Best suited to faculty/instructor audience. A report on the process of assigning text encoding to a history class, learning more about the TEI, cleaning up data, and the results of that course.
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\nTheresa Habbestad
\nAs TEI standards continue to evolve, one element that is not entirely accounted for is the markup of race and the intricacies such markup would involve, despite the provision for numerous comparable elements. While this concern may not seem pressing within the context of TEI, aspects of the current academic environment call this issue into question. Most notably, concerns raised about issues of race, gender, and diversity within the Digital Humanities and the existence of digital projects focused on race relying on TEI markup bring this issue to the forefront. In this paper, I will discuss the need for the development of a methodology for marking race. I will begin by articulating the current concerns regarding race, cultural criticism, and the Digital Humanities. I will then discuss the ways in which TEI suggests the inclusion of racial mark-up. I will support this argument with a discussion of current relevant TEI tags (i.e. , , and ) along with the ways in which Critical Race Studies factors into this argument. I will go on to discuss projects that have incorporated racial markup, including work on 19th century African-American newspapers and American Civil Rights era texts as well as my own work on Seeta, a nineteenth-century novel, set in India, by Philip Meadows Taylor. I will discuss the reason for racial markup in each of these projects and the ways in which each accounts for race. Given the nature of this topic, I do not presume to offer a definitive answer for how TEI should address issues of race. Rather, I plan to contribute to an ongoing discussion of ways in which TEI can address this concern among users.
\nWorking Bibliography
\nGailey, Amanda. “A Case for Heavy Editing: The Example of Race and Children’s Literature in the Gilded Age.” The American Literature Scholar in the Digital Age. Ed. Amy E. Earhart and Andrew Jewell. Ann Arbor: U. of Michigan P, 2011. 125-144.
\nOmi, Michael and Howard Winant. “Racial Formation.” Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s. New York: Routledge, 1994. 53-77.
\nOutlaw, Lucius. “Toward a Critical Theory of ‘Race’.” Race and Racism. Boxill, Bernard ed. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2001. 58-82.
\nSpurr, David. The Rhetoric of Empire: Colonial Discourse in Journalism, Travel Writing, and Imperial Administration. Durham: Duke UP, 1996.
\nTodorov, Tzvetan. “Race.” On Human Diversity: Nationalism, Racism, and Exoticism in French Thought. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1998
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The first half ofthis paper discusses the mechanics of ebookproduction at the Etext Center, the limits ofthe current technology, and the conversionworkflow we hope to implement in the future.The second half discusses user response to ourebook collection, classroom applications ofebook technology, and the advantages anddisadvantages that different formats offer toscholars and instructors in the humanities.", "publicationTitle": "Computers and the Humanities", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003/02/01", "volume": "37", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "57-63", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Computers and the Humanities", "DOI": "10.1023/A:1021895322291", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1021895322291", "accessDate": "2013-08-23T13:17:38Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0010-4817, 1572-8412", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Beyond the Web", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Computational Linguistics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Computer Science, general", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Languages and Literature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Linguistics (general)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Microsoft Reader", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PDA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TEI", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "XML", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "collections", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ebooks", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "library", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "EI5EGCVR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-15T22:41:20Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-15T22:41:20Z" } }, { "key": "HD58BA24", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 200673, "name": "Teaching With TEI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/teaching_with_tei", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/200673/items/HD58BA24", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/teaching_with_tei/items/HD58BA24", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/200673/items/HCCCDJA3", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1403106, "username": "ecbmurphy", "name": "Emily Murphy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ecbmurphy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HD58BA24", "version": 5, "parentItem": "HCCCDJA3", "itemType": "note", "note": "Chapter 17: Renear, Allen H. \"Text Encoding.\"
