ver involucracion?
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Gregory", "lastName": "Haff" } ], "abstractNote": "The purpose of this investigation was to relate the heart rate and lactate response during simulated cycling time trials to incremental laboratory tests. Subjects (N = 10) were tested for Vo^max (56.1 ± 2.4ml kg ¹ min ') and lactate threshold during incremental tests to exhaustion. Power output and heart rate (HR) at threshold was assessed by 3 methods: lactate deflection point (LaT), onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA), and the point on the lactate curve at maximal distance from a line connecting starting and finishing power output (Dmax). Power output determined at these thresholds was 282.1 ± 4.2, 302.5 ± 1.3, and 296.0 ± 1.8 W, respectively, whereas HR was determined to be 88.6 ± 0.01, 92.2 ± 0.01, and 91.0 ± 0.01% of maximum, respectively. Power output and HR were significantly lower for LaT than for the other 2 methods (p < 0.05). On separate visits, cyclists were instructed to perform maximum efforts for 30 and 60 minutes (30TT and 60TT). Lactate, HR, perceived exertion (RPE), and metabolic variables were measured during the time trials. During the 30TT, participants sustained a significantly higher lactate level (5.29 ± 0.3 vs 3.43 ± 0.3 mmol-L ¹, p < 0.001), percentage of maximum HR (%HRmax) (90.3 ± 0.02 vs. 84.6 ± 0.01, p = 0.009), and overall RPE (15.5 ± 0.5 vs. 14.4 vs. 0.5, p = 0.009), than during the 60TT. Vo^ was not significantly different (p = 0.004), and respiratory exchange ratio (p = 0.02) were significantly higher during the 30TT. Correlations were found between HR and LaT (r = 0.78), OBLA (r = 0.78), Dmax (r = 0.71) for the 60TT, but not for the 30TT. These data suggest that despite a large variability in blood lactate during time trial efforts of 30 and 60 minutes (from 1.8 to 10.8 mmol-L '), HR was consistently 90% of maximum for the 30TT and 85% for the 60TT. HR during the 30TT was approximated by HR corresponding to OBLA and Dmax, whereas HR during 60TT was approximated by LaT. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Agosto 2006", "volume": "20", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "601-607", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.)", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=22681336&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "2013-10-20T17:50:53Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "10648011", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "22681336", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*ANAEROBIC threshold", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*BLOOD lactate", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*CYCLING -- Physiological aspects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*CYCLISTS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*HEART beat", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*RESPIRATION -- Measurement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dmax", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "OBLA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "lactate deflection point", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "DZI26QXM" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-12T00:33:03Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-12T00:33:03Z" } }, { "key": "FBIEAZ6I", "version": 334, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 214742, "name": "Ciclismo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ciclismo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/214742/items/FBIEAZ6I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ciclismo/items/FBIEAZ6I", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/214742/items/DFJWIBNT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1591212, "username": "smalldog", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/smalldog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FBIEAZ6I", "version": 334, "parentItem": "DFJWIBNT", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "EBSCO Full Text", "accessDate": "2014-04-07T10:04:44Z", "url": "http://content.ebscohost.com/ContentServer.asp?T=P&P=AN&K=16764768&S=R&D=s3h&EbscoContent=dGJyMMvl7ESeprU4v%2BbwOLCmr0yeprRSrqq4S7OWxWXS&ContentCustomer=dGJyMOzprkivrrFPuePfgeyx44Dt6fIA", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Faria et al. - 2005 - The science of cycling physiology and training - .pdf", "md5": "7681ddd70a99932ac83c81dea383d123", "mtime": 1396865088077, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-07T10:04:44Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-07T10:04:48Z" } }, { "key": "DFJWIBNT", "version": 333, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 214742, "name": "Ciclismo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ciclismo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/214742/items/DFJWIBNT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ciclismo/items/DFJWIBNT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1591212, "username": "smalldog", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/smalldog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Faria et al.", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DFJWIBNT", "version": 333, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The science of cycling: physiology and training - part 1", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erik W", "lastName": "Faria" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daryl L", "lastName": "Parker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Irvin E", "lastName": "Faria" } ], "abstractNote": "The aim of this review is to provide greater insight and understanding regarding the scientific nature of cycling. Research findings are presented in a practical manner for their direct application to cycling. The two parts of this review provide information that is useful to athletes, coaches and exercise scientists in the prescription of training regimens, adoption of exercise protocols and creation of research designs. Here for the first time, we present rationale to dispute prevailing myths linked to erroneous concepts and terminology surrounding the sport of cycling. In some studies, a review of the cycling literature revealed incomplete characterisation of athletic performance, lack of appropriate controls and small subject numbers, thereby complicating the understanding of the cycling research. Moreover, a mixture of cycling testing equipment coupled with a multitude of exercise protocols stresses the reliability and validity of the findings. Our scrutiny of the literature revealed key cycling performance-determining variables and their training-induced metabolic responses. The review of training strategies provides guidelines that will assist in the design of aerobic and anaerobic training protocols. Paradoxically, while maximal oxygen uptake (V-O(2max)) is generally not considered a valid indicator of cycling performance when it is coupled with other markers of exercise performance (e.g. blood lactate, power output, metabolic