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It reduces costs — the cost of entry, the...", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://radar.oreilly.com/2013/01/science-as-a-service.html", "accessDate": "2013-07-09T16:12:04Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "labs", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "open science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "outsourcing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science as a service", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science disruption", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science innovation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-09T16:33:53Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-09T16:33:53Z" } }, { "key": "QWSHA7NU", "version": 10, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 180824, "name": "centerforopenscience", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/180824/items/QWSHA7NU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience/items/QWSHA7NU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 617142, "username": "meli.lewis", "name": "Melissa Lewis", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/meli.lewis", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Soldatova and King", "parsedDate": "2006-12-22", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "QWSHA7NU", "version": 10, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "An ontology of scientific experiments", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Larisa N", "lastName": "Soldatova" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ross D", "lastName": "King" } ], "abstractNote": "The formal description of experiments for efficient analysis, annotation and sharing of results is a fundamental part of the practice of science. Ontologies are required to achieve this objective. A few subject-specific ontologies of experiments currently exist. However, despite the unity of scientific experimentation, no general ontology of experiments exists. We propose the ontology EXPO to meet this need. EXPO links the SUMO (the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology) with subject-specific ontologies of experiments by formalizing the generic concepts of experimental design, methodology and results representation. EXPO is expressed in the W3C standard ontology language OWL-DL. We demonstrate the utility of EXPO and its ability to describe different experimental domains, by applying it to two experiments: one in high-energy physics and the other in phylogenetics. The use of EXPO made the goals and structure of these experiments more explicit, revealed ambiguities, and highlighted an unexpected similarity. We conclude that, EXPO is of general value in describing experiments and a step towards the formalization of science.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of the Royal Society Interface", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006-12-22", "volume": "3", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "795-803", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J R Soc Interface", "DOI": "10.1098/rsif.2006.0134", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1885356/", "accessDate": "2013-07-09T16:12:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1742-5689", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed Central", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 17015305\nPMCID: PMC1885356", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-09T16:33:53Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-09T16:33:53Z" } }, { "key": "KAKA522H", "version": 10, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 180824, "name": "centerforopenscience", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/180824/items/KAKA522H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience/items/KAKA522H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 617142, "username": "meli.lewis", "name": "Melissa Lewis", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/meli.lewis", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Taylor, Mike", "parsedDate": "2012-11-28", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KAKA522H", "version": 10, "itemType": "magazineArticle", "title": "The changing face of journal metrics", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kamalski, Judith", "lastName": "Taylor, Mike" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 28 2012", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "ISSN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://elsevierconnect.com/the-changing-face-of-journal-metrics/", "accessDate": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-09T16:33:53Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-09T16:33:53Z" } }, { "key": "88BUE5UC", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 180824, "name": "centerforopenscience", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/180824/items/88BUE5UC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience/items/88BUE5UC", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/180824/items/8PMRZRX9", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1170367, "username": "jm.carp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jm.carp", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "88BUE5UC", "version": 3, "parentItem": "8PMRZRX9", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "1301.7064 PDF", "accessDate": "2013-07-08T20:54:06Z", "url": "http://www.arxiv.org/pdf/1301.7064.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-08T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-08T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "8PMRZRX9", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 180824, "name": "centerforopenscience", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/180824/items/8PMRZRX9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience/items/8PMRZRX9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1170367, "username": "jm.carp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jm.carp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Turk", "parsedDate": "2013-01-29", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "8PMRZRX9", "version": 3, "itemType": "report", "title": "How to Scale a Code in the Human Dimension", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew J.", "lastName": "Turk" } ], "abstractNote": "As scientists' needs for computational techniques and tools grow, they cease to be supportable by software developed in isolation. In many cases, these needs are being met by communities of practice, where software is developed by domain scientists to reach pragmatic goals and satisfy distinct and enumerable scientific goals. We present techniques that have been successful in growing and engaging communities of practice, specifically in the yt and Enzo communities.", "reportNumber": "1301.7064", "reportType": "arXiv e-print", "institution": "", "place": "", "date": "2013-01-29", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/1301.7064", "accessDate": "2013-07-08T20:54:06Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "arXiv.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Computer Science - Computers and Society", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-08T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-08T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "PZJEZ43R", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 180824, "name": "centerforopenscience", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/180824/items/PZJEZ43R", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience/items/PZJEZ43R", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/180824/items/8PMRZRX9", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1170367, "username": "jm.carp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jm.carp", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "PZJEZ43R", "version": 3, "parentItem": "8PMRZRX9", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "arXiv.org Snapshot", "accessDate": "2013-07-08T20:54:06Z", "url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/1301.7064", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-08T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-08T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "BW6RSDU7", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 180824, "name": "centerforopenscience", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/180824/items/BW6RSDU7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience/items/BW6RSDU7", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/180824/items/8PMRZRX9", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1170367, "username": "jm.carp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jm.carp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BW6RSDU7", "version": 3, "parentItem": "8PMRZRX9", "itemType": "note", "note": "Comment: Manuscript prepared from talk at Scientific Software Days 2012, December 2012. Slides and video of talk available at