[ { "key": "2RRKJHCD", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 182677, "name": "periodontal_hormone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/2RRKJHCD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone/items/2RRKJHCD", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/XUJWHQVE", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 46158, "username": "fyshou", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fyshou", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "2RRKJHCD", "version": 8, "parentItem": "XUJWHQVE", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2013-07-17T14:11:38Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6119293", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-17T14:11:38Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-17T14:11:38Z" } }, { "key": "XUJWHQVE", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 182677, "name": "periodontal_hormone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/XUJWHQVE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone/items/XUJWHQVE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 46158, "username": "fyshou", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fyshou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kornman and Loesche", "parsedDate": "1982-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "XUJWHQVE", "version": 8, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effects of estradiol and progesterone on Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides gingivalis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K S", "lastName": "Kornman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W J", "lastName": "Loesche" } ], "abstractNote": "Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius increases in the subgingival microflora during pregnancy. These studies evaluated direct interactions between hormonal steroids and oral Bacteroides species. Resting cell suspensions of pure cultures of plaque organisms were incubated anaerobically with [14C]estradiol and [14C]progesterone. Uptake of labeled compound per microgram of bacterial protein was determined by thin-layer chromatography and liquid scintillation counting. B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius and B. melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus took up 2.6 x 10(-4) to 5.4 x 10(-4) mumol of estradiol or progesterone per microgram of cell protein. Minimal steroid uptake was observed with B. gingivalis and five other organisms. Uptake of steroids by B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius was temperature dependent and resulted in a labeled product as detected on thin-layer chromatography. Growth curves indicated that intermedius and melaninogenicus subspecies of B. melaninogenicus but not B. gingivalis could substitute progesterone or estradiol for vitamin K, an essential growth factor. Growth of B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius in steroids was concentration dependent. Addition of fumarate to resting cells of B. melaninogenicus subspecies as well as B. gingivalis increased steroid uptake by 70 to 500% and resulted in the gas-liquid chromatographic detection of succinate. Cultures given fumarate alone or steroids alone produced no succinate. Steroids appeared to directly interact with the fumarate reductase system and foster the growth of B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius. This interaction may be of ecological significance.", "publicationTitle": "Infection and immunity", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jan 1982", "volume": "35", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "256-263", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Infect. Immun.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0019-9567", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 6119293", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bacteroides", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Culture Media", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Estradiol", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fumarates", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prevotella melaninogenica", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Progesterone", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Succinates", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Succinic Acid", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Vitamin K", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-17T14:11:38Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-17T14:11:38Z" } }, { "key": "BUWPPDC7", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 182677, "name": "periodontal_hormone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/BUWPPDC7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone/items/BUWPPDC7", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/AFIBCSMM", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 46158, "username": "fyshou", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fyshou", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "BUWPPDC7", "version": 7, "parentItem": "AFIBCSMM", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2013-07-15T14:35:31Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15196487", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T14:35:31Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T14:35:31Z" } }, { "key": "AFIBCSMM", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 182677, "name": "periodontal_hormone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/AFIBCSMM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone/items/AFIBCSMM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 46158, "username": "fyshou", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fyshou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Forney et al.", "parsedDate": "2004-06", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "AFIBCSMM", "version": 7, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Molecular microbial ecology: land of the one-eyed king", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Larry J", "lastName": "Forney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xia", "lastName": "Zhou" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Celeste J", "lastName": "Brown" } ], "abstractNote": "Studies of microbial biodiversity have made astounding discoveries of late due to the use of methodologies based on phylogenetic analyses of small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences. Although there are limitations to these methods, they can nonetheless be very useful if these limitations are kept in mind. These limitations range from technical problems such as obtaining representative genomic DNA and suitable primers, to conceptual problems such as defining and using meaningful taxonomic units of diversity (species). Here we discuss several of the limitations inherent in studies of microbial diversity that must be considered when interpreting the results obtained using these approaches.", "publicationTitle": "Current opinion in microbiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jun 2004", "volume": "7", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "210-220", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Curr. Opin. Microbiol.", "DOI": "10.1016/j.mib.2004.04.015", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1369-5274", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Molecular microbial ecology", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 15196487", "tags": [ { "tag": "Archaea", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bacteria", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Base Sequence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "DNA, Ribosomal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ecosystem", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electrophoresis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lactobacillus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Molecular Sequence Data", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Phylogeny", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNA, Ribosomal, 16S", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sequence Alignment", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T14:35:31Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T14:35:31Z" } }, { "key": "6C9CUEBR", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 182677, "name": "periodontal_hormone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/6C9CUEBR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone/items/6C9CUEBR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/BRD3NN9K", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 