[ { "key": "WM6RUAT7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/WM6RUAT7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/WM6RUAT7", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/KGC8A6W9", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "WM6RUAT7", "version": 1, "parentItem": "KGC8A6W9", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Wiley Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2011-07-17T04:14:57Z", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01755.x/pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-17T04:14:57Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-17T04:14:57Z" } }, { "key": "KGC8A6W9", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/KGC8A6W9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/KGC8A6W9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Miloglu et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-07-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "KGC8A6W9", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Is the Assessment of Dental Age by the Nolla Method Valid for Eastern Turkish Children?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ozkan", "lastName": "Miloglu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mevlut", "lastName": "Celikoglu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Asim", "lastName": "Dane" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kenan", "lastName": "Cantekin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ahmet Berhan", "lastName": "Yilmaz" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract:  The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the Nolla method is appropriate for Turkish children for the determination of the dental age (DA). A group of 719 children between the ages of 6 and 18 years were included in the study. DAs from orthopantograms by the Nolla method were estimated. The results obtained were compared with chronologic age (CA). Paired t and the Wilcoxon tests were performed. Both genders were underestimated in dental maturity when compared with the reference samples in total (−0.3 years) (p < 0.01). The differences in girls were statistically significant in total and in all groups except for 7–7.9. The differences in boys between the CAs and DAs were not statistically significant in total and in all groups except for 7–7.9 and 8–8.9. Although the accuracy of this method was suitable for boys, according to our findings, it was not suitable for girls.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Forensic Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011/07/01", "volume": "56", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1025-1028", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01755.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01755.x/abstract", "accessDate": "2011-07-17T04:14:57Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1556-4029", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Nolla’s method", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Turkish children", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "age estimation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "chronologic age", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "dental age", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "forensic science", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-17T04:14:57Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-17T04:14:57Z" } }, { "key": "F65IHFIV", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/F65IHFIV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/F65IHFIV", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/DQTT2E39", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "F65IHFIV", "version": 1, "parentItem": "DQTT2E39", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Wiley Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2011-07-17T04:14:33Z", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01797.x/pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-17T04:14:33Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-17T04:14:33Z" } }, { "key": "DQTT2E39", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/DQTT2E39", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/DQTT2E39", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ishii et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-07-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DQTT2E39", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Application of Superimposition‐Based Personal Identification Using Skull Computed Tomography Images", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Masuko", "lastName": "Ishii" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kazuhiro", "lastName": "Yayama" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hisako", "lastName": "Motani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ayaka", "lastName": "Sakuma" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daisuke", "lastName": "Yasjima" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mutumi", "lastName": "Hayakawa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Seiji", "lastName": "Yamamoto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hirotaro", "lastName": "Iwase" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract:  Superimposition has been applied to skulls of unidentified skeletonized corpses as a personal identification method. The current method involves layering of a skull and a facial image of a suspected person and thus requires a real skeletonized skull. In this study, we scanned skulls of skeletonized corpses by computed tomography (CT), reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) images of skulls from the CT images, and superimposed the 3D images with facial images of the corresponding persons taken in their lives. Superimposition using 3D-reconstructed skull images demonstrated, as did superimposition using real skulls, an adequate degree of morphological consistency between the 3D-reconstructed skulls and persons in the facial images. Three-dimensional skull images reconstructed from CT images can be saved as data files and the use of these images in superimposition is effective for personal identification of unidentified bodies.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Forensic Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011/07/01", "volume": "56", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "960-966", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01797.