[ { "key": "BJIGTA8T", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/BJIGTA8T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/BJIGTA8T", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/V7TJSQF8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BJIGTA8T", "version": 2, "parentItem": "V7TJSQF8", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_file", "title": "Poonnoose et al. - 2002 - Missed and mismanaged injuries of the spinal cord.pdf", "accessDate": "", "url": "", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Poonnoose et al. - 2002 - Missed and mismanaged injuries of the spinal cord.pdf", "md5": "526e9639a6e27e44a36c717b54113a86", "mtime": 1338807179000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-04T10:52:54Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-04T10:53:00Z" } }, { "key": "QJ76W56T", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/QJ76W56T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/QJ76W56T", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/NKBMNW8U", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QJ76W56T", "version": 2, "parentItem": "NKBMNW8U", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_file", "title": "Demetriades et al. - 2000 - Nonskeletal cervical spine injuries epidemiology .pdf", "accessDate": "", "url": "", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Demetriades et al. - 2000 - Nonskeletal cervical spine injuries epidemiology .pdf", "md5": "185674a07fdcc14014bfa57924d44dd3", "mtime": 1338807159000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-04T10:52:32Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-04T10:52:40Z" } }, { "key": "3MNCN89P", "version": 7404, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/3MNCN89P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/3MNCN89P", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Reid et al.", "parsedDate": "1987-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3MNCN89P", "version": 7404, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Etiology and clinical course of missed spine fractures", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D C", "lastName": "Reid" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Henderson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L", "lastName": "Saboe" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J D", "lastName": "Miller" } ], "abstractNote": "A prospective study was designed to document course and outcome. Two hundred fifty-three patients with 274 spinal injuries were reviewed at the time of injury and discharge from hospital, as well as at 1, 2, and 5 years postinjury. Thirty-eight of these patients were identified who had been misdiagnosed at the initial assessment. Fracture location, cause of injury, neurologic deficit, and delay in diagnosis were all documented: 22.9% of cervical injuries, and 4.9% of the thoracolumbar injuries had a delayed diagnosis ranging from less than 1 day to 36 days. The causes of delayed diagnosis were: 1) failure to take X-rays, 2) fractures missed on X-ray, and 3) failure of patients to seek medical attention. Associated factors such as intoxication of the patient, multiple injuries, level of consciousness, or two levels of spinal injury contributed to the delayed diagnosis of these injuries. Certain \"at-risk\" populations for missed spinal injuries have been identified. In spite of delays in diagnosis, progression of an established neurologic deficit did not appear to occur in our study. However, the development of secondary deficits was significant in the delayed diagnosis group.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Trauma", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 1987", "volume": "27", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "980-986", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Trauma", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3656481", "accessDate": "2012-06-04T10:47:30Z", "PMID": "3656481", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5282", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Accidents, Traffic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Athletic Injuries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diagnostic Errors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fractures, Bone", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spinal Injuries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Time Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "prospective studies", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-04T10:47:30Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-04T10:47:30Z" } }, { "key": "NKBMNW8U", "version": 7404, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/NKBMNW8U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/NKBMNW8U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Demetriades et al.", "parsedDate": "2000-04", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "NKBMNW8U", "version": 7404, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Nonskeletal cervical spine injuries: epidemiology and diagnostic pitfalls", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D", "lastName": "Demetriades" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K", "lastName": "Charalambides" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Chahwan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D", "lastName": "Hanpeter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K", "lastName": "Alo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G", "lastName": "Velmahos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Murray" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Asensio" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND\n\nCervical spine injuries are the most commonly missed severe injuries with serious implications for the patient and physician. The diagnosis of subluxations or spinal cord injuries in the absence of vertebral fractures, especially in unevaluable patients, poses a major challenge. The objective of this study was to study the incidence and type of cervical spine trauma according to mechanism of injury; identify problems and pitfalls in the diagnosis of nonskeletal cervical spine injuries.\n\n\nMETHODS\n\nRetrospective study of all C-spine injuries caused by traffic accidents or falls admitted over a 5-year period at a large Level I trauma center. Data were obtained from the trauma registry, review of patient charts, and radiology reports.\n\n\nRESULTS\n\nDuring the study period, there were 14,755 admissions due to traffic injuries or falls who met trauma center criteria. There were 292 patients with C-spine injuries, for an overall incidence of 2.0% (3.4% in car occupants, 2.8% for pedestrians, 1.9% for motorcycle riders, and 0.9% for falls). The incidence of C-spine injuries in patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 to 15 was 1.4%, 9 to 12 was 6.8%, and in < or =8 was 10.2% (p < 0.05). Of C-spine injuries, 85.6% (250 patients) were a vertebral fracture, 10.6% of the injuries (31 patients) were subluxation without fractures, and 3.8% (11 patients) were an isolated spinal cord injury without fracture or subluxation. Of the 31 patients with isolated subluxations, one-third required an early endotracheal intubation before clinical evaluation of the spine, because of associated severe head injury or hypotension. Adequate lateral C-spine films diagnosed or suspected 30 of the 31 subluxations (96.8%). The combination of plain films and computed tomographic (CT) scan diagnosed or suspected all injuries. Of the 11 patients with isolated cord injury, 27.3% required early intubation before clinical evaluation of the spine. The diagnosis of cord injury was made on admission in only five patients (45.5%). In three patients, the neurologic examination on admission was normal and neurologic deficits appeared a few hours later. In the remaining three patients (two intubated, one intoxicated), the diagnosis was missed clinically and radiologically.