46158, "username": "fyshou", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fyshou", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "6C9CUEBR", "version": 6, "parentItem": "BRD3NN9K", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2013-07-15T14:33:58Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17071787", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T14:33:58Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T14:33:58Z" } }, { "key": "BRD3NN9K", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 182677, "name": "periodontal_hormone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/BRD3NN9K", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone/items/BRD3NN9K", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 46158, "username": "fyshou", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fyshou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Case et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "BRD3NN9K", "version": 6, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Use of 16S rRNA and rpoB genes as molecular markers for microbial ecology studies", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rebecca J", "lastName": "Case" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yan", "lastName": "Boucher" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ingela", "lastName": "Dahllöf" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carola", "lastName": "Holmström" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W Ford", "lastName": "Doolittle" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Staffan", "lastName": "Kjelleberg" } ], "abstractNote": "Several characteristics of the 16S rRNA gene, such as its essential function, ubiquity, and evolutionary properties, have allowed it to become the most commonly used molecular marker in microbial ecology. However, one fact that has been overlooked is that multiple copies of this gene are often present in a given bacterium. These intragenomic copies can differ in sequence, leading to identification of multiple ribotypes for a single organism. To evaluate the impact of such intragenomic heterogeneity on the performance of the 16S rRNA gene as a molecular marker, we compared its phylogenetic and evolutionary characteristics to those of the single-copy gene rpoB. Full-length gene sequences and gene fragments commonly used for denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were compared at various taxonomic levels. Heterogeneity found between intragenomic 16S rRNA gene copies was concentrated in specific regions of rRNA secondary structure. Such \"heterogeneity hot spots\" occurred within all gene fragments commonly used in molecular microbial ecology. This intragenomic heterogeneity influenced 16S rRNA gene tree topology, phylogenetic resolution, and operational taxonomic unit estimates at the species level or below. rpoB provided comparable phylogenetic resolution to that of the 16S rRNA gene at all taxonomic levels, except between closely related organisms (species and subspecies levels), for which it provided better resolution. This is particularly relevant in the context of a growing number of studies focusing on subspecies diversity, in which single-copy protein-encoding genes such as rpoB could complement the information provided by the 16S rRNA gene.", "publicationTitle": "Applied and environmental microbiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jan 2007", "volume": "73", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "278-288", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Appl. Environ. Microbiol.", "DOI": "10.1128/AEM.01177-06", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0099-2240", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 17071787", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bacteria", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Base Sequence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ecosystem", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Evolution, Molecular", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Genes, rRNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Genetic Markers", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Genetic Variation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Molecular Sequence Data", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Phylogeny", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNA, Ribosomal, 16S", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T14:33:58Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T14:33:58Z" } }, { "key": "VRJ9N5XJ", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 182677, "name": "periodontal_hormone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/VRJ9N5XJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone/items/VRJ9N5XJ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/44QR93QX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 46158, "username": "fyshou", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fyshou", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "VRJ9N5XJ", "version": 5, "parentItem": "44QR93QX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2013-07-15T14:32:26Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588742", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T14:32:26Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T14:32:26Z" } }, { "key": "44QR93QX", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 182677, "name": "periodontal_hormone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/44QR93QX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone/items/44QR93QX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 46158, "username": "fyshou", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fyshou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kroes et al.", "parsedDate": "1999-12-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "44QR93QX", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Bacterial diversity within the human subgingival crevice", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I", "lastName": "Kroes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P W", "lastName": "Lepp" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D A", "lastName": "Relman" } ], "abstractNote": "Molecular, sequence-based environmental surveys of microorganisms have revealed a large degree of previously uncharacterized diversity. However, nearly all studies of the human endogenous bacterial flora have relied on cultivation and biochemical characterization of the resident organisms. We used molecular methods to characterize the breadth of bacterial diversity within the human subgingival crevice by comparing 264 small subunit rDNA sequences from 21 clone libraries created with products amplified directly from subgingival plaque, with sequences obtained from bacteria that were cultivated from the same specimen, as well as with sequences available in public databases. The majority (52.5%) of the directly amplified 16S rRNA sequences were <99% identical to sequences within public databases. In contrast, only 21.4% of the sequences recovered from cultivated bacteria showed this degree of variability. The 16S rDNA sequences recovered by direct amplification were also more deeply divergent; 13.5% of the amplified sequences were more than 5% nonidentical to any known sequence, a level of dissimilarity that is often found between members of different genera. None of the cultivated sequences exhibited this degree of sequence dissimilarity. Finally, direct amplification of 16S rDNA yielded a more diverse view of the subgingival bacterial flora than did cultivation. Our data suggest that a significant proportion of the resident human bacterial flora remain poorly characterized, even within this well studied and familiar microbial environment.", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Dec 7, 1999", "volume": "96", "issue": "25", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "14547-14552", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0027-8424", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 10588742", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bacteria", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Base Sequence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "DNA, Ribosomal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dental Plaque", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gingiva", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Molecular Sequence