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            "key": "QFV4FFWM",
            "version": 494,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Field validation of food service listings: a comparison of commercial and online geographic information system databases",
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Laura",
                    "lastName": "Seliske"
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                    "firstName": "William",
                    "lastName": "Pickett"
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                    "firstName": "Rebecca",
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                    "firstName": "Ian",
                    "lastName": "Janssen"
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            "abstractNote": "Many studies examining the food retail environment rely on geographic information system (GIS) databases for location information. The purpose of this study was to validate information provided by two GIS databases, comparing the positional accuracy of food service places within a 1 km circular buffer surrounding 34 schools in Ontario, Canada. A commercial database (InfoCanada) and an online database (Yellow Pages) provided the addresses of food service places. Actual locations were measured using a global positioning system (GPS) device. The InfoCanada and Yellow Pages GIS databases provided the locations for 973 and 675 food service places, respectively. Overall, 749 (77.1%) and 595 (88.2%) of these were located in the field. The online database had a higher proportion of food service places found in the field. The GIS locations of 25% of the food service places were located within approximately 15 m of their actual location, 50% were within 25 m, and 75% were within 50 m. This validation study provided a detailed assessment of errors in the measurement of the location of food service places in the two databases. The location information was more accurate for the online database, however, when matching criteria were more conservative, there were no observed differences in error between the databases.",
            "publicationTitle": "International journal of environmental research and public health",
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            "date": "Aug 2012",
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            "pages": "2601-2607",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Int J Environ Res Public Health",
            "DOI": "10.3390/ijerph9082601",
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            "shortTitle": "Field validation of food service listings",
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            "title": "Infant feeding and the development of food allergies and atopic eczema: An update",
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                    "firstName": "Sarah E",
                    "lastName": "Gamboni"
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                    "firstName": "Katrina J",
                    "lastName": "Allen"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Rosemary L",
                    "lastName": "Nixon"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "There is an increasing awareness of food allergies in the community. Dermatologists frequently see patients with atopic eczema, where parents are extremely concerned about the role of food allergy. Advice given to parents regarding the timing of introduction of solid foods has changed markedly over the past decade. Whereas previous advice advocated delaying the introduction of solid foods until the infant's gastrointestinal system had matured, recent studies suggest that the introduction of solids from around 4 to 6 months may actually prevent the development of allergies. Studies on maternal dietary restrictions during pregnancy and lactation have led researchers to believe that antigen avoidance does not play a significant role in the prevention of atopic disease. Breastfeeding exclusively for 4 to 6 months has multiple benefits for mother and child, however, it does not convincingly prevent food allergies or decrease atopic eczema. New evidence suggests that the use of hydrolysed formulas does not delay or prevent atopic eczema or food allergy. This article aims to highlight current evidence and provide an update for dermatologists on the role of food exposure in the development of atopic disease, namely atopic eczema.",
            "publicationTitle": "The Australasian journal of dermatology",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Oct 22, 2012",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Australas. J. Dermatol.",
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            "shortTitle": "Infant feeding and the development of food allergies and atopic eczema",
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            "creatorSummary": "Kaushik et al.",
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            "key": "TXT9ZBK6",
            "version": 494,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Comparison of Quercetin Pharmacokinetics Following Oral Supplementation in Humans",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Diksha",
                    "lastName": "Kaushik"
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Kevin",
                    "lastName": "O'Fallon"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Priscilla M",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "C",
                    "lastName": "Patrick Dunne"
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Karen R",
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                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Bozena",