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01797.x/abstract", "accessDate": "2011-07-17T04:14:33Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1556-4029", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "computed tomography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "facial superimposition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "forensic identification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "forensic science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "skull images", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "superimposition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "three‐dimensional reconstruction", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-17T04:14:33Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-17T04:14:33Z" } }, { "key": "342RTKZD", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/342RTKZD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/342RTKZD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hartnett et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-07-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "342RTKZD", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Effects of Corrosive Substances on Human Bone, Teeth, Hair, Nails, and Soft Tissue*", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kristen M", "lastName": "Hartnett" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Laura C", "lastName": "Fulginiti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Frank", "lastName": "Di Modica" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract:  This research investigates the effects of household chemicals on human tissues. Five different human tissues (bone, tooth, hair, fingernails, and skin/muscle/fat) were immersed into six different corrosive agents. These agents consisted of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, lye, bleach, organic septic cleaner, and Coca-Cola® soda. Tap water was used as a control. Tissue samples were cut to consistent sizes and submerged in the corrosive liquids. Over time, the appearance, consistency, and weight were documented. Hydrochloric acid was the most destructive agent in this study, consuming most tissues within 24 h. Sulfuric acid was the second most destructive agent in this study. Bleach, lye, and cola had no structural effects on the hard tissues of the body, but did alter the appearance or integrity of the hair, nails, or flesh in some way. The organic septic cleaner and tap water had no effect on any of the human tissue tested during the timeframe of the study.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Forensic Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011/07/01", "volume": "56", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "954-959", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01752.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01752.x/abstract", "accessDate": "2011-07-17T04:14:09Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1556-4029", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Forensic Anthropology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "acids", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bone", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "forensic science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "soft tissue", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "teeth", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-17T04:14:09Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-17T04:14:09Z" } }, { "key": "5T9QNMUG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/5T9QNMUG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/5T9QNMUG", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/342RTKZD", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "5T9QNMUG", "version": 1, "parentItem": "342RTKZD", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Wiley Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2011-07-17T04:14:09Z", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01752.x/pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-17T04:14:09Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-17T04:14:09Z" } }, { "key": "HG28EM8Q", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/HG28EM8Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/HG28EM8Q", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/WGVIGDWF", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "HG28EM8Q", "version": 1, "parentItem": "WGVIGDWF", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Wiley Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2011-07-17T04:03:44Z", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.21531/pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-17T04:03:44Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-17T04:03:44Z" } }, { "key": "WGVIGDWF", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/WGVIGDWF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/WGVIGDWF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Weisensee and Jantz", "parsedDate": "2011-08-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "WGVIGDWF", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Secular changes in craniofacial morphology of the portuguese using geometric morphometrics", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katherine E", "lastName": "Weisensee" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard L", "lastName": "Jantz" } ], "abstractNote": "This study examines patterns of secular change in cranial morphology in the New Lisbon collection, a documented skeletal collection from Lisbon, Portugal with birth years from 1806 to 1954. This period represents a time when Lisbon was undergoing increased urbanization and population growth, as well as changes in mortality and fertility patterns. Previous studies from the U.S., Europe, and Japan have reported significant secular changes in cranial morphology over the past 200 years. In the current study, secular changes were analyzed using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics methods. The results from this study demonstrate a significant change in cranial morphology over the roughly 150-year period. Allometry was rejected as a causal factor of this change because there was no association found between temporal change and size. The pattern of temporal change is similar to that observed in other populations in the U.S., Europe, and Japan, including decreased facial breadth and a more inferiorly placed cranial base. This study, along with previous research, suggests a similar pattern of change occurs in genetically and geographically diverse populations experiencing modern environmental conditions. We argue that because the secular changes are focused in the cranial base, a region of the skull that experiences a relatively early growth curve, changes related to declines in childhood morbidity and mortality are likely important factors related to the observed changes. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Physical Anthropology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011/08/01", "volume": "145", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "548-559", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/ajpa.21531", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.21531/abstract", "accessDate": "2011-07-17T04:03:44Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1096-8644", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "cranial morphology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "demographic transition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "mortality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "plasticity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "urbanization", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-17T04:03:44Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-17T04:03:44Z" } }, { "key": "TNWVICTF", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/TNWVICTF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/TNWVICTF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/EV6ZNVI6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "TNWVICTF", "version": 1, "parentItem": "EV6ZNVI6", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Wiley Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2011-07-17T03:50:45Z", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.21485/pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-17T03:50:45Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-17T03:50:45Z" } }, { "key": "EV6ZNVI6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/EV6ZNVI6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/EV6ZNVI6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Coquerelle et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-06-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "EV6ZNVI6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Sexual dimorphism of the human mandible and its association with dental development", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Coquerelle" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fred L", "lastName": "Bookstein" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "José", "lastName": "Braga" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Demetrios J", "lastName": "Halazonetis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gerhard W", "lastName": "Weber" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philipp", "lastName": "Mitteroecker" } ], "abstractNote": "The present study investigates whether the human mandible is sexually dimorphic during early postnatal development and whether early dimorphic features persist during subsequent ontogeny. We also examine whether mandibular dimorphism is linked to dimorphism of dental development. Dense CT-derived mandibular meshes of 84 females and 75 males, ranging from birth to adulthood, were analyzed using geometric morphometric methods. On the basis of the specimen's chronological ages and mineralization stages of the deciduous and permanent teeth, we compute dental age as proxy for dental development by the additive conjoint measurement method. By birth, males have, on average, more advanced age-specific shapes than females. However, sex differences decrease quickly as females catch up via a different association between shape and size. This leads to an almost complete reduction of sexual dimorphism between the ages of 4 and 14. From puberty to adulthood, males are characterized by allometric shape changes while the shape of the female mandible continues to change even after size has ceased to increase. Dimorphism of dental maturation becomes visible only at puberty. Sexual dimorphism, concentrated at the ramus and the mental region during the earliest ontogenetic stages and again at adulthood, is not associated with the development of the teeth. At puberty there is a simultaneous peak in size increase, shape development, and dental maturation likely controlled by the surge of sex hormones with a dimorphic onset age. We argue that the infant and adult dimorphism of the mental region may be associated with the development of supralaryngeal structures. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Physical Anthropology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011/06/01", "volume": "145", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "192-202", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/ajpa.21485", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.21485/abstract", "accessDate": "2011-07-17T03:50:45Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1096-8644", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "mandible", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ontogeny", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sexual dimorphism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "shape", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "teeth", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-17T03:50:45Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-17T03:50:45Z" } }, { "key": "2QUTB4UU", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - 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Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/VISWBH4T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/VISWBH4T", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Shirley and Jantz", "parsedDate": "2011-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "VISWBH4T", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Spheno‐Occipital Synchondrosis Fusion in Modern Americans*,†", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Natalie R", "lastName": "Shirley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard L", "lastName": "Jantz" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract:  This study examines spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion in the modern American population and presents age ranges for forensic use. The sample includes 162 modern individuals aged 5–25 years. The basilar synchondrosis was scored as open, closing, or closed via direct inspection of the ectocranial site of the suture. Transition analysis was used to determine the average ages at which an individual transitions from unfused to fusing and from fusing to fused. The maximum likelihood estimates from the transition analysis indicate that females are most likely to transition from open to closing at 11.4 years and males at 16.5 years. Females transition from closing to closed at 13.7 years and males at 17.4 years. The probability distributions associated with these maximum likelihood estimates were used to derive age ranges for age estimation purposes. These results reflect sexual dimorphism in basilar synchondrosis fusion and agree approximately with average age at pubertal onset.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Forensic Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2011", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01705.