1", "accessDate": "2010-05-20T02:31:42Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0738-2898", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XF8H89C8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-10T15:48:10Z", "dateModified": "2010-07-10T15:48:10Z" } }, { "key": "VP9XFNT7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/VP9XFNT7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/VP9XFNT7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Unger", "parsedDate": "2001-03-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VP9XFNT7", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Paper Pellets as a Mulch for Dryland Grain Sorghum Production", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul W.", "lastName": "Unger" } ], "abstractNote": "Some landfills no longer accept waste paper for disposal; thus, alternative means are needed. One would be to apply pelleted paper to cropland as a mulch. This field study was conducted to determine effects of a paper pellet mulch on soil water storage and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] yield. Mulch rates were 0 (check), 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha-1. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue condition (retained or removed) and tillage (sweep or no-tillage) treatments were included. Pellet applications did not affect water storage or sorghum yields, apparently because pellets absorbed precipitation, which resulted in similar evaporation from bare and mulched soils. Residue and tillage treatments had little effect on water storage and sorghum yield. Soil C concentrations were greater in mulched than bare soil in one case, but some pellet material remained, suggesting further decomposition could increase soil C. Pellet applications resulted in greater aggregate mean weight diameters and lower percentages of small aggregates. These improved conditions could improve the soil's long-term productivity. Because crop productivity was not harmed, waste paper (e.g., pellets as used in this study) can be disposed of on cropland. However, shallow paper incorporation may be a better practice than surface applications because it should hasten its decomposition and, thereby, more rapidly improve soil conditions.", "publicationTitle": "Agron J", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 1, 2001", "volume": "93", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "349-357", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://agron.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/agrojnl;93/2/349", "accessDate": "2010-05-20T02:41:20Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "HighWire", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XF8H89C8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-10T15:48:06Z", "dateModified": "2010-07-10T15:48:06Z" } }, { "key": "TCFHMJCM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/TCFHMJCM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/TCFHMJCM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Forge et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TCFHMJCM", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Organic mulches alter nematode communities, root growth and fluxes of phosphorus in the root zone of apple", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "TA", "lastName": "Forge" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "EJ", "lastName": "Hogue" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G", "lastName": "Neilsen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D", "lastName": "Neilsen" } ], "abstractNote": "Nematode community structure, root biomass and P availability indices (in situ incubation of anion-exchange resin strips, lab incubation of resin strips, extractable P) were assessed for root zone soil of Golden Delicious/M9 apple trees that were mulched with (1) shredded office paper, (2) a mixture of compost plus biosolids, (3) office paper applied over the compost + -biosolids treatment, and (4) non-mulched control plots. Two-week long in situ incubations of anion-exchange resin strips indicated that shredded paper mulch reduced availability of P in root zone soil, probably as a result of microbial immobilization driven by C inputs from the paper mulch. Apple leaf-P was not reduced in paper mulch plots, however, indicating that other factors affected by the paper mulch may have allowed for adequate P uptake despite the apparent P immobilization. Paper mulch increased nematode indicators of enhanced nutrient cycling, indicating that fluxes of nutrients through the soil biota were increased under paper mulch; enhanced P fluxes could have compensated for the low P availability. Fine root biomass in the 0-15 cm horizon was doubled by shredded paper, and we speculate that increased root abundance allowed for adequate P acquisition despite the reduced availability of P. The number of root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans) per gram fine root was also reduced under paper mulch, and reduced nematode damage is one of several possible reasons for the enhanced root growth under paper mulch. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.", "publicationTitle": "APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "MAY 2008", "volume": "39", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "15-22", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.11.004", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.proxy.lib.utk.edu:90/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=1FkE1KpfoMmf3Gd2bGn&page=1&doc=1", "accessDate": "2010-05-08T13:26:20Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0929-1393", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "paper mulch compost" } ], "collections": [ "XF8H89C8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-10T15:48:01Z", "dateModified": "2010-07-10T15:48:01Z" } }, { "key": "N4T36HE7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/N4T36HE7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/N4T36HE7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tasistro et al.", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "N4T36HE7", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Manipulating bedding materials and PLTTM to reduce NH3 emissions from broiler manure.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. S.", "lastName": "Tasistro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. L.", "lastName": "Cabrera" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. W.", "lastName": "Ritz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. E.", "lastName": "Kissel" } ], "abstractNote": "We studied the effect of five bedding materials (wood shavings, sawdust, peanut hulls, wheat straw and shredded paper) and PLTTM (a commercial formulation of Na bisulfate) in factorial combinations, on NH3 emissions from broiler manure. Treatments were incubated for 11 days at 25C and 98% relative humidity. Ammonia was trapped in 0.1 N H2SO4 and measured colorimetrically as NH4 +, and CO2 was monitored with an infrared analyzer. Ammonia and CO2 emissions were suppressed by PLTTMthroughout the study. Wheat straw, wood shavings, and sawdust, with C(total)/N(total) > 50 or C(biodegradable)/N > 20, had low NH3 emissions. Total NH3 emissions from peanut hulls and shredded paper were the highest, probably due to peanut hulls' low C/N ratio and shredded paper's alkaline pH. No significant interactions on NH3 emissions were detected between PLTTM and bedding materials.", "publicationTitle": "Bioresource Technology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "99", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.057", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.proxy.lib.utk.edu:90/full_record.do?product=CABI&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=3&SID=4Fh3gBbCa8A6C13bk63&page=1&doc=2", "accessDate": "2010-05-20T02:02:51Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-8524", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XF8H89C8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-10T15:47:58Z", "dateModified": "2010-07-10T15:47:58Z" } }, { "key": "SEU4BIHX", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/SEU4BIHX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/SEU4BIHX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Castillo et al.", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SEU4BIHX", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Influence of earthworms on organic waste composting and characterisation of vermicompost end products.