                    "lastName": "Michniak-Kohn"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "The objective of the study was to investigate the absorption of quercetin aglycone in 18 healthy human subjects administered via the following oral carrier systems: suspension of quercetin (quercetin QU995 powder in Tang(®) and spring water), nutritional bars (First Strike™), and chews (RealFX™ Q-Plus™). Subjects were divided into 3 groups of 6 individuals each receiving 500 mg quercetin in one of the aforementioned formulations. Blood levels were monitored immediately pre- and for 32 h postadministration. The concentration of total quercetin in blood samples was determined by solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental modeling using Kinetica software. The C(max) of quercetin was highest with RealFX™ Q-Plus™ Chews (1051.9 ± 393.1 μg/L) achieved within 3.3 h as compared to that for First Strike™ Bars (698.1 ± 189.5 μg/L in 2.3 h) and Tang(®) suspension (354.4 ± 87.6 μg/L in 4.7 h). The results showed no statistically significant difference in quercetin absorption among groups due to high variability within groups receiving quercetin from same dosage form. This study represents the first comprehensive evaluation of quercetin absorption from quercetin fortified oral food products at doses commonly used for quercetin supplementation. Practical Application:  The current study describes for the first time, comprehensive evaluation of quercetin PK in humans from quercetin fortified oral food products at doses commonly used for quercetin supplementation. Owing to quercetin's potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, quercetin is widely being used as a nutritional supplement. In order to maximize the bioavailability of quercetin for its use in efficacy studies, it is important to determine its ideal oral carrier system and route for its delivery. The current research unveils vital information about quercetin supplementation to the international community, especially to soldiers, athletes, and the dietary supplement industry.",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of food science",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Nov 2012",
            "volume": "77",
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            "pages": "H231-H238",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "J. Food Sci.",
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            "creatorSummary": "Upadhyay and Palanivel",
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        "data": {
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            "version": 494,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Challenges in achieving food security in India",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "R Prakash",
                    "lastName": "Upadhyay"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "C",
                    "lastName": "Palanivel"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "First Millennium Development Goal states the target of \"Halving hunger by 2015\". Sadly, the recent statistics for India present a very gloomy picture. India currently has the largest number of undernourished people in the world and this is in spite of the fact that it has made substantial progress in health determinants over the past decades and ranks second worldwide in farm output. The causes of existing food insecurity can be better viewed under three concepts namely the: 'traditional concept' which includes factors such as unavailability of food and poor purchasing capacity; 'socio-demographic concept' which includes illiteracy, unemployment, overcrowding, poor environmental conditions and gender bias; 'politico-developmental concept' comprising of factors such as lack of intersectoral coordination and political will, poorly monitored nutritional programmes and inadequate public food distribution system. If the Millennium Development Goal is to be achieved by 2015, efforts to improve food and nutrition security have to increase considerably. Priority has to be assigned to agriculture and rural development along with promoting women empowerment, ensuring sustainable employment and improving environmental conditions (water, sanitation and hygiene). As the problem is multi-factorial, so the solution needs to be multi-sectoral.",
            "publicationTitle": "Iranian journal of public health",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Dec 2011",
            "volume": "40",
            "issue": "4",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "31-36",
            "series": "",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Iran. J. Public Health",
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            "PMID": "23113100",
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            "ISSN": "2251-6085",
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    {
        "key": "T46Z2FSZ",
        "version": 494,
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                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Vinod and Heuer",
            "parsedDate": "2012",
            "numChildren": 1
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "T46Z2FSZ",
            "version": 494,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Approaches towards nitrogen- and phosphorus-efficient rice",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "K K",
                    "lastName": "Vinod"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Sigrid",
                    "lastName": "Heuer"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND AND AIMS\n\nFood production has to increase to meet the demand of a growing population. In light of the high energy costs and increasingly scarce resources, future agricultural systems have to be more productive and more efficient in terms of inputs such as fertilizer and water. The development of rice varieties with high yield under low-nutrient conditions has therefore become a breeding priority. The rapid progress made in sequencing and molecular-marker technology is now beginning to change the way breeding is done, providing new opportunities.