[ { "key": "CV9U2PSK", "version": 1188, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/CV9U2PSK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/CV9U2PSK", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/FD8DRKGH", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "CV9U2PSK", "version": 1188, "parentItem": "FD8DRKGH", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-10-19T08:29:19Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26364065", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-19T08:29:19Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-19T08:29:19Z" } }, { "key": "FD8DRKGH", "version": 1188, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/FD8DRKGH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/FD8DRKGH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Johnson et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "FD8DRKGH", "version": 1188, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Integrating LIDAR and forest inventories to fill the trees outside forests data gap", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kristofer D.", "lastName": "Johnson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard", "lastName": "Birdsey" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jason", "lastName": "Cole" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anu", "lastName": "Swatantran" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jarlath", "lastName": "O'Neil-Dunne" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ralph", "lastName": "Dubayah" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew", "lastName": "Lister" } ], "abstractNote": "Forest inventories are commonly used to estimate total tree biomass of forest land even though they are not traditionally designed to measure biomass of trees outside forests (TOF). The consequence may be an inaccurate representation of all of the aboveground biomass, which propagates error to the outputs of spatial and process models that rely on the inventory data. An ideal approach to fill this data gap would be to integrate TOF measurements within a traditional forest inventory for a parsimonious estimate of total tree biomass. In this study, Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data were used to predict biomass of TOF in all \"nonforest\" Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots in the state of Maryland. To validate the LIDAR-based biomass predictions, a field crew was sent to measure TOF on nonforest plots in three Maryland counties, revealing close agreement at both the plot and county scales between the two estimates. Total tree biomass in Maryland increased by 25.5 Tg, or 15.6 %, when biomass of TOF were included. In two counties (Carroll and Howard), there was a 47 % increase. In contrast, counties located further away from the interstate highway corridor showed only a modest increase in biomass when TOF were added because nonforest conditions were less common in those areas. The advantage of this approach for estimating biomass of TOF is that it is compatible with, and explicitly separates TOF biomass from, forest biomass already measured by FIA crews. By predicting biomass of TOF at actual FIA plots, this approach is directly compatible with traditionally reported FIA forest biomass, providing a framework for other states to follow, and should improve carbon reporting and modeling activities in Maryland.", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Monitoring and Assessment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2015", "volume": "187", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "623", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Environ Monit Assess", "DOI": "10.1007/s10661-015-4839-1", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1573-2959", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 26364065", "tags": [ { "tag": "Carbon management", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Forest inventory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lidar", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nonforest biomass", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Trees outside forest", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "JGRPAIVQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-19T08:29:19Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-19T08:29:19Z" } }, { "key": "FXFUZC7F", "version": 1188, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/FXFUZC7F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/FXFUZC7F", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/CHKMB8X6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FXFUZC7F", "version": 1188, "parentItem": "CHKMB8X6", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Mura et al. - 2015 - Estimating and mapping forest structural diversity.pdf", "accessDate": "2015-10-19T08:28:54Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425715301395/pdfft?md5=d52374879dfa28b5c9af1e9ae6b41d14&pid=1-s2.0-S0034425715301395-main.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Mura et al. - 2015 - Estimating and mapping forest structural diversity.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-19T08:28:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-19T08:29:00Z" } }, { "key": "CHKMB8X6", "version": 1188, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/CHKMB8X6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/CHKMB8X6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mura et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-12-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "CHKMB8X6", "version": 1188, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Estimating and mapping forest structural diversity using airborne laser scanning data", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matteo", "lastName": "Mura" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ronald E.", "lastName": "McRoberts" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gherardo", "lastName": "Chirici" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marco", "lastName": "Marchetti" } ], "abstractNote": "Among the wide array of terrestrial habitats, forest and wooded lands are the richest from both biological and genetic points of view because of their inherent structural and compositional complexity and diversity. Although species composition is an important biodiversity feature, forest structure may be even more relevant for biodiversity assessments because a diversified structure is likely to have more niches, which in turn, host more species and contribute to a more efficient use of available resources. Structure plays a major role as a diversity indicator for management purposes where maps of forest structural diversity are of great utility when planning conservation strategies. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) data have been demonstrated to be a reliable and valid source of information for describing the three-dimensional structure of forests. Using ALS metrics as predictor variables, we developed regression models for predicting indices of forest structural diversity for a study area in Molise, Italy. The study had two primary objectives: (i) to estimate indices of structural diversity for the entire study area, and (ii) to construct maps depicting the spatial pattern of the structural diversity indices. Our results demonstrate the utility of simple linear models using ALS data for improving areal estimates of mean structural diversity, and the resulting maps capture the patterns of structural diversity in the study area.", "publicationTitle": "Remote Sensing of Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 1, 2015", "volume": "170", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "133-142", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Remote Sensing of Environment", "DOI": "10.1016/j.rse.2015.09.016", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425715301395", "accessDate": "2015-10-19T08:28:54Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0034-4257", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Forest structural diversity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "GREG estimator", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Model-assisted estimator", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "airborne laser scanning", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "3I42DGFB" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-19T08:28:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-19T08:28:54Z" } }, { "key": "RWTQ8BWB", "version": 1188, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/RWTQ8BWB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/RWTQ8BWB", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/N49Z8MXX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RWTQ8BWB", "version": 1188, "parentItem": "N49Z8MXX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Saarela - 2015 - Use of remotely sensed auxiliary data for improvin.pdf", "accessDate": "2015-10-19T08:23:45Z", "url": "https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/10138/156392/1/useofrem.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Saarela - 2015 - Use of remotely sensed auxiliary data for improvin.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-19T08:23:45Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-19T08:23:51Z" } }, { "key": "J2X6QNJW", "version": 1188, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/J2X6QNJW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/J2X6QNJW", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/N49Z8MXX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "J2X6QNJW", "version": 1188, "parentItem": "N49Z8MXX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2015-10-19T08:23:48Z", "url": "https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/156392", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "156392.html", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-19T08:23:48Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-19T08:23:48Z" } }, { "key": "N49Z8MXX", "version": 1188, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/N49Z8MXX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/N49Z8MXX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Saarela", "parsedDate": "2015-09-25", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "N49Z8MXX", "version": 1188, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Use of remotely sensed auxiliary data for improving sample-based forest inventories", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Svetlana", "lastName": "Saarela" } ], "abstractNote": "Over the past decades it has been shown that remotely sensed auxiliary data have a potential to increase the precision of key estimators in sample-based forest surveys. This thesis was motivated by the increasing availability of remotely sensed data, and the objectives were to investigate how this type of auxiliary data can be used for improving both the design and the estimators in sample-based surveys. Two different modes of inference were studied: model-based inference and design-based inference. Empirical data for the studies were acquired from a boreal forest area in the Kuortane region of western Finland. The data comprised a combination of auxiliary information derived from airborne LiDAR and Landsat data, and field sample plot data collected using a modification of the 10th Finnish National Forest Inventory. The studied forest attribute was growing stock volume. In Paper I, remotely sensed data were applied at the design stage, using a newly developed design which spreads the sample efficiently in the space of auxiliary data. The analysis was carried out through Monte Carlo sampling simulation using a simulated population developed by way of a copula technique utilizing empirical data from Kuortane. The results of the study showed that the new design resulted in a higher precision when compared to a traditional design where the samples were spread only in the space of geographical data. In Paper II, remotely sensed auxiliary data were applied in connection with model-assisted estimation. The auxiliary data were used mainly in the estimation stage, but also in the design stage through probability-proportional-to-size sampling utilizing Landsat data. The results showed that LiDAR auxiliary data considerably improved the precision compared to estimation based only on field samples. Additionally, in spite of their low correlation with growing stock volume, adding Landsat data as auxiliary data further improved the precision of the estimators. In Paper III, the focus was set on model-based inference and the influence of the use of different models on the precision of estimators. For this study, a second simulated population was developed utilizing the empirical data, including only non-zero growing stock volume observations. The results revealed that the choice of model form in model-based inference had minor to moderate effects on the precision of the estimators. Furthermore, as expected, it was found that model-based prediction and model-assisted estimation performed almost equally well. In Paper IV, the precision of model-based prediction and model-assisted estimation was compared in a case where field and remotely sensed data were geographically mismatched. The same simulated population as used in Paper III was employed in this study. The results showed that the precision in most cases decreased considerably, and more so when LiDAR auxiliary data were applied, compared to when Landsat auxiliary data were used. As for the choice of inferential framework, it was revealed that model-based inference in this case had some advantages compared to design-based inference through