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. E.", "lastName": "Castillo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. G.", "lastName": "Benito" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. C.", "lastName": "Iglesias" } ], "abstractNote": "The aim of this work was to study the influence of earthworms on the composting process. Selected waste mixtures - pine sawdust+poultry litter (M1), cotton industry waste+poultry litter (M2), shredded paper+horse manure (M3), and cotton industry waste+horse manure (M4) - were composted for 85, 64, 60 and 60 days respectively in plastic boxes. The temperature variations during this process followed the typical three-phase pattern. At the end of this process 95, 80, 75 and 95 g of Eisenia andrei were added to each treatment respectively to initiate vermicomposting. Together, the composting and vermicomposting processes took between 105 and 175 days. Earthworm biomass decreased in M1 and M2, and increased in M3 and M4. The physical, chemical and biological variables measured, such as time to compost maturity, the changes in earthworm population, the C:N ratio, and the availability of nutrients, showed that M3 was the best medium for earthworm activity, and that M4 had the best chemical and physical properties as an organic manure. Mixtures containing poultry litter were not suitable for vermicomposting. However, M1 was the best mixture in a test involving the growth of ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Weterwald); compared to controls, a 120% dry weight yield was obtained.", "publicationTitle": "Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "volume": "3", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.proxy.lib.utk.edu:90/full_record.do?product=CABI&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=3&SID=4Fh3gBbCa8A6C13bk63&page=1&doc=3", "accessDate": "2010-05-20T02:03:44Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1695-971X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XF8H89C8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-10T15:47:46Z", "dateModified": "2010-07-10T15:47:46Z" } }, { "key": "4RSEJ26E", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/4RSEJ26E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/4RSEJ26E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4RSEJ26E", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Evaluation of Texas Compost Specifications for Stormwater Erosion Control", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://asae.frymulti.com/abstract.asp?aid=23160&t=1", "accessDate": "2010-05-20T02:45:34Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XF8H89C8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-10T15:47:37Z", "dateModified": "2010-07-10T15:47:37Z" } }, { "key": "U8DQQP63", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/U8DQQP63", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/U8DQQP63", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Anderson et al.", "parsedDate": "1996", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "U8DQQP63", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Evaluation of a Paper Mulch Made from Recycled Materials as an Alternative to Plastic Film Mulch for Vegetables", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David F.", "lastName": "Anderson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mary-Ann", "lastName": "Garisto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean-Claude", "lastName": "Bourrut" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark W.", "lastName": "Schonbeck" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Jaye" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Albert", "lastName": "Wurzberger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ralph", "lastName": "DeGregorio" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Sustainable Agriculture", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1996", "volume": "7", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "39", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1300/J064v07n01_05", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.informaworld.com/10.1300/J064v07n01_05", "accessDate": "2010-05-20T02:14:08Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1044-0046", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Informaworld", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XF8H89C8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-10T15:47:17Z", "dateModified": "2010-07-10T15:47:17Z" } }, { "key": "GFT6UCTD", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/GFT6UCTD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/GFT6UCTD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schonbeck and Evanylo", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GFT6UCTD", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effects of mulches on soil properties and tomato production. II. Plant-available nitrogen, organic matter input, and tilth-related properties.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. W.", "lastName": "Schonbeck" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. K.", "lastName": "Evanylo" } ], "abstractNote": "Potential contributions of several mulches to soil organic matter (OM), and their effects on crop-available nitrogen (N), earthworm activity and tilth-related soil properties, were evaluated on five vegetable farms in Virginia, USA. A 100-mm thick hay mulch added sufficient organic carbon (C) and N to replace seasonal soil OM losses expected for temperate zone soils. Paper and plastic mulches contributed little or no OM, but mulching alleys between film-mulched beds helped replenish soil OM in these mulching systems. At one site, soil NO3-N was higher under plastic and oiled-paper mulches than under organic mulches or without mulch, probably because plastic and oiled paper reduced leaching of NO3-N. Mulch treatment did not affect soil NO3-N at other sites, and generally did not affect tomato foliar TKN, except when the treatment reduced soil moisture levels. Hay and compost mulches had C:N ratios ranging from 24 to 48, but high foliar TKN in these treatments indicated that the mulches did not reduce N availability to the crop. Mulch treatments imposed for a single growing season did not affect soil bulk density, steady state water infiltration rate or wet aggregate stability. However, earthworm populations at the end of the season were approx. twice as high under hay mulch as under black plastic.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Sustainable Agriculture", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1998", "volume": "13", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.proxy.lib.utk.edu:90/full_record.do?product=CABI&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=49&SID=4Fh3gBbCa8A6C13bk63&page=1&doc=4", "accessDate": "2010-05-20T02:26:26Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1044-0046", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XF8H89C8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-10T15:47:17Z", "dateModified": "2010-07-10T15:47:17Z" } }, { "key": "G7PUI4C6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/G7PUI4C6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/G7PUI4C6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "G7PUI4C6", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Comparison of cotton-based hydro-mulches and conventional wood and paper hydro-mulches--study.", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ddr.nal.usda.gov/handle/10113/1795", "accessDate": "2010-05-20T02:44:01Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XF8H89C8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-10T15:47:17Z", "dateModified": "2010-07-10T15:47:17Z" } }, { "key": "B2ZJ4FN6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 21576, "name": "Permacultre mulch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/21576/items/B2ZJ4FN6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/permacultre_mulch/items/B2ZJ4FN6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 33281, "username": "alliecatmar", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alliecatmar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "B2ZJ4FN6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XF8H89C8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-10T15:47:07Z", "dateModified": "2010-07-10T15:47:07Z" } } ]