\n\n\nSCOPE\n\nNitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied to agricultural systems in large quantities and a deficiency of either nutrient leads to yield losses and triggers complex molecular and physiological responses. The underlying genes are now being identified and studied in detail, and an increasing number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to N and P uptake and utilization are being reported. Here, we provide an overview of the different aspects related to N and P in rice production systems, and apply a breeder's perspective on the potential of relevant genes and pathways for breeding applications.\n\n\nMAIN POINTS\n\nFor the development of nutrient-efficient rice, a holistic approach should be followed combining optimized fertilizer management with enhanced nutrient uptake via a vigorous root system, leading to increased grain filling and yield. Despite an increasing number of N- and P-related genes and QTLs being reported, very few are actively used in molecular breeding programmes. The complex regulation of N- and P-related pathways challenges breeders and the research community to identify large-effect genes/QTLs. For this it will be important to focus more on the analysis of tolerant genotypes rather than model plants, since tolerance pathways may employ a different set of genes.",
            "publicationTitle": "AoB plants",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2012",
            "volume": "2012",
            "issue": "",
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            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "pls028",
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            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "AoB Plants",
            "DOI": "10.1093/aobpla/pls028",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "PMID": "23115710",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "2041-2851",
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            "dateAdded": "2012-11-26T20:04:06Z",
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            "creatorSummary": "Makaula et al.",
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Primary health care in rural Malawi - a qualitative assessment exploring the relevance of the community-directed interventions approach",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Peter",
                    "lastName": "Makaula"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Paul",
                    "lastName": "Bloch"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Hastings M",
                    "lastName": "Banda"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Grace",
                    "lastName": "Bongololo Mbera"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Charles",
                    "lastName": "Mangani"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Alexandra",
                    "lastName": "de Sousa"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Edwin",
                    "lastName": "Nkhono"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Samuel",
                    "lastName": "Jemu"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Adamson S",
                    "lastName": "Muula"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Primary Health Care (PHC) is a strategy endorsed for attaining equitable access to basic health care including treatment and prevention of endemic diseases. Forty years later, its implementation remains sub-optimal in most Sub-Saharan African countries that access to health interventions is still a major challenge for a large proportion of the rural population. Community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTi) and community-directed interventions (CDI) are participatory approaches to strengthen health care at community level. Both approaches are based on values and principles associated with PHC. The CDI approach has successfully been used to improve the delivery of interventions in areas that have previously used CDTi. However, little is known about the added value of community participation in areas without prior experience with CDTi. This study aimed at assessing PHC in two rural Malawian districts without CDTi experience with a view to explore the relevance of the CDI approach. We examined health service providers' and beneficiaries' perceptions on existing PHC practices, and their perspectives on official priorities and strategies to strengthen PHC. METHODS: We conducted 27 key informant interviews with health officials and partners at national, district and health centre levels; 32 focus group discussions with community members and in-depth interviews with 32 community members and 32 community leaders. Additionally, official PHC related documents were reviewed. RESULTS: The findings show that there is a functional PHC system in place in the two study districts, though its implementation is faced with various challenges related to accessibility of services and shortage of resources. Health service providers and consumers shared perceptions on the importance of intensifying community participation to strengthen PHC, particularly within the areas of provision of insecticide treated bed nets, home case management for malaria, management of diarrhoeal diseases, treatment of schistosomiasis and provision of food supplements against malnutrition. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that intensified community participation based on the CDI approach can be considered as a realistic means to increase accessibility of certain vital interventions at community level.",
            "publicationTitle": "BMC health services research",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Sep 20, 2012",
            "volume": "12",
            "issue": "1",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "328",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "BMC Health Serv Res",
            "DOI": "10.1186/1472-6963-12-328",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "PMID": "22995125",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1472-6963",
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            "shortTitle": "",
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            "creatorSummary": "Pearman et al.",