model-assisted estimators. The results of this thesis are important for the development of forest inventories to meet the requirements which stem from an increasing number of international commitments and agreements related to forests. \n\n Keywords: design-based, Landsat, LiDAR, model-based, multivariate probability distribution, sampling.", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2015-09-25", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Användning av fjärranalysdata för att förbättra stickprovsbaserade skogsinventeringar", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/156392", "accessDate": "2015-10-19T08:23:45Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "helda.helsinki.fi", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "JGRPAIVQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-19T08:23:45Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-19T08:23:45Z" } }, { "key": "KX6VRPSV", "version": 1188, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/KX6VRPSV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/KX6VRPSV", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/DTHSEDEC", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KX6VRPSV", "version": 1188, "parentItem": "DTHSEDEC", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Larsen et al. - 2011 - Comparison of six individual tree crown detection .pdf", "accessDate": "2015-10-14T15:33:52Z", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01431161.2010.507790", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Larsen et al. - 2011 - Comparison of six individual tree crown detection .pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-14T15:33:52Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-14T15:34:00Z" } }, { "key": "DTHSEDEC", "version": 1188, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/DTHSEDEC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/DTHSEDEC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Larsen et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-10-20", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "DTHSEDEC", "version": 1188, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Comparison of six individual tree crown detection algorithms evaluated under varying forest conditions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Morten", "lastName": "Larsen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mats", "lastName": "Eriksson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xavier", "lastName": "Descombes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Guillaume", "lastName": "Perrin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tomas", "lastName": "Brandtberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "François A.", "lastName": "Gougeon" } ], "abstractNote": "In this article, six individual tree crown (ITC) detection/delineation algorithms are evaluated, using an image data set containing six diverse forest types at different geographical locations in three European countries. The algorithms use fundamentally different techniques, including local maxima detection, valley following (VF), region-growing (RG), template matching (TM), scale-space (SS) theory and techniques based on stochastic frameworks. The structurally complexity of the forests in the aerial images used ranges from a homogeneous plantation and an area with isolated tree crowns to an extremely dense deciduous forest type. None of the algorithms alone could successfully analyse all different cases. The study shows that it is important to partition the imagery into homogeneous forest stands prior to the application of individual tree detection algorithms. It furthermore suggests a need for a common, publicly available suite of test images and common test procedures for evaluation of individual tree detection/delineation algorithms. Finally, it highlights that, for complex forest types, monoscopic images are insufficient for consistent tree crown detection, even by human interpreters.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Remote Sensing", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 20, 2011", "volume": "32", "issue": "20", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "5827-5852", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/01431161.2010.507790", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.507790", "accessDate": "2015-10-14T15:33:52Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0143-1161", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "B79P9494" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-14T15:33:52Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-14T15:33:52Z" } }, { "key": "IHQW3Q99", "version": 1188, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/IHQW3Q99", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/IHQW3Q99", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/MIWCBHGA", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IHQW3Q99", "version": 1188, "parentItem": "MIWCBHGA", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Duncanson et al. - 2015 - Assessing the general patterns of forest structure.pdf", "accessDate": "2015-10-13T09:06:45Z", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/geb.12371/asset/geb12371.pdf?v=1&t=ifp59xx2&s=2ec15a8d5324399c15b8e2924f1097fc2da9caec", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Duncanson et al. - 2015 - Assessing the general patterns of forest structure.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-13T09:06:45Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-13T09:06:52Z" } }, { "key": "MIWCBHGA", "version": 1188, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/MIWCBHGA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/MIWCBHGA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Duncanson et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-09-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "MIWCBHGA", "version": 1188, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Assessing the general patterns of forest structure: quantifying tree and forest allometric scaling relationships in the United States", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Laura I.", "lastName": "Duncanson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ralph O.", "lastName": "Dubayah" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brian J.", "lastName": "Enquist" } ], "abstractNote": "Aim\n\nUnderstanding the drivers of forest structure, function and change is a fundamental problem in both theoretical ecology and applied forestry for carbon mapping and monitoring. An important component of forest ecology research often utilizes allometric equations to scale up local measurements to predict large-scale forest and ecosystem-level properties. However, both applied and theoretical allometries in forest ecology (such as metabolic scaling theory, MST) assume that many scaling relationships are insensitive to broad-scale climate gradients or species life histories. We aim to test these assumptions by mapping continental-scale forest allometry across environmental gradients in the United States.