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-15T22:41:20Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-15T22:41:20Z" } }, { "key": "VERJUHDM", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 200673, "name": "Teaching With TEI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/teaching_with_tei", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/200673/items/VERJUHDM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/teaching_with_tei/items/VERJUHDM", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/200673/items/SXNW945C", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1403106, "username": "ecbmurphy", "name": "Emily Murphy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ecbmurphy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VERJUHDM", "version": 5, "parentItem": "SXNW945C", "itemType": "note", "note": "Resource best suited for teachers hoping to use TEI as a close-reading tool.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-15T22:41:20Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-15T22:41:20Z" } }, { "key": "F32ZKHEI", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 200673, "name": "Teaching With TEI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/teaching_with_tei", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/200673/items/F32ZKHEI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/teaching_with_tei/items/F32ZKHEI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1403106, "username": "ecbmurphy", "name": "Emily Murphy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ecbmurphy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "F32ZKHEI", "version": 5, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "What is XML and why should humanities scholars care?", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://clover.slavic.pitt.edu/humcomp/what-is-xml.php", "accessDate": "2013-08-23T19:06:38Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "NGIFURW7" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-15T22:41:20Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-15T22:41:20Z" } }, { "key": "BSV58KAB", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 200673, "name": "Teaching With TEI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/teaching_with_tei", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/200673/items/BSV58KAB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/teaching_with_tei/items/BSV58KAB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1403106, "username": "ecbmurphy", "name": "Emily Murphy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ecbmurphy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "BSV58KAB", "version": 5, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Getting started using TEI: What is TEI?", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://tei.oucs.ox.ac.uk/GettingStarted/html/in.html", "accessDate": "2013-08-23T15:19:07Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "general introduction" } ], "collections": [ "NGIFURW7" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-15T22:41:20Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-15T22:41:20Z" } }, { "key": "QQDN4353", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 200673, "name": "Teaching With TEI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/teaching_with_tei", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/200673/items/QQDN4353", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/teaching_with_tei/items/QQDN4353", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1403106, "username": "ecbmurphy", "name": "Emily Murphy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ecbmurphy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Habbestad", "parsedDate": "2012-11-07", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "QQDN4353", "version": 5, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "TEI and the C{r}{l}O{w}{u}D: Text Encoding Initiative Conference 2012, November 7-10, 2012", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Theresa", "lastName": "Habbestad" } ], "abstractNote": "Ambiguous Terms: Race and TEI Markup\n\nTheresa Habbestad\n\nAs TEI standards continue to evolve, one element that is not entirely accounted for is the markup of race and the intricacies such markup would involve, despite the provision for numerous comparable elements. While this concern may not seem pressing within the context of TEI, aspects of the current academic environment call this issue into question. Most notably, concerns raised about issues of race, gender, and diversity within the Digital Humanities and the existence of digital projects focused on race relying on TEI markup bring this issue to the forefront. In this paper, I will discuss the need for the development of a methodology for marking race. I will begin by articulating the current concerns regarding race, cultural criticism, and the Digital Humanities. I will then discuss the ways in which TEI suggests the inclusion of racial mark-up. I will support this argument with a discussion of current relevant TEI tags (i.e. , , and ) along with the ways in which Critical Race Studies factors into this argument. I will go on to discuss projects that have incorporated racial markup, including work on 19th century African-American newspapers and American Civil Rights era texts as well as my own work on Seeta, a nineteenth-century novel, set in India, by Philip Meadows Taylor. I will discuss the reason for racial markup in each of these projects and the ways in which each accounts for race. Given the nature of this topic, I do not presume to offer a definitive answer for how TEI should address issues of race. Rather, I plan to contribute to an ongoing discussion of ways in which TEI can address this concern among users.\n\nWorking Bibliography\n\nGailey, Amanda. “A Case for Heavy Editing: The Example of Race and Children’s Literature in the Gilded Age.” The American Literature Scholar in the Digital Age. Ed. Amy E. Earhart and Andrew Jewell. Ann Arbor: U. of Michigan P, 2011. 