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            "version": 494,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Evaluation of Treatment- and Disease-Related Symptoms in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: Validation of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network-Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck Cancer Symptom Index-22 (NFHNSI-22)",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Timothy P",
                    "lastName": "Pearman"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jennifer L",
                    "lastName": "Beaumont"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Diane",
                    "lastName": "Paul"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Amy P",
                    "lastName": "Abernethy"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Paul B",
                    "lastName": "Jacobsen"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Karen L",
                    "lastName": "Syrjala"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jamie",
                    "lastName": "Von Roenn"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "David",
                    "lastName": "Cella"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "CONTEXT: The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck is a well-validated assessment of quality of life used with patients diagnosed with head and neck cancers (HCNs). The present study is an attempt to evaluate and modify this instrument as necessary in light of the recent regulatory guidelines from the Food and Drug Administration on the use of patient-reported outcomes in clinical trials. OBJECTIVES: Overall, the goal was to identify patients' highest priority cancer symptoms, compare these symptoms with those suggested by oncology experts, and construct a brief symptom index to assess these symptoms and categorize them as treatment-related, disease-related, or related to general function and well-being. METHODS: Patients (N=49) with advanced (Stages III and IV) HCNs were recruited from participating National Comprehensive Cancer Network institutions and community cancer support organizations in the Chicago area. Patients completed open-ended interviews and symptom checklists. Participating oncology physician experts also rated symptoms. Content validity was obtained by evaluating results alongside items in the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy system. Eleven oncologists categorized symptoms in terms of importance and also whether the symptoms were primarily related to disease, treatment, or functional well-being. RESULTS: HCN-related symptoms endorsed as high priority by both patients and oncology experts were selected for the new National Comprehensive Cancer Network-Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck Cancer Symptom Index-22. The final version includes 22 items, which are broken down into disease-related symptoms, treatment side effects, or general function and well-being. The new scale has acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's coefficient alpha=0.86), content validity for use in chemotherapy trials of patients with advanced disease, and concurrent validity as demonstrated by moderate-to-strong correlations with the existing Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy measure. CONCLUSION: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network-Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck Cancer Symptom Index-22 adequately reflects symptom and side effect concerns of advanced HCN patients as well as oncology physicians. This instrument can be used to evaluate the most important disease-related symptoms, treatment side effects, and function/well-being in patients with advanced HCNs in clinical practice and research.",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of pain and symptom management",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Sep 24, 2012",
            "volume": "",
            "issue": "",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "J Pain Symptom Manage",
            "DOI": "10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.06.004",
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            "accessDate": "",
            "PMID": "23017622",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1873-6513",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "Evaluation of Treatment- and Disease-Related Symptoms in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer",
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            "creatorSummary": "Willhite et al.",
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        "data": {
            "key": "KUZI8SPG",
            "version": 494,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Emergency do not consume/do not use concentrations for blended phosphates in drinking water",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Cc",
                    "lastName": "Willhite"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Gl",
                    "lastName": "Ball"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Vs",
                    "lastName": "Bhat"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "The U.S. Congress [PL 107-188] amended the Safe Drinking Water Act and required each community water system serving more than 3,000 people to conduct vulnerability assessments. These assessments address potential circumstances that could compromise the safety and reliability of municipal water. The present evaluation concerns the concentrations of the blended phosphates (also known as polyphosphates, condensed complex phosphates, polyphosphate glassy balls, and pyrophosphates) intended to aid regulatory agencies in decisions to avoid contact with affected water. Polyphosphates are direct food additives and they are used to treat municipal drinking water, but depending upon the concentration and duration of exposure these substances can induce chemical burns. Ingested polyphosphates are degraded by phosphatase enzymes to monophosphates, substances that are over-the-counter bowel purgatives. High oral doses of the monophosphates can induce transient hyperphosphatemia in older and susceptible young people, which can lead to acute phosphate nephropathy. In some patients, the condition is fatal. Based on the acute diarrhea after the ingestion of a single oral dose of monobasic (NaH(2)PO(4)) and dibasic (Na(2)HPO(4)) monophosphates in adults, a do not consume concentration of 600 mg PO(4)/L can be derived. Based on mild local irritation after topical application of 1.0% sodium metaphosphate [(NaPO(3))(6) • H(2)O] to intact skin of sensitive volunteers, a do not use concentration of 8,000 mg PO(4)/L can be assigned. Given the lack of eye irritation in rabbits after direct instillation of 0.2% (NaPO(3))(6) • H(2)O, an acute ocular contact limit of 50 mg PO(4)/L serves as the overall do not use level.",
