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This paper presents a methodology used to analyze the uncertainty of the recovered unit surface normal with respect to irradiance variance. Illumination configurations and the values of the composite albedo are found to directly affect the stability of the photometric stereo technique. An orthogonally distributed illumination arrangement is proven to be the theoretically optimal configuration. Further practical considerations are also identified. The derived general uncertainty expression can be easily employed to optimize the location of the light sources. Hence, the work is of significance for the development of practical industrial applications of photometric stereo, including metrology, reverse engineering and various surface inspection tasks.", "publicationTitle": "Image and Vision Computing", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 1, 2007", "volume": "25", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1073-1079", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.imavis.2006.04.024", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V09-4M1CYX9-2/2/0e13b1b3e396f884039ffdfe54f447ee", "accessDate": "2010-01-11T22:51:54Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0262-8856", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Illumination configuration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Surface normal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Uncertainty", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photometric stereo", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "NT75M4HF" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-01-11T22:51:54Z", "dateModified": "2010-01-11T22:51:54Z" } }, { "key": "SM6XNWU8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2045, "name": "3D Reconstruction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/SM6XNWU8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction/items/SM6XNWU8", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/9JRDJB98", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30165, "username": "soner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/soner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SM6XNWU8", "version": 1, "parentItem": "9JRDJB98", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "IEEE Xplore Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2010-01-11T22:42:21Z", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stampPDF/getPDF.jsp?tp=&arnumber=223147&isnumber=5817", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Lee and Kuo - 1992 - Shape reconstruction from photometric stereo.pdf", "md5": "126f3be24b7304f8341ff902a4b632a4", "mtime": 1263249742000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-01-11T22:42:21Z", "dateModified": "2010-01-11T22:42:22Z" } }, { "key": "9JRDJB98", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2045, "name": "3D Reconstruction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/9JRDJB98", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction/items/9JRDJB98", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30165, "username": "soner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/soner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lee and Kuo", "parsedDate": "1992", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9JRDJB98", "version": 1, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Shape reconstruction from photometric stereo", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.M.", "lastName": "Lee" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.-C.J.", "lastName": "Kuo" } ], "abstractNote": "Two iterative algorithms for shape reconstruction based on\nmultiple images taken under different lighting conditions, known as\nphotometric stereo, are proposed. It is shown that single-image\nshape-from-shading (SFS) algorithms have an inherent problem, i.e., the\naccuracy of the reconstructed surface height is related to the slope of\nthe reflectance map function defined on the gradient space. This\nobservation motivates the authors to generalize the single-image SFS\nalgorithm to two photometric stereo SFS algorithms aiming at more\naccurate surface reconstruction. The two algorithms directly determine\nthe surface height by minimizing a quadratic cost functional, which is\ndefined to be the square of the brightness error obtained from each\nindividual image in a parallel or cascade manner. The optimal\nillumination condition that leads to best shape reconstruction is\nexamined", "proceedingsTitle": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1992. Proceedings CVPR '92., 1992 IEEE Computer Society Conference on", "conferenceName": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1992. Proceedings CVPR '92., 1992 IEEE Computer Society Conference on", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1992", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "479-484", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/CVPR.1992.223147", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "IEEE Xplore", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "brightness error", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "gradient space", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "image reconstruction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "iterative algorithms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "multiple images", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "optimal illumination condition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photometric stereo", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quadratic cost functional", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "reconstructed surface height", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "reflectance map function", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "shape reconstruction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "single-image shape-from-shading", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "stereo image processing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "surface height", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "NT75M4HF" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-01-11T22:42:18Z", "dateModified": "2010-01-11T22:42:18Z" } }, { "key": "P8JPXE3P", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2045, "name": "3D Reconstruction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/P8JPXE3P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction/items/P8JPXE3P", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/Q4R2TDFF", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30165, "username": "soner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/soner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "P8JPXE3P", "version": 1, "parentItem": "Q4R2TDFF", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "IEEE Xplore Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2010-01-11T22:04:41Z", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stampPDF/getPDF.