http://scisoftdays.org/meetings/2012/speakers_and_abstracts/#turk", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-08T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-08T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "6MRVIVES", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 180824, "name": "centerforopenscience", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/180824/items/6MRVIVES", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience/items/6MRVIVES", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1170367, "username": "jm.carp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jm.carp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Button et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6MRVIVES", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katherine S.", "lastName": "Button" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John P. A.", "lastName": "Ioannidis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Claire", "lastName": "Mokrysz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brian A.", "lastName": "Nosek" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonathan", "lastName": "Flint" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Emma S. J.", "lastName": "Robinson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marcus R.", "lastName": "Munafò" } ], "abstractNote": "A study with low statistical power has a reduced chance of detecting a true effect, but it is less well appreciated that low power also reduces the likelihood that a statistically significant result reflects a true effect. Here, we show that the average statistical power of studies in the neurosciences is very low. The consequences of this include overestimates of effect size and low reproducibility of results. There are also ethical dimensions to this problem, as unreliable research is inefficient and wasteful. Improving reproducibility in neuroscience is a key priority and requires attention to well-established but often ignored methodological principles.", "publicationTitle": "Nature Reviews Neuroscience", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2013", "volume": "14", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "365-376", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nat Rev Neurosci", "DOI": "10.1038/nrn3475", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n5/full/nrn3475.html", "accessDate": "2013-07-03T02:14:42Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1471-003X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Power failure", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2013 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-03T02:38:22Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-03T02:38:22Z" } }, { "key": "HTBGM5SF", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 180824, "name": "centerforopenscience", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/180824/items/HTBGM5SF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience/items/HTBGM5SF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1170367, "username": "jm.carp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jm.carp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brembs et al.", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HTBGM5SF", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Deep impact: unintended consequences of journal rank", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Björn", "lastName": "Brembs" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katherine", "lastName": "Button" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marcus", "lastName": "Munafò" } ], "abstractNote": "Most researchers acknowledge an intrinsic hierarchy in the scholarly journals (“journal rank”) that they submit their work to, and adjust not only their submission but also their reading strategies accordingly. On the other hand, much has been written about the negative effects of institutionalizing journal rank as an impact measure. So far, contributions to the debate concerning the limitations of journal rank as a scientific impact assessment tool have either lacked data, or relied on only a few studies. In this review, we present the most recent and pertinent data on the consequences of our current scholarly communication system with respect to various measures of scientific quality (such as utility/citations, methodological soundness, expert ratings or retractions). These data corroborate previous hypotheses: using journal rank as an assessment tool is bad scientific practice. Moreover, the data lead us to argue that any journal rank (not only the currently-favored Impact Factor) would have this negative impact. Therefore, we suggest that abandoning journals altogether, in favor of a library-based scholarly communication system, will ultimately be necessary. This new system will use modern information technology to vastly improve the filter, sort and discovery functions of the current journal system.", "publicationTitle": "Frontiers in Human Neuroscience", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "7", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "291", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Front. Hum. Neurosci", "DOI": "10.3389/fnhum.2013.00291", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.frontiersin.org/Human_Neuroscience/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00291/full", "accessDate": "2013-07-03T02:14:01Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Deep impact", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Frontiers", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "impact factor", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "journal ranking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "libraries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "library services", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "open access", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "publishing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "scholarly communication", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "statistics as topic", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-03T02:38:17Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-03T02:38:17Z" } }, { "key": "KH5KK2NV", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 180824, "name": "centerforopenscience", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/180824/items/KH5KK2NV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/centerforopenscience/items/KH5KK2NV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1170367, "username": "jm.carp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jm.carp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fortin and Currie", "parsedDate": "2013-06-19", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KH5KK2NV", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Big Science vs. Little Science: How Scientific Impact Scales with Funding", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean-Michel", "lastName": "Fortin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David J.", "lastName": "Currie" } ], "abstractNote": "Agencies that fund scientific research must choose: is it more effective to give large grants to a few elite researchers, or small grants to many researchers? Large grants would be more effective only if scientific impact increases as an accelerating function of grant size. Here, we examine the scientific impact of individual university-based researchers in three disciplines funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). We considered four indices of scientific impact: numbers of articles published, numbers of citations to those articles, the most cited article, and the number of highly cited articles, each measured over a four-year period. We related these to the amount of NSERC funding received. Impact is positively, but only weakly, related to funding. Researchers who received additional funds from a second federal granting council, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, were not more productive than those who received only NSERC funding. Impact was generally a decelerating function of funding. Impact per dollar was therefore lower for large grant-holders. This is inconsistent with the hypothesis that larger grants lead to larger discoveries. Further, the impact of researchers who received increases in funding did not predictably increase. We conclude that scientific impact (as reflected by publications) is only weakly limited by funding. We suggest that funding strategies that target diversity, rather than “excellence”, are likely to prove to be more productive.", "publicationTitle": "PLoS ONE", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 19, 2013", "volume": "8", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e65263", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PLoS ONE", "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0065263", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065263", "accessDate": "2013-07-03T02:14:22Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Big Science vs. Little Science", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PLoS Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-03T02:38:15Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-03T02:38:15Z" } } ]