            "publicationTitle": "Human & experimental toxicology",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Oct 11, 2012",
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            "issue": "",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Hum Exp Toxicol",
            "DOI": "10.1177/0960327112459207",
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            "PMID": "23060411",
            "PMCID": "",
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            "creatorSummary": "Sukhdeo",
            "parsedDate": "2012-10-23",
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        "data": {
            "key": "R5CSIK5X",
            "version": 494,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Where are the parasites in food webs?",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Michael Vk",
                    "lastName": "Sukhdeo"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "ABSTRACT: This review explores some of the reasons why food webs seem to contain relatively few parasite species when compared to the full diversity of free living species in the system. At present, there are few coherent food web theories to guide scientific studies on parasites, and this review posits that the methods, directions and questions in the field of food web ecology are not always congruent with parasitological inquiry. For example, topological analysis (the primary tool in food web studies) focuses on only one of six important steps in trematode life cycles, each of which requires a stable community dynamic to evolve. In addition, these transmission strategies may also utilize pathways within the food web that are not considered in traditional food web investigations. It is asserted that more effort must be focused on parasite-centric models, and a central theme is that many different approaches will be required. One promising approach is the old energetic perspective, which considers energy as the critical resource for all organisms, and the currency of all food web interactions. From the parasitological point of view, energy can be used to characterize the roles of parasites at all levels in the food web, from individuals to populations to community. The literature on parasite energetics in food webs is very sparse, but the evidence suggests that parasite species richness is low in food webs because parasites are limited by the quantity of energy available to their unique lifestyles.",
            "publicationTitle": "Parasites & vectors",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Oct 23, 2012",
            "volume": "5",
            "issue": "1",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "239",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Parasit Vectors",
            "DOI": "10.1186/1756-3305-5-239",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "PMID": "23092160",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1756-3305",
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            "shortTitle": "",
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            "dateAdded": "2012-11-26T20:04:06Z",
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    {
        "key": "Z6PT9V4K",
        "version": 494,
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Al-Naggar et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2012",
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        },
        "data": {
            "key": "Z6PT9V4K",
            "version": 494,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Knowledge and Perceptions of Cancer and Cancer Prevention among Malaysian Traditional Healers: a Qualitative Study",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Redhwan A",
                    "lastName": "Al-Naggar"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Yuri V",
                    "lastName": "Bobryshev"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Mahfoudh Al-Musali Mohammed",
                    "lastName": "Abdulghani"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Subramanian",
                    "lastName": "Rammohan"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Karim",
                    "lastName": "Al-Jashamy"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge and perceptions of Malaysian tradition healers towards cancer and cancer prevention. Methodology: A total of 25 participants agreed to participate in this qualitative study during the period from 20th July 2011 until 24th of September 2011. The proposal of this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Management and Science University (MSU). Once the participant agreed to be interviewed, date, time and place of the interviews were determined. Consent form was obtained from participants before the interview began. Participants were briefed about the study and its purpose, and after asking their permissions, their replies were recorded. The data was organized into themes and analyzed manually. Results: Twenty-five Malaysian traditional healers participated in this qualitative study. The age of participants ranged between 26 to 78 years old. The majority were in the age group of 31-60 years old, male, Chinese, degree holders with a monthly income ranging from 1,000-5,000 Ringgit Malaysia (RM) and were married (56%, 80%, 48%, 52%, 68%, 84% respectively). The majority defined cancer as having high