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1610530&isnumber=33816", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Spence and Chantler - 2006 - Optimal illumination for three-image photometric s.pdf", "md5": "97ee322efdfd9ca13135e1395cce0bec", "mtime": 1263247484000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-01-11T22:04:41Z", "dateModified": "2010-01-11T22:04:43Z" } }, { "key": "Q4R2TDFF", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2045, "name": "3D Reconstruction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/Q4R2TDFF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction/items/Q4R2TDFF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30165, "username": "soner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/soner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Spence and Chantler", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "Q4R2TDFF", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Optimal illumination for three-image photometric stereo using sensitivity analysis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.D.", "lastName": "Spence" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.J.", "lastName": "Chantler" } ], "abstractNote": "The optimal placement of the illumination for three-image photometric stereo acquisition of smooth and rough surface textures with respect to camera noise is derived and verified experimentally. The sensitivities of the scaled surface normal elements are derived and used to provide expressions for the noise variances. An overall figure of merit is developed by considering the image-based rendering (i.e. relighting) of Lambertian surfaces. This metric is optimised numerically with respect to the illumination angles. An orthogonal configuration was found to be optimal. With regard to constant slant, the optimal separation between the tilt angles of successive illumination vectors was found to be 120°. The optimal slant angle was found to be 90° for smooth surface textures and 55° for rough surface textures.", "publicationTitle": "Vision, Image and Signal Processing, IEE Proceedings -", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "153", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "149-159", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Vision, Image and Signal Processing, IEE Proceedings -", "DOI": "10.1049/ip-vis:20050229", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1350-245X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Lambertian surfaces", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "camera noise", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "image texture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "image-based rendering", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "noise variances", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "optimal illumination", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "optimal slant angle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photometry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "rough surface textures", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sensitivity analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "smooth surface textures", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "stereo image processing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "three-image photometric stereo", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "NT75M4HF" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-01-11T22:04:38Z", "dateModified": "2010-01-11T22:04:38Z" } }, { "key": "BXEVM2PP", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2045, "name": "3D Reconstruction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/BXEVM2PP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction/items/BXEVM2PP", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/TC2B2Z9X", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30165, "username": "soner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/soner", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "BXEVM2PP", "version": 1, "parentItem": "TC2B2Z9X", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2010-01-11T20:21:08Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V09-4M1CYX9-3&_user=691352&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1162317033&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000038698&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=691352&md5=b5d54eec8672e2a19b3388d21fc98826", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "science.html", "md5": null, "mtime": 1263241266853, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-01-11T20:26:34Z", "dateModified": "2010-01-11T20:26:34Z" } }, { "key": "D8N7MCI3", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2045, "name": "3D Reconstruction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/D8N7MCI3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction/items/D8N7MCI3", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/TC2B2Z9X", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30165, "username": "soner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/soner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "D8N7MCI3", "version": 1, "parentItem": "TC2B2Z9X", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2010-01-11T20:21:07Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6V09-4M1CYX9-3-6&_cdi=5641&_user=691352&_orig=search&_coverDate=07%2F01%2F2007&_sk=999749992&view=c&wchp=dGLzVtz-zSkWz&md5=8bcb1abd9e7ee491f5cdbdeb7468d720&ie=/sdarticle.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Sun et al. - 2007 - Object surface recovery using a multi-light photom.pdf", "md5": "184e41f5e710b3b3602c75d3e8521cad", "mtime": 1263241284000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-01-11T20:26:34Z", "dateModified": "2010-01-11T20:26:34Z" } }, { "key": "TC2B2Z9X", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2045, "name": "3D Reconstruction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/TC2B2Z9X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction/items/TC2B2Z9X", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30165, "username": "soner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/soner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sun et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-07-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "TC2B2Z9X", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Object surface recovery using a multi-light photometric stereo technique for non-Lambertian surfaces subject to shadows and specularities", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jiuai", "lastName": "Sun" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Melvyn", "lastName": "Smith" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lyndon", "lastName": "Smith" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sagar", "lastName": "Midha" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeff", "lastName": "Bamber" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper presents a new multi-light source photometric stereo system for reconstructing images of various characteristics of non-Lambertian rough surfaces with widely varying texture and specularity. Compared to the traditional three-light photometric stereo method, extra lights are employed using a hierarchical selection strategy to eliminate the effects of shadows and specularities, and to make the system more robust. We also show that six lights is the minimum needed in order to apply photometric stereo to the entire visible surface of any convex object. Experiments on synthetic and real scenes demonstrate that the proposed method can extract surface reflectance and orientation effectively, even in the presence of strong shadows and highlights. Hence, the method offers advantages in the recovery of dichromatic surfaces possessing rough texture or deeply relieved topographic