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Climate change and agriculture. Country note.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "The World Bank" } ], "abstractNote": "The Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Region of the World Bank recently released a new report titled “ Managing Uncertainty: \nAdapting to Climate Change in Europe and Central Asia.”\n1\nThis report is a flagship document that raises awareness of the \nthreats, challenges and opportunities that ECA countries and communities will face in adapting to climate change across a \nvariety of economic sectors. This Country Note was developed as a basis for beginning work in Uzbekistan under a World \nBank regional program designed to enhance the ability of ECA countries to integrate climate change adaptation into \nagricultural policies, programs and investments.\n2\nTo support the Government of Uzbekistan in this effort, the Ministry of \nAgriculture and Water Resources (MAWR), the State Committee for Nature Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan and \nthe World Bank are working together to develop Uzbekistan’s Response to Climate Change and Agriculture.", "type": "", "date": "2010.09", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://siteresources.worldbank.org/ECAEXT/Resources/258598-1277305872360/7190152-1303416376314/uzbekistancountrynote.pdf", "accessDate": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-08T10:29:18Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-13T08:14:17Z" } }, { "key": "83DACSID", "version": 1482, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1899, "name": "Microenergy-Systems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenergy-systems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1899/items/83DACSID", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenergy-systems/items/83DACSID", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1095132, "username": "Mathias_Koepke", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mathias_koepke", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1008673, "username": "Mirjam Neebe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mirjam_neebe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Khujanov", "parsedDate": "2010-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "83DACSID", "version": 1482, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Konzentrierte Solarenergie in Zentralasien", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ravshanjon", "lastName": "Khujanov" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Solarenergie", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2010.10", "volume": "2010", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sonnenenergie.de/index.php?id=30&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=67", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-08T10:25:33Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-13T08:13:09Z" } }, { "key": "IKPERSTM", "version": 1480, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1899, "name": "Microenergy-Systems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenergy-systems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1899/items/IKPERSTM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenergy-systems/items/IKPERSTM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1095132, "username": "Mathias_Koepke", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mathias_koepke", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zakhidov", "parsedDate": "2005-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IKPERSTM", "version": 1480, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Promising Use of Solar, Wind and Small River Energy in Power Supply to Ungasified Rural in the Chimgan Charvak Mountare", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. 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Most of the country strategies are \naimed at providing 18-20% of energy from renewable energy sources \nby 2020. The main constraint on wide use of alternative energy sources \nis their economic effectiveness, which is relatively low in comparison to \nnon-renewable energy.", "publicationTitle": "Development Focus", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011.06", "volume": "", "issue": "13", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.cer.uz/en/publications/1092", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-08T10:40:00Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-08T10:41:46Z" } }, { "key": "5PXZDD8X", "version": 1475, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1899, "name": "Microenergy-Systems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenergy-systems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1899/items/5PXZDD8X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenergy-systems/items/5PXZDD8X", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1095132, "username": "Mathias_Koepke", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mathias_koepke", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "EcoSEED", "parsedDate": "2013-02-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5PXZDD8X", "version": 1475, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Suntech to build $10 million solar panel factory in Uzbekistan", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "EcoSEED" } ], "abstractNote": "China's Suntech Power Holdings Co., the world’s largest solar panel producer, is set to build a $10 million solar panel factory in Uzbekistan, said the Uzbek economics ministry.\n\nAccording to a RIA Novosti report, Suntech has signed a memorandum of understanding with Uzbekistan's state energy company Uzbekenergo to put up the project in the Navoiy free industrial and economic zone", "websiteTitle": "EcoSEED Other markets", "websiteType": "", "date": "2013.02.05", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ecoseed.org/business/other-markets/16092-suntech-to-build-10-million-solar-panel-factory-in-uzbekistan", "accessDate": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-08T10:33:11Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-08T10:34:45Z" } }, { "key": "Q8C35TVN", "version": 1468, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1899, "name": "Microenergy-Systems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenergy-systems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1899/items/Q8C35TVN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenergy-systems/items/Q8C35TVN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1095132, "username": "Mathias_Koepke", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mathias_koepke", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Universal newswires", "parsedDate": "2012-01-18", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Q8C35TVN", "version": 1468, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "System failures to blame for Uzbek power outages, report says", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Universal newswires" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "central asia economy newswire", "websiteType": "News", "date": "2012.01.18", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.universalnewswires.com/centralasia/economy/viewstory.aspx?id=11185", "accessDate": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-08T10:19:10Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-08T10:21:19Z" } }, { "key": "ZZJBSJIP", "version": 1466, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1899, "name": "Microenergy-Systems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenergy-systems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1899/items/ZZJBSJIP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenergy-systems/items/ZZJBSJIP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1095132, "username": "Mathias_Koepke", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mathias_koepke", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "European Bank for Reconstruction and Development", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZZJBSJIP", "version": 1466, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Renewable Development Initiative - Uzbekistan", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "European Bank for Reconstruction and Development" } ], "abstractNote": "Uzbekistan has extensive oil and gas resources which result in low tariffs and a lack of incentive on the government’s part to develop renewable sources with the exception of hydropower.", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "2010", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ebrdrenewables.com/sites/renew/countries/Uzbekistan/default.aspx#projects", "accessDate": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-08T09:53:19Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-08T09:55:13Z" } }, { "key": "3JVTHW7Z", "version": 1463, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1899, "name": "Microenergy-Systems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenergy-systems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1899/items/3JVTHW7Z", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenergy-systems/items/3JVTHW7Z", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1095132, "username": "Mathias_Koepke", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mathias_koepke", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tashpulat Yuldashev", "parsedDate": "2012-01-18", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3JVTHW7Z", "version": 1463, "itemType": "newspaperArticle", "title": "Uzbekistan's power crisis - why is there no heat and light?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Tashpulat Yuldashev" } ], "abstractNote": "The majority of Uzbekistan’s population are having a tough time this winter as the country’s energy supply problems go from bad to worse. Unplanned power cuts and lengthy rolling blackouts have become everyday occurrences in almost every Uzbek neighbourhood.\n\n In larger towns the electricity is switched off for up to six hours a day. In Tashkent the power is off for 1-2 hours every day. Outlying villages sometimes have no power for weeks at a time.\n\n Shortages of petrol, LPG and diesel mean that queues of cars often stretch for a kilometre or more at petrol stations. 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Author contact info:
William Jack
Georgetown University
E-Mail: wgj@georgetown.edu