cholesterol or abscess accumulation. A few of them defined cancer as a type of cell growth. The majority mentioned that food and unhealthy lifestyles are the primary causes of cancer. Surprisingly some of them mentioned that cancer is caused by interference by ghosts. Regarding the diagnosis of cancer, the majority mentioned that they refer their patients to modern physicians' medical report when it comes to diagnosing or treating patients with cancer. The most common cancers that many patients came to seek treatment were breast cancers, followed by colon cancers, liver and lung cancers. Conclusion: Despite good knowledgeabout the causes of cancer among traditional healers, misconceptions still exist. Insufficient knowledge about the definition of cancer was noted among the traditional healers. This urges immediate action by the Ministry of Health of Malaysia to set up a strict regulation and regular monitoring of the traditional healers nationally. Traditional and Complementary Medicine may be integrated into the healthcare system and need to have sustained cooperation for the benefit of patients since about 80% of patients use traditional medicines.",
            "publicationTitle": "Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2012",
            "volume": "13",
            "issue": "8",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "3841-3850",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev.",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "PMID": "23098481",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1513-7368",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "Knowledge and Perceptions of Cancer and Cancer Prevention among Malaysian Traditional Healers",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed",
            "callNumber": "",
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            "extra": "",
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            "dateAdded": "2012-11-26T20:04:06Z",
            "dateModified": "2012-11-26T20:04:06Z"
        }
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Vangeepuram et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2012-11",
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        "data": {
            "key": "ITIWFSF7",
            "version": 493,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Dietary and physical activity behaviors of new york city children from different ethnic minority subgroups",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Nita",
                    "lastName": "Vangeepuram"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Nancy",
                    "lastName": "Mervish"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Maida P",
                    "lastName": "Galvez"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Barbara",
                    "lastName": "Brenner"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Mary S",
                    "lastName": "Wolff"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE\n\nTo examine racial/ethnic differences in diet and physical activity behaviors in ethnic minority New York City children.\n\n\nMETHODS\n\nCross-sectional data from a community-based study of 486 6- to 8-year-old children were used. Race/ethnicity was derived using a caregiver's report of child's race and Hispanic ancestry. Dietary intake was obtained by 24-hour diet recalls using the Nutrition Data System for Research. Physical activity was assessed with pedometers and caregiver interviews. We compared diet and activity measures across racial/ethnic subgroups using chi-square and analysis of variance tests. Multivariate analyses adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and caregiver education (with breastfeeding history and total energy intake included in diet models).\n\n\nRESULTS\n\nParticipants (N = 486) were categorized as Mexican (29.4%), Dominican (8.4%), Puerto Rican (20.6%), other/mixed Hispanic (14.0%), or non-Hispanic black (27.6%). Obesity rates were lower in non-Hispanic blacks (18%) than in Hispanics (31%). Mexicans had the lowest obesity rates among Hispanic subgroups (25%), and Dominicans had the highest (39%). There were differences in mean daily servings of food groups, with Mexicans having healthier diets and Puerto Ricans and non-Hispanic Blacks having less healthy diets. Sedentary time was lower in Mexicans than in other groups in adjusted models. Examination of additional models, including home language, did not show significant differences in the estimates.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\n\nDiet and activity behaviors varied across racial/ethnic subgroups. Specifically, Mexican children had healthier diets, the least amount of sedentary time, and the lowest rates of obesity among the Hispanic subgroups examined. Targeted interventions in ethnic subgroups may be warranted to address specific behaviors.",
            "publicationTitle": "Academic pediatrics",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Nov 2012",
            "volume": "12",
            "issue": "6",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "481-488",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Acad Pediatr",
            "DOI": "10.1016/j.acap.2012.06.014",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "",
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            "title": "Movers and shakers: Influence of bacteriophages in shaping the mammalian gut microbiota",
