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"key": "8RTERNTW", "version": 196, "parentItem": "277KFXI7", "itemType": "note", "note": "

- El aprendizaje y el comportamiento se ven influeciados no sólo por los nutrientes de la dieta, sino también por los contaminantes de los alimentos tóxicos, como el mercurio, que puede pertubar los procesos metabólicos y alterar la plasticidad neuronal (es la capacidad de las neuronas para someterse a cambios funcionales específicos durante los momentos en que tiene lugar el aprendizaje, también es fundamental para la creación y el almacenamiento de la memoria a largo plazo)

\n

- El mercurio ya sea individualmente o en concierto con  otros factores, puede ser dañino si se ingiere en cantidades superiores a la media, o por personas sensibles.

\n

- El jarabe de maíz de alta fructosa se ha demostrado que contienen trazas de mercurio, como resultado de algunos procesos de fabricación y su consumo también puede conducir a la pérdida de zinc. El consumo de ciertos aditivos y colorantes alimentarios artificiales, también ha demostrado que conduce a la deficiencia de zinc.

\n

- El zinc en la dieta es fundamental para mantener los procesos metabólicos necesarios para la eliminación del mercurio.

\n

- Si el mercurio no se elimina del cuerpo, llevará a un estres oxidativo.

\n

- Un órgano diana del mercurio es el cerebro.

\n

- En el caso de la ingesta de mercurio, cuando éste llega al intestino, levaduras y bacterias presentes, convierten al mercurio inorgánico en metil mercurio orgánico, éste atraviesa la barrera hematoencefálica, en el tejido cerebral se convierte nuevamente en mercurio inorgánico. El mercurio en el cerebro conduce al estres oxidativo, resultando en la plasticidad neuronal, lo que dificulta el aprendizaje.

\n

- El consenso actual es que las mujeres embarazadas NO tienen que evitar el consumo de pescado, necesitan elegir variedades de peces con concentraciones menores de mercurio. Los peces mas contaminados incluyen caballa, pez esoada, tiburón y blanquillo.

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- La relación entre los colorantes artificiales y el TDAH, se ha estudiado por más de 35 años.

\n

- Existen defectos en los estudios que hacen que los resultados de las investigaciones no sea 100% confiables, como: el diagnóstico no estandarizado, selección de la muestra cuestionable, cegamento imperfecto, resultados no estandarizados.

\n

- Los colorantes artificiales parecen ser un problema de salud pública, más que un problema específico de TDAH.

\n

- Los colorantes artificiales parecen afectar a los niños, independientemente si tienen TDAH o no.

\n

- Feingold, luego de la hipótesis que planteó, de que los colorantes artificiales causan hiperactividad, ideó una dieta, llamada \"Kaiser Permanente\" o la \"dieta KP\", libre de colorantes y aditivos alimentarios, además de restringuir dos conservantes, el hidroxitolueno y el butilbutilado, que también llevarían a la hiperactividad.

\n

Conclusiones de la investigación.

\n

- Los colorantes artificiales NO son la causa principal de TDAH, pero pueden contribuir de manera significativa en algunos casos.

\n

- Al afectar el metabolismo de nutrientes y otros en la periferia, los colorantes artificiales podrían afectar el cerebro sin tener que cruzar la barrera sangre-cerebro.

\n

El estado de evidencia actual no es concluyente, acerca de los colorantes artifiiciales y TDAH, por lo tanto, hasta que la seguridad se pueda determinar mejor, es recomendable reducir al mínimo la exposición a los colorantes artificiales. Además con los niveles actuales de obesidad infantil, no parece haber necesidad de que la comida se vea más atractiva.

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- La eliminación completa de los aditivos alimentarios podría implicar el sometimiento del niño a dietas restringidas en lugar de un régimen de alimentación balanceada, ya que son pocos los alimentos libres de aditivos accesibles para el consumidor, es innevitable afirmar que la dieta de Feingold es díficil de cumplirse en su totalidad.

\n

- Sin embargo hay aliemntos que se pueden eliminar sin perjudicar el estado nutricional del niño, ya que son fuentes de aditivos alimentarios y azucares simples.

\n

- Se ha propuesto que la combinación de tratamientos farmacológicos  y conductual, mejora los resultados a largo plazo, que no se logra con el tratamiento por separado.

\n

- Con el fin de disminuir las limitaciones y los efectos no deseados de los medicamentos, han surgido enfonques alternativos de intervención como el empleo de regímenes dietéticos para controlar los comportamientos asociados al TDAH.

\n

- Los estudios realizados para probar la influencia de los aditivos alimentarios y dietas balanceadas son contradictorios.

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- En este estudio se demuestra que existe un efecto beneficioso tras la eliminación de aditivos y colorantes artificiales en los niños con TDAH.

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Despite previous studies on the role of foods, preservatives and artificial colorings in ADHD this issue remains controversial. This investigation evaluated 26 children who meet the criteria for ADHD. Treatment with a multiple item elimination diet showed 19 children (73%) responded favorably, P < .001. On open challenge, all 19 children reacted to many foods, dyes, and/or preservatives. A double-blind placebo controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) was completed in 16 children. There was a significant improvement on placebo days compared with challenge days (P = .003). Atopic children with ADHD had a significantly higher response rate than the nonatopic group. This study demonstrates a beneficial effect of eliminating reactive foods and artificial colors in children with ADHD. Dietary factors may play a significant role in the etiology of the majority of children with ADHD.", "publicationTitle": "Annals of allergy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 1994", "volume": "72", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "462-468", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Ann Allergy", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003-4738", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 8179235", "tags": [ { "tag": "Analysis of Variance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child, Preschool", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Double-Blind Method", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Food", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Food Additives", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Food Hypersensitivity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hypersensitivity, Immediate", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Placebos", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-30T22:42:17Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-30T22:42:17Z" } }, { "key": "2UPF3NN3", "version": 169, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 191444, "name": "TDAH", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tdah", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/191444/items/2UPF3NN3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tdah/items/2UPF3NN3", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/191444/items/C5MGG29T", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1346296, "username": "denissesquivelo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/denissesquivelo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2UPF3NN3", "version": 169, "parentItem": "C5MGG29T", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Investigación que formula una metodología de estudio, para que se llegue a un resultado ceretero de si los colorantes artificiales tienen relación con la sintomatología del TDAH.

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