features, with applications in reverse engineering and industrial surface inspection. Experimental results are presented in the paper.", "publicationTitle": "Image and Vision Computing", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 1, 2007", "volume": "25", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1050-1057", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.imavis.2006.04.025", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V09-4M1CYX9-3/2/ecbae0c37d6ddabc4d899009fe0fe028", "accessDate": "2010-01-11T20:21:05Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0262-8856", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Height map", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Linear least-squares solution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Shadows", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Specular reflection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Surface reflectance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photometric stereo", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "surface orientation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "3GQAJT2A" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-01-11T20:26:34Z", "dateModified": "2010-01-11T20:26:34Z" } }, { "key": "9CX5GGS5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2045, "name": "3D Reconstruction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/9CX5GGS5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction/items/9CX5GGS5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30165, "username": "soner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/soner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Alldrin and Kriegman", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9CX5GGS5", "version": 1, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Toward Reconstructing Surfaces With Arbitrary Isotropic Reflectance : A Stratified Photometric Stereo Approach", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.G.", "lastName": "Alldrin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.J.", "lastName": "Kriegman" } ], "abstractNote": "We consider the problem of reconstructing the shape of a surface with an arbitrary, spatially varying isotropic bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), and introduce a novel, stratified photometric stereo method. By using a particular configuration of lights, it is possible to use symmetry in the image measurements resulting from BRDF isotropy to estimate at each point a plane containing the surface normal. For differentiable surfaces, this allows us to recover the isocontours of the depth map, but not the actual depth associated with each contour. The isocontour structure provides topological information about the surface (critical points, Reeb graph, etc.). By using additional cues in the image data or imposing additional constraints on the surface (e.g., shadows, specular highlights, Helmholtz reciprocity, uniform BRDF), the unknown height of each isocontour can be estimated and the metric structure is resolved. We validate this technique on real and synthetic data by successfully recovering the isocontours of the depth map from images.", "proceedingsTitle": "Computer Vision, 2007. ICCV 2007. IEEE 11th International Conference on", "conferenceName": "Computer Vision, 2007. ICCV 2007. IEEE 11th International Conference on", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1-8", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/ICCV.2007.4408881", "ISBN": "1550-5499", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "IEEE Xplore", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Toward Reconstructing Surfaces With Arbitrary Isotropic Reflectance", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "BRDF isotropy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "image data", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "image measurements", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "image reconstruction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "isocontour structure", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "isocontours", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "isotropic bidirectional reflectance distribution function", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "isotropic reflectance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "stereo image processing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "stratified photometric stereo approach", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "surface reconstruction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "topological information", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "topology", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "K9TWCC8Z" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-19T13:35:18Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-19T13:35:18Z" } }, { "key": "KBW4RS9Q", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2045, "name": "3D Reconstruction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/KBW4RS9Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction/items/KBW4RS9Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30165, "username": "soner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/soner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Alldrin et al.", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KBW4RS9Q", "version": 1, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Photometric stereo with non-parametric and spatially-varying reflectance", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Alldrin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Zickler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Kriegman" } ], "abstractNote": "We present a method for simultaneously recovering shape and spatially varying reflectance of a surface from photometric stereo images. The distinguishing feature of our approach is its generality; it does not rely on a specific parametric reflectance model and is therefore purely ldquodata-drivenrdquo. This is achieved by employing novel bi-variate approximations of isotropic reflectance functions. By combining this new approximation with recent developments in photometric stereo, we are able to simultaneously estimate an independent surface normal at each point, a global set of non-parametric ldquobasis materialrdquo BRDFs, and per-point material weights. Our experimental results validate the approach and demonstrate the utility of bi-variate reflectance functions for general non-parametric appearance capture.", "proceedingsTitle": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2008. CVPR 2008. IEEE Conference on", "conferenceName": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2008. CVPR 2008. IEEE Conference on", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1-8", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/CVPR.2008.4587656", "ISBN": "1063-6919", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "IEEE Xplore", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "approximation theory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bivariate approximation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "isotropic reflectance function", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nonparametric reflectance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photometric stereo images", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "spatially-varying