125-144.\n\nOmi, Michael and Howard Winant. “Racial Formation.” Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s. New York: Routledge, 1994. 53-77.\n\nOutlaw, Lucius. “Toward a Critical Theory of ‘Race’.” Race and Racism. Boxill, Bernard ed. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2001. 58-82.\n\nSpurr, David. The Rhetoric of Empire: Colonial Discourse in Journalism, Travel Writing, and Imperial Administration. Durham: Duke UP, 1996.\n\nTodorov, Tzvetan. “Race.” On Human Diversity: Nationalism, Racism, and Exoticism in French Thought. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1998", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "2012-11-07", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://idhmc.tamu.edu/teiconference/program/papers/", "accessDate": "2013-08-23T19:19:37Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "FIF2ZW4J" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-15T22:41:20Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-15T22:41:20Z" } }, { "key": "I95CIIUH", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 200673, "name": "Teaching With TEI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/teaching_with_tei", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/200673/items/I95CIIUH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/teaching_with_tei/items/I95CIIUH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1403106, "username": "ecbmurphy", "name": "Emily Murphy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ecbmurphy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gold", "parsedDate": "2012-01-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "I95CIIUH", "version": 5, "itemType": "book", "title": "Debates in the Digital Humanities", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew K.", "lastName": "Gold" } ], "abstractNote": "Encompassing new technologies, research methods, and opportunities for collaborative scholarship and open-source peer review, as well as innovative ways of sharing knowledge and teaching, the digital humanities promises to transform the liberal arts—and perhaps the university itself. Indeed, at a time when many academic institutions are facing austerity budgets, digital humanities programs have been able to hire new faculty, establish new centers and initiatives, and attract multimillion-dollar grants. Clearly the digital humanities has reached a significant moment in its brief history. But what sort of moment is it?Debates in the Digital Humanitiesbrings together leading figures in the field to explore its theories, methods, and practices and to clarify its multiple possibilities and tensions. From defining what a digital humanist is and determining whether the field has (or needs) theoretical grounding, to discussions of coding as scholarship and trends in data-driven research, this cutting-edge volume delineates the current state of the digital humanities and envisions potential futures and challenges. At the same time, several essays aim pointed critiques at the field for its lack of attention to race, gender, class, and sexuality; the inadequate level of diversity among its practitioners; its absence of political commitment; and its preference for research over teaching. Together, the essays inDebates in the Digital Humanities—which will be published both as a printed book and later as an ongoing, open-access website—suggest that the digital humanities is uniquely positioned to contribute to the revival of the humanities and academic life. Contributors: Bryan Alexander, National Institute for Technology in Liberal Education; Rafael Alvarado, U of Virginia; Jamie “Skye” Bianco, U of Pittsburgh; Ian Bogost, Georgia Institute of Technology; Stephen Brier, CUNY Graduate Center; Daniel J. Cohen, George Mason U; Cathy N. Davidson, Duke U; Rebecca Frost Davis, National Institute for Technology in Liberal Education; Johanna Drucker, U of California, Los Angeles; Amy E. Earhart, Texas A&M U; Charlie Edwards; Kathleen Fitzpatrick, Pomona College; Julia Flanders, Brown U; Neil Fraistat, U of Maryland; Paul Fyfe, Florida State U; Michael Gavin, Rice U; David Greetham, CUNY Graduate Center; Jim Groom, U of Mary Washington; Gary Hall, Coventry U, UK; Mills Kelly, George Mason U; Matthew Kirschenbaum, U of Maryland; Alan Liu, U of California, Santa Barbara; Elizabeth Losh, U of California, San Diego; Lev Manovich, U of California, San Diego; Willard McCarty, King’s College London; Tara McPherson, U of Southern California; Bethany Nowviskie, U of Virginia; Trevor Owens, Library of Congress; William Pannapacker, Hope College; Dave Parry, U of Texas at Dallas; Stephen Ramsay, U of Nebraska, Lincoln; Alexander Reid, SUNY at Buffalo; Geoffrey Rockwell, Canadian Institute for Research Computing in the Arts; Mark L. Sample, George Mason U; Tom Scheinfeldt, George Mason U; Kathleen Marie Smith; Lisa Spiro, National Institute for Technology in Liberal Education; Patrik Svensson, Umeå U; Luke Waltzer, Baruch College; Matthew Wilkens, U of Notre Dame; George H. Williams, U of South Carolina Upstate; Michael Witmore, Folger Shakespeare Library.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2012-01-01", "publisher": "U of Minnesota Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "534", "ISBN": "9780816677948", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Education / Educational Policy & Reform / General", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Education / Higher", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "FIF2ZW4J" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-15T22:41:20Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-15T22:41:20Z" } } ]