Data", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Phylogeny", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNA, Ribosomal, 16S", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T14:32:26Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T14:32:26Z" } }, { "key": "ZNXI9ZFM", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 182677, "name": "periodontal_hormone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/ZNXI9ZFM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone/items/ZNXI9ZFM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 46158, "username": "fyshou", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fyshou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Grant et al.", "parsedDate": "1995-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZNXI9ZFM", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Periodontal microbiota of mobile and non-mobile teeth", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D A", "lastName": "Grant" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D A", "lastName": "Grant" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M J", "lastName": "Flynn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Slots" } ], "abstractNote": "The mechanism of accelerated periodontal destruction around teeth with occlusal trauma and increased mobility remains unclear. One possibility is that tooth mobility creates a subgingival environment conducive to overgrowth by periodontal pathogens. This study compared the subgingival microflora in mobile and non-mobile teeth of 35 adults on supportive maintenance therapy and 15 with untreated adult periodontitis. In each subject, subgingival paper-point samples were obtained from a mobile tooth with a probing depth of 4 mm or greater and from a non-mobile tooth with similar probing depth and gingival index. Samples were transported in VMGA III medium. Pockets around mobile teeth harbored significantly higher proportions of Campylobacter rectus (P = 0.001) and Peptostreptococcus micros (P = 0.05) than pockets with non-mobile teeth. Mobile teeth also tended to show elevated levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, but this did not reach statistical significance. This study suggests that tooth mobility may constitute a risk for periodontal breakdown due to an increased subgingival occurrence of specific periodontopathogens. This hypothesis needs to be verified in longitudinal clinical and microbiological studies.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of periodontology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 1995", "volume": "66", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "386-390", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. 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I. Total microscopic and viable counts and counts of specific organisms", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S S", "lastName": "SOCRANSKY" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R J", "lastName": "GIBBONS" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A C", "lastName": "DALE" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L", "lastName": "BORTNICK" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E", "lastName": "ROSENTHAL" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J B", "lastName": "MACDONALD" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Archives of oral biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1963 May-Jun", "volume": "8", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "275-280", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Arch. Oral Biol.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003-9969", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 13989807", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bacteria", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gingiva", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T14:20:15Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T14:20:15Z" } }, { "key": "7M9KD276", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 182677, "name": "periodontal_hormone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/7M9KD276", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone/items/7M9KD276", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/WBA4XGU2", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 46158, "username": "fyshou", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fyshou", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "7M9KD276", "version": 4, "parentItem": "WBA4XGU2", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2013-07-15T14:18:43Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3964814", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T14:18:43Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T14:18:43Z" } }, { "key": "WBA4XGU2", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 182677, "name": "periodontal_hormone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/WBA4XGU2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone/items/WBA4XGU2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 46158, "username": "fyshou", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fyshou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ansar Ahmed et al.", "parsedDate": "1985-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "WBA4XGU2", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effects of short-term administration of sex hormones on normal and autoimmune mice", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Ansar Ahmed" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M J", "lastName": "Dauphinee" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N", "lastName": "Talal" } ], "abstractNote": "The effects of short-term administration (2 to 4 wk) of sex hormones on the immune system of normal (C57BL/6) and autoimmune (C57BL/6-lpr, C3H/lpr, B/W) strains of mice were investigated. Both estrogen (E2) and testosterone (Te) had significant effects on the numbers of T and B cells as well as on the density of cell surface antigens as demonstrated by flow cytometry. For example, Te depleted Thy-1.2+ thymocytes in normal mice and brought about a shift to lower density cells. Lyt-2+ cells appeared to be the main target cells of hormonal modulation in normal and autoimmune mice. Both sex hormones significantly depleted these cells in the thymus but had differential effects in the peripheral lymphoid organs, particularly in the spleen. In general, E2 depleted Lyt-2+ cells, whereas Te increased or maintained this subpopulation of cells in spleen and lymph nodes. Similarly, the suppressor cell activity and IL 2 production on a per cell basis in E2-treated animals was diminished, whereas Te-treated animals had normal or enhanced activity. The relevance of these findings to differential sex susceptibility in autoimmune diseases is discussed.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jan 1985", "volume": "134", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "204-210", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Immunol.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-1767", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 3964814", "tags": [ { "tag": "Animals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Autoimmune Diseases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bone Marrow", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Estradiol", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Immunity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lymph Nodes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lymphocytes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mice", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mice, Inbred Strains", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Species Specificity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spleen", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Testosterone", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Thymus Gland", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T14:18:43Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T14:18:43Z" } }, { "key": "2HNUK3WT", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 182677, "name": "periodontal_hormone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/2HNUK3WT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone/items/2HNUK3WT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 46158, "username": "fyshou", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fyshou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Daynes et al.", "parsedDate": "1995-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "2HNUK3WT", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Steroids