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01705.x/abstract", "accessDate": "2011-04-20T15:12:17Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1556-4029", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Forensic Anthropology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "age estimation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "basilar suture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "forensic science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "skeletal maturation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "spheno‐occipital synchondrosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transition analysis", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-20T15:12:17Z", "dateModified": "2011-06-04T14:46:35Z" } }, { "key": "9NNFCZ3B", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/9NNFCZ3B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/9NNFCZ3B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Steyn", "parsedDate": "2011-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9NNFCZ3B", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Case report: Forensic anthropological assessment in a suspected case of child abuse from South Africa", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Steyn" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Forensic Science International", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2011", "volume": "In Press, Corrected Proof", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.01.023", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T6W-525FW0M-2/2/b2ad8d72643265a8e0a49d91a68c2161", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0379-0738", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Child Abuse" }, { "tag": "Cranial base fracture" }, { "tag": "Forensic osteology" }, { "tag": "Petrosal fracture" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-20T20:02:19Z", "dateModified": "2011-06-04T14:46:11Z" } }, { "key": "9HMQ324M", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/9HMQ324M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/9HMQ324M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ubelaker and Zarenko", "parsedDate": "2011-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9HMQ324M", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Adipocere: What is known after over two centuries of research", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Douglas H.", "lastName": "Ubelaker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kristina M.", "lastName": "Zarenko" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Forensic Science International", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2011", "volume": "In Press, Corrected Proof", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.11.024", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T6W-51SDKJD-3/2/fa39926f443c788f8147f679b7ec0689", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0379-0738", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adipocere" }, { "tag": "Chemical composition" }, { "tag": "Formation" }, { "tag": "Mummification" }, { "tag": "taphonomy" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-20T20:02:19Z", "dateModified": "2011-06-04T14:45:52Z" } }, { "key": "PIGU9ZDX", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/PIGU9ZDX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/PIGU9ZDX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ubelaker and Parra", "parsedDate": "2011-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "PIGU9ZDX", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Radiocarbon analysis of dental enamel and bone to evaluate date of birth and death: Perspective from the southern hemisphere", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Douglas H.", "lastName": "Ubelaker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roberto C.", "lastName": "Parra" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Forensic Science International", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2011", "volume": "In Press, Corrected Proof", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.11.013", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T6W-51PXTB2-1/2/0396ddd582208d146616a27e6ffacc72", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0379-0738", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Peru" }, { "tag": "Radiocarbon" }, { "tag": "Skeletons" }, { "tag": "Time since death" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-20T20:02:19Z", "dateModified": "2011-06-04T14:32:39Z" } }, { "key": "HVC58A5C", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/HVC58A5C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/HVC58A5C", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pounder and Reeder", "parsedDate": "2011-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "HVC58A5C", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Striation patterns in serrated blade stabs to cartilage", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Derrick J.", "lastName": "Pounder" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francesca D.", "lastName": "Reeder" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Forensic Science International", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2011", "volume": "In Press, Corrected Proof", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.11.015", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T6W-51R518M-2/2/aef50f2733077afeecbf5fb732f36da6", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0379-0738", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Class characteristics" }, { "tag": "Drop point" }, { "tag": "Serrated knives" }, { "tag": "Stab wounds" }, { "tag": "Striations" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-20T20:02:19Z", "dateModified": "2011-06-04T14:11:33Z" } }, { "key": "JIPI8DS6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/JIPI8DS6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/JIPI8DS6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bassed et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "JIPI8DS6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Age Estimation and the Developing Third Molar Tooth: An Analysis of an Australian Population Using Computed Tomography", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard B", "lastName": "Bassed" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Briggs" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Olaf H", "lastName": "Drummer" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract:  The third molar tooth is one of the few anatomical sites available for age estimation of unknown age individuals in the late adolescent years. Computed tomography (CT) images were assessed in an Australian population aged from 15 to 25 years for development trends, particularly concerning age estimation at the child/adult transition point of 18 years. The CT images were also compared to conventional radiographs to assess the developmental scoring agreement between the two and it was found that agreement of Demirjian scores between the two imaging modalities was excellent. The relatively wide age ranges (mean ± 2SD) indicate that the third molar is not a precise tool for age estimation (age ranges of 3–8 years) but is, however, a useful tool for discriminating the adult/child transition age of 18 years. In the current study 100% of females and 96% of males with completed roots were over 18 years of age.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Forensic Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 2011", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01769.