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            "abstractNote": "The human intestinal microbiota is one of the most densely populated ecosystems on earth, containing up to 10 ( 13) bacteria/g and in so some respects can be considered an organ itself given its role in human health. Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant replicating entities on the planet and thrive wherever their bacterial hosts exist. They undoubtedly influence the dominant microbial populations in many ecosystems including the human intestine. Within this setting lysogeny appears to be the preferred life cycle, presumably due to nutrient limitations and lack of suitable hosts protected in biofilms, hence the predator/prey dynamic observed in many ecosystems is absent. On the other hand, free lytic phages in the gut are more common among sufferers of intestinal diseases and have been shown to increase with antibiotic usage. Many of these phages evolve from prophages of intestinal bacteria and emerge under conditions where their bacterial hosts encounter stress suggesting that prophages can significantly alter the microbial community composition. Based on these observations we propose the \"community shuffling\" model which hypothesizes that prophage induction contributes to intestinal dysbiosis by altering the ratio of symbionts to pathobionts, enabling pathobiont niche reoccupation. The consequences of the increased phage load on the mammalian immune system are also addressed. While this is an area of intestinal biology which has received little attention, this review assembles evidence from the literature which supports the role of phages as one of the biological drivers behind the composition of the gut microbiota.",
            "publicationTitle": "Gut microbes",
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            "abstractNote": "Understanding the principles that govern community assemblages is a central goal of ecology. There is limited experimental evidence in natural settings showing that microbial assembly in communities are influenced by antagonistic interactions. We, therefore, analyzed antagonism among bacterial isolates from a taxonomically related bacterial guild obtained from five sites in sediments from a fresh water system. We hypothesized that if antagonistic interactions acted as a shaping force of the community assembly, then the frequency of resistance to antagonism among bacterial isolates originating from a given site would be higher than the resistance to conspecifics originating from a different assemblage. Antagonism assays were conducted between 78 thermoresistant isolates, of which 72 were Bacillus spp. Sensitive, resistant and antagonistic isolates co-occurred at each site, but the within-site frequency of resistance observed was higher than that observed when assessed across-sites. We found that antagonism results from bacteriocin-like substances aimed at the exclusion of conspecifics. More than 6000 interactions were scored and described by a directed network with hierarchical structure that exhibited properties that resembled a food chain, where the different Bacillus taxonomic groups occupied specific positions. For some tested interacting pairs, the unidirectional interaction could be explained by competition that inhibited growth or completely excluded one of the pair members. This is the first report on the prevalence and specificity of Bacillus interactions in a natural setting and provides evidence for the influence of bacterial antagonist interactions in the assemblage of a taxonomically related guild in local communities.The ISME Journal advance online publication, 25 October 2012; doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.119.",
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                    "firstName": "Clara",
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            "abstractNote": "Anaerobic digestion is a viable on-site treatment technology for rich organic waste streams such as food waste and blackwater. In contrast to large-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants which are typically located away from the community, the effluent from any type of on-site system is a potential pathogenic hazard because of the intimacy of the system to the community. The native concentrations of the pathogen indicators Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens and somatic coliphage were tracked for 30 days under stable operation (organic loading rate (OLR) = 1.8 kgCOD m(-3) day(-1), methane yield = 52% on a chemical oxygen demand (COD) basis) of a two-stage laboratory-scale digester treating a mixture of food waste and blackwater. E. coli numbers were reduced by a factor of 10(6.4) in the thermophilic stage, from 10(7.5±0.3) to 10(1.1±0.1) cfu 100 mL(-1), but regenerated by a factor of 10(4) in the mesophilic stage. Neither the thermophilic nor mesophilic stages had any significant impact on C. perfringens concentrations. Coliphage concentrations were reduced by a factor of 10(1.4) across the two stages. The study shows that anaerobic digestion only reduces pathogen counts marginally but that counts in effluent samples could be readily reduced to below detection limits by filtration through a 0.22 µm membrane, to investigate membrane filtration as a possible sanitation technique.",
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            "abstractNote": "Populations affected by disaster increase the demand on emergency response and public health systems and on acute care hospitals, often causing disruptions of services. Household preparedness measures, such as having a 3-day supply of food, water, and medication and a written household evacuation plan, can improve a population's ability to cope with service disruption, decreasing the number of persons who might otherwise overwhelm emergency services and health-care systems. To estimate current levels of self-reported household preparedness by state and sociodemographic characteristics, CDC analyzed Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey data collected in 14 states during 2006-2010. The results of this analysis indicated that an estimated 94.8% of households had a working battery-operated flashlight, 89.7% had a 3-day supply of medications for everyone who required them, 82.9% had a 3-day supply of food, 77.7% had a working battery-operated radio, 53.6% had a 3-day supply of water, and 21.1% had a written evacuation plan. Non-English speaking and minority respondents, particularly Hispanics, were less likely to report household preparedness for an emergency or disaster, suggesting that more outreach activities should be directed toward these populations.",
            "publicationTitle": "MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report",