reflectance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "stereo image processing", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "K9TWCC8Z" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-19T13:35:18Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-19T13:35:18Z" } }, { "key": "73ATIEFF", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2045, "name": "3D Reconstruction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/73ATIEFF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction/items/73ATIEFF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30165, "username": "soner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/soner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Goldman et al.", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "73ATIEFF", "version": 1, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Shape and spatially-varying BRDFs from photometric stereo", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.B.", "lastName": "Goldman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Curless" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Hertzmann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.M.", "lastName": "Seitz" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper describes a photometric stereo method designed for surfaces with spatially-varying BRDFs, including surfaces with both varying diffuse and specular properties. Our method builds on the observation that most objects are composed of a small number of fundamental materials. This approach recovers not only the shape but also material BRDFs and weight maps, yielding compelling results for a wide variety of objects. We also show examples of interactive lighting and editing operations made possible by our method.", "proceedingsTitle": "Computer Vision, 2005. ICCV 2005. Tenth IEEE International Conference on", "conferenceName": "Computer Vision, 2005. ICCV 2005. Tenth IEEE International Conference on", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "1", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "341-348 Vol. 1", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/ICCV.2005.219", "ISBN": "1550-5499", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "IEEE Xplore", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "image reconstruction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "interactive editing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "interactive lighting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photometric stereo method", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photometry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "shape BRDF", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "spatially-varying BRDF", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "stereo image processing", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "K9TWCC8Z" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-19T13:35:18Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-19T13:35:18Z" } }, { "key": "SJKK8AN4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2045, "name": "3D Reconstruction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/SJKK8AN4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction/items/SJKK8AN4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30165, "username": "soner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/soner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hertzmann and Seitz", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SJKK8AN4", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Example-based photometric stereo: shape reconstruction with general, varying BRDFs", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Hertzmann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.M.", "lastName": "Seitz" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper presents a technique for computing the geometry of objects with general reflectance properties from images. For surfaces with varying material properties, a full segmentation into different material types is also computed. It is assumed that the camera viewpoint is fixed, but the illumination varies over the input sequence. It is also assumed that one or more example objects with similar materials and known geometry are imaged under the same illumination conditions. Unlike most previous work in shape reconstruction, this technique can handle objects with arbitrary and spatially-varying BRDFs. Furthermore, the approach works for arbitrary distant and unknown lighting environments. Finally, almost no calibration is needed, making the approach exceptionally simple to apply.", "publicationTitle": "Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "volume": "27", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1254-1264", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on", "DOI": "10.1109/TPAMI.2005.158", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0162-8828", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Example-based photometric stereo", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Index Terms- Photometric stereo", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bidirectional reflectance distribution function", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "clustering materials", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "clustering materials.", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "illumination", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "image reconstruction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "image segmentation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "lighting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photometric stereo", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "reflection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "shape reconstruction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "shape-from-shading", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "specular materials", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "stereo image processing", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "K9TWCC8Z" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-19T13:35:18Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-19T13:35:18Z" } }, { "key": "JRUGETCQ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2045, "name": "3D Reconstruction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/JRUGETCQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction/items/JRUGETCQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30165, "username": "soner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/soner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Holroyd et al.", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JRUGETCQ", "version": 1, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "A photometric approach for estimating normals and tangents", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Holroyd" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jason", "lastName": "Lawrence" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Greg", "lastName": "Humphreys" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Todd", "lastName": "Zickler" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper presents a technique for acquiring the shape of real-world objects with complex isotropic and anisotropic reflectance. Our method estimates the local normal and tangent vectors at each pixel in a reference view from a sequence of