\n\n\nLocation\n\nUnited States.\n\n\nMethods\n\nWe fit exponents to two allometric relationships in c. 100,000 Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) field plots: (1) the relationship between the height of an individual tree and its diameter, and (2) plot-level tree size distributions. We compare fitted exponents to environmental and life-history variables, such as climate, topography and forest structure, in an attempt to explain allometric variability and deviations from theoretically predicted allometries.\n\n\nResults\n\nWe find that the structural allometry of forests varies strongly as a function of location in the United States. Allometric exponents appear to asymptote at approximately where MST theory predicts with increasing forest height, while deviations from MST are partially explained as a function of environmentally driven recruitment limitations and successional status.\n\n\nMain conclusions\n\nWhile we find support for invariant tree and stand allometric scaling relationships in forests that are in steady state with regard to demography and resources, we also find considerable spatial variability in forest allometric relationships when steady-state conditions are violated. These findings suggest that extensions of metabolic scaling theory should incorporate variation in demographic dynamics in younger successional forests, and factors influencing recruitment limitation.", "publicationTitle": "Global Ecology and Biogeography", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 1, 2015", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "n/a-n/a", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Global Ecology and Biogeography", "DOI": "10.1111/geb.12371", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/geb.12371/abstract", "accessDate": "2015-10-13T09:06:45Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1466-8238", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Assessing the general patterns of forest structure", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Allometric scaling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Allometry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Forest Inventory Analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Forest biomass", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Forest structure", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "carbon accounting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "metabolic scaling theory", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "3I42DGFB" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-13T09:06:45Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-13T09:06:45Z" } }, { "key": "UTX3MDU3", "version": 1188, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/UTX3MDU3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/UTX3MDU3", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/E4D8JRSC", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UTX3MDU3", "version": 1188, "parentItem": "E4D8JRSC", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Mura et al. - 2015 - Estimating and mapping forest structural diversity.pdf", "accessDate": "2015-10-13T09:05:38Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425715301395/pdfft?md5=d52374879dfa28b5c9af1e9ae6b41d14&pid=1-s2.0-S0034425715301395-main.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Mura et al. - 2015 - Estimating and mapping forest structural diversity.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-13T09:05:38Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-13T09:05:44Z" } }, { "key": "E4D8JRSC", "version": 1188, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/E4D8JRSC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/E4D8JRSC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mura et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-12-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "E4D8JRSC", "version": 1188, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Estimating and mapping forest structural diversity using airborne laser scanning data", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matteo", "lastName": "Mura" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ronald E.", "lastName": "McRoberts" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gherardo", "lastName": "Chirici" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marco", "lastName": "Marchetti" } ], "abstractNote": "Among the wide array of terrestrial habitats, forest and wooded lands are the richest from both biological and genetic points of view because of their inherent structural and compositional complexity and diversity. Although species composition is an important biodiversity feature, forest structure may be even more relevant for biodiversity assessments because a diversified structure is likely to have more niches, which in turn, host more species and contribute to a more efficient use of available resources. Structure plays a major role as a diversity indicator for management purposes where maps of forest structural diversity are of great utility when planning conservation strategies. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) data have been demonstrated to be a reliable and valid source of information for describing the three-dimensional structure of forests. Using ALS metrics as predictor variables, we developed regression models for predicting indices of forest structural diversity for a study area in Molise, Italy. The study had two primary objectives: (i) to estimate indices of structural diversity for the entire study area, and (ii) to construct maps depicting the spatial pattern of the structural diversity indices. Our results demonstrate the utility of simple linear models using ALS data for improving areal estimates of mean structural diversity, and the resulting maps capture the patterns of structural diversity in the study area.", "publicationTitle": "Remote Sensing of Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 1, 2015", "volume": "170", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "133-142", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Remote Sensing of Environment", "DOI": "10.1016/j.rse.2015.09.016", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425715301395", "accessDate": "2015-10-13T09:05:38Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0034-4257", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Forest structural diversity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "GREG estimator", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Model-assisted estimator", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "airborne laser scanning", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "3I42DGFB" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-13T09:05:38Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-13T09:05:38Z" } }, { "key": "RBHQQX4Q", "version": 1188, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/RBHQQX4Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/RBHQQX4Q", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/FTT5VPHU", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RBHQQX4Q", "version": 1188, "parentItem": "FTT5VPHU", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Siegert et al. - 2016 - Small-scale topographic variability influences tre.pdf", "accessDate": "2015-10-13T09:05:10Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037811271500523X/pdfft?md5=8f6feda3b203cab0bb3cf8260bda36ff&pid=1-s2.0-S037811271500523X-main.