thresholds and efficiency/economy), it is found to gain predictive credibility. The positive facets of lactate metabolism dispel the 'lactic acid myth'. Lactate is shown to lower hydrogen ion concentrations rather than raise them, thereby retarding acidosis. Every aspect of lactate production is shown to be advantageous to cycling performance. To minimise the effects of muscle fatigue, the efficacy of employing a combination of different high cycling cadences is evident. The subconscious fatigue avoidance mechanism 'teleoanticipation' system serves to set the tolerable upper limits of competitive effort in order to assure the athlete completion of the physical challenge. Physiological markers found to be predictive of cycling performance include: (i) power output at the lactate threshold (LT2); (ii) peak power output (W(peak)) indicating a power/weight ratio of > or =5.5 W/kg; (iii) the percentage of type I fibres in the vastus lateralis; (iv) maximal lactate steady-state, representing the highest exercise intensity at which blood lactate concentration remains stable; (v) W(peak) at LT2; and (vi) W(peak) during a maximal cycling test. Furthermore, the unique breathing pattern, characterised by a lack of tachypnoeic shift, found in professional cyclists may enhance the efficiency and metabolic cost of breathing. The training impulse is useful to characterise exercise intensity and load during training and competition. It serves to enable the cyclist or coach to evaluate the effects of training strategies and may well serve to predict the cyclist's performance. Findings indicate that peripheral adaptations in working muscles play a more important role for enhanced submaximal cycling capacity than central adaptations. Clearly, relatively brief but intense sprint training can enhance both glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activity, maximum short-term power output and V-O(2max). To that end, it is suggested to replace approximately 15% of normal training with one of the interval exercise protocols. Tapering, through reduction in duration of training sessions or the frequency of sessions per week while maintaining intensity, is extremely effective for improvement of cycling time-trial performance. Overuse and over-training disabilities common to the competitive cyclist, if untreated, can lead to delayed recovery.;", "publicationTitle": "Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "volume": "35", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "285-312", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=15831059&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "2014-04-07T10:04:44Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0112-1642", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "15831059", "shortTitle": "The science of cycling", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Acidosis, Lactic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bicycling/*physiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fatigue", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Oxygen Consumption/physiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Education and Training/methods", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-07T10:04:44Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-07T10:04:44Z" } }, { "key": "8RSJVGFX", "version": 328, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 214742, "name": "Ciclismo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ciclismo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/214742/items/8RSJVGFX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ciclismo/items/8RSJVGFX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1591212, "username": "smalldog", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/smalldog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Davison et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-06", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "8RSJVGFX", "version": 328, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Influence of temperature and protocol on the calibration of the Computrainer electromagnetically-braked cycling ergometer", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. C. Richard", "lastName": "Davison" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jo", "lastName": "Corbett" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Les", "lastName": "Ansley" } ], "abstractNote": "Background: The RacerMate Inc. CompuTrainer is an increasingly popular ergometer in Sport Science laboratories, yet there is little information on the characteristics and validity of the CompuTrainer calibration procedure. Aim: To investigate the effect of a range of environmental temperatures on the CompuTrainer calibration procedure and validate the power output against an SRM powermeter. Methods: A bicycle fitted with an SRM Training System was attached to a CompuTrainer ergometer. The calibration procedure was repeated (up to 5 occasions) interspaced with 2min cycling at 200W and ~90rpm. The cyclist then cycled for a further 2min at 200W for a direct comparison with the SRM training system. This process was repeated at seven different random calibration values at a range of environmental temperatures (15, 20, 28 and 38oC). Results: At all temperatures there was a large decline in calibration pressure after the first 2min of cycling, with no further decline after 6min of cycling. This decline was inversely correlated with the temperature (r2 = 0.7). In low temperatures (15º and 20oC) the CompuTrainer significantly underestimated SRM power by 7.3 ± 5.8 W (95%CI: 4.2-10.4W; Range 1-18W; p = 0.0002) but was similar (-0.3 ± 4.4W) in high temperatures (28° and 38oC) (95%CI: -2.7-2.0W; Range -9-5W; p = 0.78). Conclusions: Both temperature and calibration procedure were shown to affect power measurement and thus these authors have suggested an alternative procedure to enhance the reliability and validity of the CompuTrainer ergometer. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR", "publicationTitle": "International SportMed Journal", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Junio 2009", "volume": "10", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "66-76", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "International SportMed Journal", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=43256141&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "2014-02-11T01:18:22Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "15283356", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*DYNAMOMETER", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CALIBRATION", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MEASURING instruments", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PHYSICAL measurements", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SRM", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "STANDARDIZATION", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "comparison", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cycling", 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