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01769.x/abstract", "accessDate": "2011-04-20T14:02:36Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1556-4029", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Age Estimation and the Developing Third Molar Tooth", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Australian population", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "age estimation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computed tomography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "forensic odontology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "forensic science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "third molar tooth", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-20T14:02:36Z", "dateModified": "2011-06-04T13:48:25Z" } }, { "key": "4MU5PQCM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/4MU5PQCM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/4MU5PQCM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Stubblefield", "parsedDate": "2011-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "4MU5PQCM", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Anatomical Diaspora: Evidence of Early American Anatomical Traditions in North Dakota", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Phoebe R", "lastName": "Stubblefield" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract:  The current focus in forensic anthropology on increasing scientific certainty in ancestry determination reinforces the need to examine the ancestry of skeletal remains used for osteology instruction. Human skeletal remains were discovered on the University of North Dakota campus in 2007. After recovery, the osteological examination resulted in a profile for a 33- to 46-year-old woman of African descent with stature ranging from 56.3 to 61.0 in. The pattern of postmortem damage indicated that the remains had been prepared for use as an anatomical teaching specimen. Review of the American history of anatomical teaching revealed a preference for Black subjects, which apparently extended to states like North Dakota despite extremely low resident populations of people of African descent. This study emphasizes the need to examine the ancestry of older teaching specimens that lack provenience, rather than assuming they are derived from typical (i.e., Indian) sources of anatomical material.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Forensic Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 2011", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01738.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01738.x/abstract", "accessDate": "2011-04-20T15:08:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1556-4029", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Anatomical Diaspora", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Anatomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Black people", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Forensic Anthropology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "North Dakota", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "anatomical specimens", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ancestry determination", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "forensic science", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-20T15:08:19Z", "dateModified": "2011-06-04T13:47:49Z" } }, { "key": "2CST47Q9", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20512, "name": "Society of Forensic Anthropologists (SOFA) - Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20512/items/2CST47Q9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/society_of_forensic_anthropologists_sofa_-_forensic_anthropology_bibliography/items/2CST47Q9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198518, "username": "SOFA Forensic Anthropology Bibliography", "name": "Brian Spatola", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sofa_forensic_anthropology_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wyman et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "2CST47Q9", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Temporal Fate of Drugs in Decomposing Porcine Tissue*", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John F", "lastName": "Wyman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dorothy E", "lastName": "Dean" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rachel", "lastName": "Yinger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amber", "lastName": "Simmons" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Brobst" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Bissell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fernando", "lastName": "Silveira" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nancy", "lastName": "Kelly" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Shott" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joseph", "lastName": "Ohr" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rick", "lastName": "Howard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bradley", "lastName": "Lewis" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract:  Drug levels in decomposed individuals are difficult to interpret. Concentrations of 16 drugs were monitored in tissues (blood, brain, liver, kidney, muscle, and soil) from decomposing pigs for 1 week. Pigs were divided into groups (n = 5) with each group receiving four drugs. Drug cocktails were prepared from pharmaceutical formulations. Intracardiac pentobarbital sacrifice was 4 h after dosing, with tissue collection at 4, 24, 48, 96, and 168 h postdosing. Samples were frozen until assay. Detection and quantitation of drugs were through solid phase extraction followed by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer analysis. Brain and kidneys were not available after 48 h; liver and muscle persisted for 1 week. Concentration of drugs increased during decomposition. During 1 week of decomposition, muscle showed average levels increasing but concentrations in liver were increased many fold, compared to muscle. Attempting to interpret drug levels in decomposed bodies may lead to incorrect conclusions about cause and manner of death.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Forensic Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2011", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01725.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01725.x/abstract", "accessDate": "2011-04-20T13:55:06Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1556-4029", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "blood", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "decomposing tissue", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "drugs", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "forensic science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "liver", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "muscle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "pig", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-20T13:55:06Z", "dateModified": "2011-06-04T13:45:54Z" } } ]