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Siegert et al. - 2016 - Small-scale topographic variability influences tre.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-13T09:05:10Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-13T09:05:17Z" } }, { "key": "FTT5VPHU", "version": 1188, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/FTT5VPHU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/FTT5VPHU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Siegert et al.", "parsedDate": "2016-01-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "FTT5VPHU", "version": 1188, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Small-scale topographic variability influences tree species distribution and canopy throughfall partitioning in a temperate deciduous forest", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. M.", "lastName": "Siegert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. F.", "lastName": "Levia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. A.", "lastName": "Hudson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. L.", "lastName": "Dowtin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Zhang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. J.", "lastName": "Mitchell" } ], "abstractNote": "At very large spatial scales, the impacts of topography, elevation, and aspect on throughfall variability are apparent. However, within relatively small catchments (<50 ha), differences in species composition induced by slight changes in elevation coupled with slope orientation, could result in sufficient canopy variability whereby throughfall hydrology would be definitively different across small gradients. This study aims to (1) quantify the differences in throughfall hydrology across small topographic gradients, (2) determine the variability of throughfall across such gradients, and (3) determine the seasonal effects on throughfall hydrology resulting from differences in species composition and growing niches.\n\nThroughfall partitioning was measured during 15 sampling periods at 4 landscape positions including 3 hillslopes with aspects facing north (NF), west (WF), and south (SF) in addition to a flat area (F) situated in the center of a 12 ha deciduous catchment. Throughfall partitioning was significantly lower on the steepest SF plot (TF = 75.0%) than on the moderately sloping NF (TF = 83.9%, p = 0.001) and F (TF = 81.7%, p = 0.037) plots. SF also had the largest degree of throughfall variability (CV = 20.1), resulting from overlapping canopies, which led to higher rates of canopy interception. NF and WF plots exhibited the largest inter-seasonal differences with decreases in throughfall partitioning of 13.2% (p = 0.013) and 12.1% (p = 0.052), respectively, and corresponded to the largest differences in plant canopy indices (PAI) between seasons. Although slope and aspect were found to be distinguishing variables in our study, it was the influence of these variables on species composition that led to differences in throughfall quantity. Our study illustrates the systematic distribution of water resources across topographic positions within a relatively small forested catchment and highlights the need for additional consideration of topography-induced controls on microclimate and growing space, which ultimately influence water quality and quantity for effective management strategies.", "publicationTitle": "Forest Ecology and Management", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 1, 2016", "volume": "359", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "109-117", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Forest Ecology and Management", "DOI": "10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.028", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037811271500523X", "accessDate": "2015-10-13T09:05:10Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0378-1127", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Catchment topography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Deciduous forest", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Forest hydrology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Throughfall", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "5MBQZG3J" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-13T09:05:10Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-13T09:05:10Z" } }, { "key": "2UIKFB4K", "version": 1186, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/2UIKFB4K", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/2UIKFB4K", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/43JQ4SPV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2UIKFB4K", "version": 1186, "parentItem": "43JQ4SPV", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Tompalski et al. - 2014 - Simulating the impacts of error in species and hei.pdf", "accessDate": "2015-10-06T09:41:44Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112714002916/pdfft?md5=6759ccd3f9c00a25214b9055bc6367b8&pid=1-s2.0-S0378112714002916-main.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Tompalski et al. - 2014 - Simulating the impacts of error in species and hei.