as regulators of the mammalian immune response", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R A", "lastName": "Daynes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B A", "lastName": "Araneo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Hennebold" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E", "lastName": "Enioutina" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H H", "lastName": "Mu" } ], "abstractNote": "The mammalian immune system is multicellular in composition, and its proper function requires careful control over complex developmental pathways and many distinct types of effector responses. Numerous overlapping mechanisms of intercellular communication are needed to accomplish the tasks of proper regulation of the diverse cell types that constitute this essential protective system. One mechanism occurs by direct cell-to-cell contact through the interaction of membrane-associated molecules. Examples of this type of communication include the interaction that takes place between the antigen-specific T-cell receptor and the foreign peptides that are bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules, as well as costimulatory molecule interactions with their specific ligands expressed on antigen-presenting cells (e.g., CD28 and B7-1 or B7-2). A second mechanism occurs through the production, secretion, and activities of soluble mediators, collectively known as the cytokines. The cytokines are represented by a large and diverse group of molecules that are produced by a wide variety of cell types. Unique species of cytokines bind to specific membrane-associated receptors on target cells, inducing the activation of particular signal-transduction pathways. These processes subsequently lead to the diversity of cytokine-linked changes in cellular physiology. Some of the cytokines exert their influences in vivo via endocrine routes, although it is far more common for intercellular communication via cytokines to occur microenvironmentally via paracrine or autocrine pathways. The object of this review is to provide evidence supporting the concept that one mechanism for upstream regulation of cytokine production by immunocompetent cell types is controlled by the regulatory activities of various steroid hormones. Strain variation in susceptibility to infectious agents, the condition of immunosenescence, and the processes that control the development of common mucosal immunity are used as examples of immune mechanisms that may be under steroid hormone control.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of investigative dermatology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jul 1995", "volume": "105", "issue": "1 Suppl", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "14S-19S", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Invest. Dermatol.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-202X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 7615991", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Animals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Antibody Formation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Disease Susceptibility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Endocrine Glands", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Glucocorticoids", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hormones", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Immune System", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Infection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mucous Membrane", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Species Specificity", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T14:17:56Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T14:17:56Z" } }, { "key": "SCNGX6ZP", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 182677, "name": "periodontal_hormone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/SCNGX6ZP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone/items/SCNGX6ZP", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/2HNUK3WT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 46158, "username": "fyshou", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fyshou", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "SCNGX6ZP", "version": 4, "parentItem": "2HNUK3WT", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2013-07-15T14:17:56Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7615991", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T14:17:56Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T14:17:56Z" } }, { "key": "E5A8TF4H", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 182677, "name": "periodontal_hormone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/182677/items/E5A8TF4H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/periodontal_hormone/items/E5A8TF4H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 46158, "username": "fyshou", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fyshou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fischer et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "E5A8TF4H", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Influence of the menstrual cycle on the oral microbial flora in women: a case-control study including men as control subjects", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carolin C", "lastName": "Fischer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rigmor E", "lastName": "Persson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G Rutger", "lastName": "Persson" } ], "abstractNote": "Changes in the levels of female sex hormones during the menstrual cycle may cause cyclic differences in subgingival bacterial colonization patterns. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle cause changes in the oral microbiota.\nMETHODS: Bacterial plaque samples were collected in 20 systemically and periodontally healthy women using no hormonal contraceptives (test group) over a period of 6 weeks. Twenty age-matched systemically and periodontally healthy men were assigned to the control group. Samples were processed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization assay, and 74 species were analyzed.\nRESULTS: No cyclic pattern of bacterial colonization was identified for any of the 74 species studied in women not using hormonal contraceptives. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) (Y4) was common at the beginning of menstruation (mean: 32%) and increased during the following 2 weeks (36%) in women (P <0.05). No cyclic differences in bacterial presence were found among the men (P values varied between 0.14 and 0.98). Men presented with significantly higher bacterial counts for 40 of 74 species (P <0.001), including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but not Porphyromonas gingivalis (P = 0.15) or Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis) (P = 0.42).\nCONCLUSIONS: During a menstruation period, cyclic variation in the subgingival microbiota of periodontally healthy women of child-bearing age who were not using oral hormonal contraceptives could not be confirmed. Male control subjects presented with higher levels of many species but also without a cyclic pattern.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of periodontology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2008", "volume": "79", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1966-1973", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Periodontol.", "DOI": "10.1902/jop.2008.080057", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-3492", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Influence of the menstrual cycle on the oral microbial flora in women", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 18834253", "tags": [ { "tag": "Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bacteroides", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Case-Control Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Colony Count, Microbial", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "DNA, Bacterial", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dental Plaque", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gingiva", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gram-Positive Bacteria", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Menstrual Cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mouth", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Staphylococcus aureus", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T14:16:03Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T14:16:03Z" } } ]