Tavneet Suri
MIT Sloan School of Management
100 Main Street, E62-517
Cambridge, MA 02142
Tel: 617/253-7159
Fax: 617/258-6855
E-Mail: tavneet@mit.edu

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Author contact info:
William Jack
Georgetown University
E-Mail: wgj@georgetown.edu

Tavneet Suri
MIT Sloan School of Management
100 Main Street, E62-517
Cambridge, MA 02142
Tel: 617/253-7159
Fax: 617/258-6855
E-Mail: tavneet@mit.edu

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Accelerating development in Sub-Saharan Africa will require massive expansion of access to electricity—currently reaching only about one third of households. This paper explores how essential economic development might be reconciled with the need to keep carbon emissions in check. We develop a geographically explicit framework and use spatial modeling and cost estimates from recent engineering studies to determine where stand-alone renewable energy generation is a cost effective alternative to centralized grid supply. Our results suggest that decentralized renewable energy will likely play an important role in expanding rural energyaccess. However, it will be the lowest cost option for a minority of households in Africa, even when likely cost reductions over the next 20 years are considered. Decentralized renewables are competitive mostly in remote and rural areas, while grid connected supply dominates denser areas where the majority of households reside. These findings underscore the need to decarbonize the fuel mix for centralized power generation as it expands in Africa.

\n

 

\n

►► Expansion of electricity access in Sub-Saharan Africa remains a development priority. ► Low carbon options are important to reduce GHG emissions growth and avoid lock-ins. ► Spatially explicit cost modeling guides choice of supply options. ► Decentralized renewables are lowest cost for a significant minority of households. ► Grid supply remains attractive, suggesting focus on decarbonizing centralized supply.

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This paper examines household energy consumption patterns in rural areas in the light of energy transition theories. In particular, the study aims to identify the effects of access to electricity on fuel choice. The analysis uses data from an extensive household survey conducted in South Africa and examines the prevalence of different fuels, energy expenditure, the end-uses of fuels, and multiple-fuel use patterns. It is concluded that evidence exists for the presence of an energy transition in rural households, largely driven by income. Access to electricity affects the nature of this transition, and there is weak evidence to suggest that it accelerates the process.

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This paper presents a review of the current situation and projections for energyaccess in Africa. The paper also presents several sets of ambitious energyaccess targets as agreed by the regional groupings within the region. The paper argues that achieving between 50% and 100% access to modern energy services by 2030 in Africa will require more effective mobilization and use of both domestic and external funding, and the development and implementation of innovative policy frameworks. The paper suggests that greater emphasis will need to be placed on productive uses of energy and energy for income generation in order to break the vicious circle of low incomes leading to poor access to modern energy services, which in turn puts severe limitations on the ability to generate higher incomes. The paper further suggests that if anything near the ambitious targets set by African organisations are to be achieved then it will be advisable to tap into the full menu of energy resource and technology options, and there will be the need for significant increases in the numbers of various actors involved together with more effective institutions in the energy sector.

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This paper presents a review of the current situation and projections for energyaccess in Africa. The paper also presents several sets of ambitious energyaccess targets as agreed by the regional groupings within the region. The paper argues that achieving between 50% and 100% access to modern energy services by 2030 in Africa will require more effective mobilization and use of both domestic and external funding, and the development and implementation of innovative policy frameworks. The paper suggests that greater emphasis will need to be placed on productive uses of energy and energy for income generation in order to break the vicious circle of low incomes leading to poor access to modern energy services, which in turn puts severe limitations on the ability to generate higher incomes. The paper further suggests that if anything near the ambitious targets set by African organisations are to be achieved then it will be advisable to tap into the full menu of energy resource and technology options, and there will be the need for significant increases in the numbers of various actors involved together with more effective institutions in the energy sector.

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