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-06T09:41:44Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-06T09:41:52Z" } }, { "key": "43JQ4SPV", "version": 1186, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/43JQ4SPV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/43JQ4SPV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tompalski et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-09-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "43JQ4SPV", "version": 1186, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Simulating the impacts of error in species and height upon tree volume derived from airborne laser scanning data", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Piotr", "lastName": "Tompalski" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicholas C.", "lastName": "Coops" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joanne C.", "lastName": "White" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael A.", "lastName": "Wulder" } ], "abstractNote": "A key requirement of sustainable forest management is accurate, timely, and comprehensive information on forest resources, which is provided through forest inventories. In Canada, forest inventories are conventionally undertaken through the delineation and interpretation of forest stands using aerial photography, supported by data from permanent and temporary sample plots. In recent years, Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data have been shown to provide accurate estimates of a range of forest structural attributes. As a result, ALS has emerged as an increasingly common data source for enhanced forest inventory programs. Capture of species compositional information with ALS, based upon the nature of the data, is less reliable than structural variables, with species information typically derived from spectral or textural interpretation of aerial photography or very high spatial resolution digital imagery. Utilizing national allometric equations for the major species found in British Columbia, Canada, and a series of individual tree-level simulations, we analyzed (i) how incorrect species identification can influence individual tree volume prediction; (ii) which of the possible species substitutions result in higher volume errors; (iii) how the error in height that is typical for photogrammetry-based and ALS-based forest inventories impacts individual tree volume estimates; and (iv) the impact of combined errors in both species composition and height on overall individual tree volume estimates. Our results indicate that species information is important for volume calculations, and that the use of generic (i.e. all species) or cover-type allometric equations can lead to large errors in volume estimates. We also found that, even with a 50% error in species composition (whereby incorrect species-specific equations are substituted), volume estimates derived from species-specific allometric equations were more accurate than estimates derived from generic or cover-type equations. Our findings indicate that errors in species composition have less impact on individual tree volume estimates than errors in height measurement. The implications of these results are that, with very accurate estimates of height provided by ALS and knowledge of what dominant species is expected in a stand, accurate estimates of volume can be generated in the absence of more detailed species composition information.", "publicationTitle": "Forest Ecology and Management", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 1, 2014", "volume": "327", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "167-177", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Forest Ecology and Management", "DOI": "10.1016/j.foreco.2014.05.011", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112714002916", "accessDate": "2015-10-06T09:41:44Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0378-1127", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "ALS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Forest inventory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Individual tree volume", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lidar", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Species composition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "remote sensing", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "RMATDZ9I" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-06T09:41:44Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-06T09:41:44Z" } }, { "key": "XT48VD4J", "version": 1186, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/XT48VD4J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/XT48VD4J", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/XHNJP7X3", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XT48VD4J", "version": 1186, "parentItem": "XHNJP7X3", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Zaki et al. - 2015 - Individual tree crown (ITC) delineation using wate.pdf", "accessDate": "2015-10-06T07:43:33Z", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7269215/7283733/07283795.pdf?tp=&arnumber=7283795&isnumber=7283733", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Zaki et al. - 2015 - Individual tree crown (ITC) delineation using wate.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-06T07:43:33Z", "dateModified": "2015-10-06T07:43:47Z" } }, { "key": "XHNJP7X3", "version": 1186, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 207169, "name": "Remote sensing applications in forestry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/207169/items/XHNJP7X3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/remote_sensing_applications_in_forestry/items/XHNJP7X3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1389213, "username": "mparkan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mparkan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zaki et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-08", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "XHNJP7X3", "version": 1186, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Individual tree crown (ITC) delineation using watershed transformation algorithm for tropical lowland dipterocarp", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nurul Ain Mohd", "lastName": "Zaki" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zulkiflee Abd", "lastName": "Latif" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mohd Zainee", "lastName": "Zainal" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Khairulazhar", "lastName": "Zainuddin" } ], "abstractNote": "Tropical forest embraces a large stock of carbon and contributes to the enormous amount of above and below ground biomass in the global carbon cycle. Very high resolution imagery (VHR) satellite imagery can provide new opportunities to estimate the biomass and carbon stock of the forest area using crown projection area (CPA) as one of the predictor variable for accurately estimation the biophysical of the individual trees. Using multi-resolution segmentation resulted in inclusive accuracy of 82% in 1:1 correspondence and 78% segmentation accuracy with 21% error was observed from goodness of fit (D) value. Watershed transformation algorithm had been proven that suitable to be used to delineate the tree crown of the tropical lowland Dipterocarp forest area. In this study, data had been collected in tropical lowland Dipterocarp Royal Belum Forest Reserve, Perak State, Malaysia. The dominant species of this studies comes from families Dipterocarpaceae, Myrtaceae, Fabaceae and Lauraceae. A circular plot of 500 m2 area with a 12.62 m radius had been used during forest inventory data collection. 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