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            "abstractNote": "The Food and Drug Administration's MedWatch system-a voluntary surveillance program-received 600,000 adverse event reports on marketed drugs and devices in 2011. The Food and Drug Administration credits the MedWatch system with improving awareness, and expediting early detection, of drug and device risks and in illuminating the adoption of medical treatments. Reporting bias has been acknowledged as a limitation of the MedWatch system. No systematic assessment of the accuracy and completeness of adverse event reporting has been conducted, yet inaccurate adverse event reporting may lead drug safety professionals to draw incorrect conclusions, manufacturers may be wrongly forced to suspend and withdraw medications and interventions, health professionals may mistakenly alter their clinical practices, and patients may be denied safe and effective treatments. In 2011, the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development gathered and analyzed 10.2 million adverse event reports filed with the MedWatch system. Patient information was generally complete and accurate. Suspect product information, on the other hand, showed high levels of incomplete and inaccurate data. Start and end dates of suspect product use had 37% and 23% completion rates, respectively. Dosage level was completed only 31% of the time, and product lot numbers had only a 9% completion rate. More than 25% of the names of reported suspect products were inaccurate, and 31% of suspect product start dates were inaccurate. Higher levels of completion and accuracy were associated with reports filed closer to the date when the adverse event was observed. Implications of the results and suggested improvements are discussed.",
            "publicationTitle": "American journal of therapeutics",
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            "abstractNote": "Increasingly, food and agricultural industries are gearing up to use nanotechnological innovations to expand their already multi trillion dollar industries globally. The scientific community has identified a number of serious issues relating to risk assessments of nanomaterials such as the difficulty of characterising, detecting and measuring nanomaterials, as well as a lack of sufficient toxicology data. Apart from the scientific issues surrounding risk assessment, public acceptance of nanotechnology itself and nanofoods in particular continues to be elusive. This paper addresses the need to expand concepts of risk to include intangible or moral risk in the assessment of nanotechnologies. 'Intervention' points along the innovation chain are explored, where an expanded risk assessment could be applied, with a particular focus on the patent system.",
            "publicationTitle": "Recent patents on food, nutrition & agriculture",
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            "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND\n\nCorrect identification and cryptic biodiversity revelation for marine organisms are pressing since the marine life is important in maintaining the balance of ecological system and is facing the problem of biodiversity crisis or food safety. DNA barcoding has been proved successful to provide resolution beyond the boundaries of morphological information. Nassarius, the common mudsnail, plays an important role in marine environment and has problem in food safety, but the classification of it is quite confused because of the complex morphological diversity.\n\n\nMETHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS\n\nHere we report a comprehensive barcoding analysis of 22 Nassarius species. We integrated the mitochondrial and nuclear sequences and the morphological characters to determine 13 Nassarius species studied and reveal four cryptic species and one pair synonyms. Distance, monophyly, and character-based barcoding methods were employed.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE\n\nSuch successful identification and unexpected cryptic discovery is significant for Nassarius in food safety and species conversation and remind us to pay more attention to the hidden cryptic biodiversity ignored in marine life. Distance, monophyly, and character-based barcoding methods are all very helpful in identification but the character-based method shows some advantages.",
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            "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between parent-reported ability of young children with cerebral palsy (CP) to eat different food textures and gross motor functional abilities. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal, representative cohort study. SETTING: Community and tertiary pediatric hospital settings. PARTICIPANTS: : One hundred and seventy children (110 males, 65%) were assessed on 396 occasions (range 1-4 occasions), including 67 at 1yr 6mo (49 males), 99 at 2yrs (66 males), 111 at 2yrs 6mo (71males) and 119 at 3 yrs (64 males). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gross motor function was determined using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Parent-reported eating ability was determined using four items of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). The association between capability to eat food textures and GMFCS level was examined using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: GMFCS levels at initial presentation were: I=62; II=32. III=24; IV=22; and V=30. Reported capability to eat cut up/chunky and \"all textures‟ of table foods decreased significantly as GMFCS level increased. Decreased capability to eat pureed/ blended and ground/lumpy foods compared to GMFCS I was significantly associated with GMFCS levels IV-V only. CONCLUSION: Reported attainment of eating skills was closely associated with GMFCS in young children with CP across age levels. These results emphasize the need for early oral motor and feeding screening in young children with CP across gross motor functional abilities.",
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