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All of these purposes are served by putting the information on the Web as Linked Data. Start with the \"low-hanging fruit\". Whatever else, the raw data should be made available as soon as possible. Preferably, it should be put up as Linked Data. As a third priority, it should be linked to other sources. As a lower priority, nice user interfaces should be made to it -- if interested communities outside government have not already done it. The Linked Data technology, unlike any other technology, allows any data communication to be composed of many mixed vocabularies. Each vocabulary is from a community, be it international, national, state or local; or specific to an industry sector. This optimizes the usual trade-off between the expense and difficulty of getting wide agreement, and the practicality of working in a smaller community. Effort toward interoperability can be spent where most needed, making the evolution with time smoother and more productive.", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "2009-6", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/GovData.html", "accessDate": "2010-05-19T14:16:37Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-06-15T11:38:25Z", "dateModified": "2010-06-15T11:38:25Z" } }, { "key": "7XMCH98F", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20243, "name": "Opengov", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/opengov", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20243/items/7XMCH98F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/opengov/items/7XMCH98F", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20243/items/9T7CIVBT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 88187, "username": "timdavies", "name": "Tim Davies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/timdavies", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "7XMCH98F", "version": 1, "parentItem": "9T7CIVBT", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2010-04-16T12:00:33Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0596804350", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-06-15T11:38:13Z", "dateModified": "2010-06-15T11:38:13Z" } }, { "key": "9T7CIVBT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20243, "name": "Opengov", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/opengov", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20243/items/9T7CIVBT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/opengov/items/9T7CIVBT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 88187, "username": "timdavies", "name": "Tim Davies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/timdavies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lathrop and Ruma", "parsedDate": "2010-02-16", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9T7CIVBT", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Open Government: Collaboration, Transparency, and Participation in Practice", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel", "lastName": "Lathrop" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Laurel", "lastName": "Ruma" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1", "date": "2010-02-16", "publisher": "O'Reilly Media", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "0596804350", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Open Government", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-06-15T11:38:13Z", "dateModified": "2010-06-15T11:38:13Z" } }, { "key": "RBFCZ9GD", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20243, "name": "Opengov", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/opengov", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20243/items/RBFCZ9GD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/opengov/items/RBFCZ9GD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 88187, "username": "timdavies", "name": "Tim Davies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/timdavies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tennison and Sheridan", "parsedDate": "2010-04-27", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RBFCZ9GD", "version": 1, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Linking UK Government Data", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeni", "lastName": "Tennison" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Sheridan" } ], "abstractNote": "What does it take to create a web of linked government data? With the launch of data.gov.uk the UK Government has been finding out. This paper sets out the case for using Linked Data standards for publishing open government data and describes some of the benefits. It explains how Linked Data standards uniquely allow governments to publish data responsibly and why responsible data publishing is so important to the open government data movement. The paper goes on to explain how the Linked Data world was not quite ready for the large-scale adoption of these standards by a major government, leaving much to be done to develop practical approaches and patterns for the publishing of government data. From URIs, to provenance and versioning, through to statistics and geographic information, much thinking and work has been done. In each case the emphasis has been, not on research, but designing simple repeatable patterns, supported through tools. This work has also involved and building understanding and capability amongst officials from across government departments and agencies.\nIt explains why the government's use of linked data standards was not universally welcomed and was even greeted by antagonism from some. Learning from this feedback the paper describes how we are now using linked data standards to enable government as a platform, commoditising the process of creating APIs to meet the needs of a wide range of data consumers, from business, academia and the developer communities.", "proceedingsTitle": "", "conferenceName": "Linked Data on the Web (LDOW2010)", "publisher": "", "place": "WWW2010, Raleigh, North Carolina", "date": "2010-04-27", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://events.linkeddata.org/ldow2010/", "accessDate": "2010-05-19T15:22:38Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-06-15T11:37:10Z", "dateModified": "2010-06-15T11:37:10Z" } }, { "key": "G5UU4SKT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20243, "name": "Opengov", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/opengov", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20243/items/G5UU4SKT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/opengov/items/G5UU4SKT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 88187, "username": "timdavies", "name": "Tim Davies", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/timdavies", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Alani et al.", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "G5UU4SKT", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Unlocking the potential of public sector information with semantic web technology", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Alani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Dupplaw" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Sheridan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "O Hara" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Darlington" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Shadbolt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Tullo" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Lecture Notes in Computer Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "4825", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "708", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-06-15T11:37:06Z", "dateModified": "2010-06-15T11:37:06Z" } }, { "key": "7H9TSFU4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20243, "name": "Opengov", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/opengov", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20243/items/7H9TSFU4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/opengov/items/7H9TSFU4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 7335, "username": "tprug", "name": "Toni Prug", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tprug", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Smith", "parsedDate": "2010-04-27", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7H9TSFU4", "version": 1, "itemType": "document", "title": "Government Online", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Aaron", "lastName": "Smith" } ], "abstractNote": "Government agencies have begun to open up their data to the public, and a surprisingly large number of citizens are showing interest. Some 40% of adult internet users have gone online for raw data about government spending and activities. This includes anyone who has done at least one of the following: look online to see how federal stimulus money is being spent (23% of internet users have done this); read or download the text of legislation (22%); visit a site such as data.gov that provides access to government data (16%); or look online to see who is contributing to the campaigns of their elected officials (14%).", "type": "", "date": "27 April 2010", "publisher": "Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Government-Online.aspx", "accessDate": "2010-06-15T10:30:23Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-06-15T10:32:23Z", "dateModified": "2010-06-15T10:32:23Z" } }, { "key": "93NT6AM8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20243, "name": "Opengov", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/opengov", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20243/items/93NT6AM8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/opengov/items/93NT6AM8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 7335, "username": "tprug", "name": "Toni Prug", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tprug", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Davies and Lithwick", "parsedDate": "2010-04-15", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "93NT6AM8", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Government 2.0 and Access to Information: 1. Recent Developments in Proactive Disclosure and Open Data in Canada (2010-14E)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alysia", "lastName": "Davies" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dara", "lastName": "Lithwick" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "2010-14E", "reportType": "", "institution": "Legal and Legislative Affairs Division, Parliamentary Information and Research, Service Library of Parliament, Canada", "place": "", "date": "15 April 2010", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/2010-14-e.htm", "accessDate": "2010-06-15T10:25:53Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-06-15T10:28:19Z", "dateModified": "2010-06-15T10:28:19Z" } }, { "key": "AT8DDMI9", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20243, "name": "Opengov", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/opengov", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/20243/items/AT8DDMI9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/opengov/items/AT8DDMI9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 7335, "username": "tprug", "name": "Toni Prug", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tprug", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dekkers et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AT8DDMI9", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Measuring European Public Sector\nInformation Resources: Final Report of Study on Exploitation of public sector information – benchmarking of EU framework conditions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Makx", "lastName": "Dekkers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Femke", "lastName": "Polman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robbin", "lastName": "te Velde" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marc", "lastName": "de Vries" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/psi/actions_eu/policy_actions/mepsir/index_en.htm", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-06-15T10:21:13Z", "dateModified": "2010-06-15T10:21:13Z" } }, { "key": "93MIP2JQ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 20243, "name": "Opengov", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/opengov", "type": 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Uhlir, Rapporteur; U.S. National Committee for CODATA; Board on Research Data and Information; in collaboration with the Working Party on the Information Economy Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; National Research Council", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6XJXGPN9", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Socioeconomic Effects of Public Sector Information on Digital Networks:Toward a Better Understanding of Different Access and Reuse Policies: Workshop Summary", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Paul F. 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