images taken under varying point lighting. We show that for many real-world materials and a restricted set of light positions, the 2D slice of the BRDF obtained by fixing the local view direction is symmetric under reflections of the halfway vector across the normal-tangent and normal-binormal planes. Based on this analysis, we develop an optimization that estimates the local surface frame by identifying these planes of symmetry in the measured BRDF. As with other photometric methods, a key benefit of our approach is that the input is easy to acquire and is less sensitive to calibration errors than stereo or multi-view techniques. Unlike prior work, our approach allows estimating the surface tangent in the case of anisotropic reflectance. We confirm the accuracy and reliability of our approach with analytic and measured data, present several normal and tangent fields acquired with our technique, and demonstrate applications to appearance editing.", "proceedingsTitle": "ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "ACM", "place": "Singapore", "date": "2008", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1-9", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1145/1457515.1409086", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1409086", "accessDate": "2009-07-19T12:32:39Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "ACM", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "anisotropic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "brdf", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "normal map", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photometric stereo", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "symmetry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "tangent map", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "K9TWCC8Z" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-19T13:35:18Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-19T13:35:18Z" } }, { "key": "D9ZDF5WA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2045, "name": "3D Reconstruction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/D9ZDF5WA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction/items/D9ZDF5WA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30165, "username": "soner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/soner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Matusik et al.", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "D9ZDF5WA", "version": 1, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Efficient isotropic BRDF measurement", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wojciech", "lastName": "Matusik" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hanspeter", "lastName": "Pfister" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew", "lastName": "Brand" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Leonard", "lastName": "McMillan" } ], "abstractNote": "In this paper we present novel reflectance measurement procedures that require fewer total measurements than standard uniform sampling approaches. First, we acquire densely sampled reflectance data for a large collection of different materials. Using these densely sampled measurements we analyze the general surface reflectance function to determine the local signal variation at each point in the function's domain. We then use wavelet analysis to derive a common basis for all of the acquired reflectance functions as well as a corresponding non-uniform sampling pattern that corresponds to all non-zero wavelet coefficients. Second, we show that the reflectance of an arbitrary material can be represented as a linear combination of the surface reflectance functions. Furthermore, our analysis provides a reduced set of sampling points that permits us to robustly estimate the coefficients of this linear combination. These procedures dramatically shorten the acquisition time for isotropic reflectance measurements. We present a detailed description and analysis of our measurement approaches and sampling strategies.", "proceedingsTitle": "Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics workshop on Rendering", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "Eurographics Association", "place": "Leuven, Belgium", "date": "2003", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "241-247", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "3-905673-03-7", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=882404.882439", "accessDate": "2009-07-19T12:26:59Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "ACM", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K9TWCC8Z" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-19T13:35:18Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-19T13:35:18Z" } }, { "key": "2T9AB7XI", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 2045, "name": "3D Reconstruction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/2045/items/2T9AB7XI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/3d_reconstruction/items/2T9AB7XI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30165, "username": "soner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/soner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Matusik et al.", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2T9AB7XI", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A data-driven reflectance model", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wojciech", "lastName": "Matusik" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hanspeter", "lastName": "Pfister" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matt", "lastName": "Brand" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Leonard", "lastName": "McMillan" } ], "abstractNote": "We present a generative model for isotropic bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs) based on acquired reflectance data. Instead of using analytical reflectance models, we represent each BRDF as a dense set of measurements. This allows us to interpolate and extrapolate in the space of acquired BRDFs to create new BRDFs. We treat each acquired BRDF as a single high-dimensional vector taken from a space of all possible BRDFs. We apply both linear (subspace) and non-linear (manifold) dimensionality reduction tools in an effort to discover a lower-dimensional representation that characterizes our measurements. We let users define perceptually meaningful parametrization directions to navigate in the reduced-dimension BRDF space. On the low-dimensional manifold, movement along these directions produces novel but valid BRDFs.", "publicationTitle": "ACM Trans. Graph.", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003", "volume": "22", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "759-769", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1145/882262.882343", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=882262.882343", "accessDate": "2009-07-19T12:52:15Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACM", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Reflectance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "brdf", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "image-based modeling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "light reflection models", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photometric measurements", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "K9TWCC8Z" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-19T13:35:18Z", "dateModified": "2009-07-19T13:35:18Z" } } ]