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\n\nIsolated nonskeletal C-spine injuries are rare but potentially catastrophic because of the high incidence of neurologic deficits and missed diagnosis. In subluxations, the combination of an adequate lateral film and CT scan was reliable in diagnosing or highly suspecting the injury. A large prospective study is needed to confirm these findings, before a recommendation is made to remove the cervical collar if the findings of these investigations are normal. However, in isolated cord injuries, the diagnosis was often missed because of associated severe head trauma and the low sensitivity of the plain films and CT scans.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Trauma", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 2000", "volume": "48", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "724-727", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Trauma", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10780608", "accessDate": "2012-06-04T10:44:48Z", "PMID": "10780608", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5282", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Nonskeletal cervical spine injuries", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Accidental Falls", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Accidents, Traffic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cervical Vertebrae", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dislocations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Retrospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spinal Cord Injuries", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-04T10:44:48Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-04T10:44:48Z" } }, { "key": "WD9IUI88", "version": 7404, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/WD9IUI88", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/WD9IUI88", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bell et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-03", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "WD9IUI88", "version": 7404, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Assessing range of motion to evaluate the adverse effects of ill-fitting cervical orthoses", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kevin M", "lastName": "Bell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erik C", "lastName": "Frazier" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charise M", "lastName": "Shively" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert A", "lastName": "Hartman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James C", "lastName": "Ulibarri" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joon Y", "lastName": "Lee" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James D", "lastName": "Kang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "William F", "lastName": "Donaldson" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Although previous studies have primarily focused on testing the effectiveness of cervical orthoses under properly fit conditions, this study focuses on analyzing the effects of an ill-fitted cervical orthosis (Miami J). This may have significance to health-care providers in understanding the effects of an improperly fitted neck brace. PURPOSE: The aims of this study were threefold: first, to apply virtual reality (VR) feedback control to repeatedly measure orthoses effectiveness in the primary motions; second, to use this control methodology to test the orthoses ability to restrict flexion/extension (FE) as a function of axial rotation (AR); third, to test the effects of an ill-fitting Miami J on cervical motion. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This study combines six degrees of freedom electromagnetic trackers and VR feedback to analyze the effectiveness of common cervical orthoses under less than optimal conditions. PATIENT SAMPLE: Twelve healthy male subjects aged 21 to 35 (mean 29.44 years, SD 6.598) years with no previous spinal cord injuries or current neck pain participated in the study. OUTCOME MEASURES: Cervical range of motion (CRoM) measurements were used to determine the amount of motion restriction for each of the fitted (too small, correct size, and too big) Miami J orthoses. METHODS: One Nest of Birds (NOB) electromagnetic sensor (Ascension Technology) was placed on the head and another on the upper back to measure motion of the head relative to the torso. The VR goggles (i-O Display Systems) were worn so that real-time feedback was available to the subject for motion control. The subject executed the primary motions of FE, AR, and lateral bending (LB) in separate sets of five trials each. Next, in combined motion, the subject axially rotated to a set point and then FE to his maximums. This entire set of motions was repeated for each (soft collar, Miami J, Miami J with chest extension, Sternal Occipital Mandibular Immobilizer (AliMed, Inc.), (SOMI and Halo) as well as the Miami J (one size too small and one size too big); the fitting of each brace was done by a board certified orthotist. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine differences between the tested states (*p=.05). RESULTS: For the validation test, the primary motions recorded for subjects wearing each cervical brace, which demonstrated that the various orthoses all restricted CRoM. The soft collar restricted less motion than the other devices, whereas the Halo restricted the most motion throughout. For the ill-fitting cervical collar comparison, motion in the correct size collar was normalized to 1.0, and the correct size allowed less motion than either the too big or too small braces. In FE, the too big brace tended to allow more motion than the too small, but only the too big brace in extension was significantly different from the correct size. In AR, the too small brace seemed to allow more motion than the too big. Both the too big and too small braces were significantly different than the correct size in both left and right AR. In LB, the too big brace and too small brace were very similar in the amount of motion they were able to restrict. Both braces were significantly different than the correct size in right LB, whereas only the too small brace was significantly different from the correct size in left LB. In the combined motion data, both the too big and too small braces allowed more motion than the correct size. The too small brace seemed to allow more FE at all degrees of AR except for extreme right AR. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, the effects of improperly fitted cervical orthoses on CRoM are still unknown. Using the NOB electromagnetic tracking system combined with VR feedback, we were able to consider the motion restriction of ill-fitting Miami J orthoses for both primary and combined motions. For both motion types, increased motion was possible when the subject was improperly fitted with the Miami J. If not considered, these excessive motions could potentially have detrimental effects on patient satisfaction, clinical outcomes, or even lead to increased secondary injury.", "publicationTitle": "The Spine Journal: Official Journal of the North American Spine Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 2009", "volume": "9", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "225-231", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Spine J", "DOI": "10.1016/j.spinee.2008.03.010", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18504164", "accessDate": "2010-04-29T13:55:40Z", "PMID": "18504164", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1878-1632", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Braces", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cervical Vertebrae", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Equipment Design", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Range of Motion, Articular", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Restraint, Physical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "User-Computer Interface", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "collar paper" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-01T07:37:20Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-01T07:37:20Z" } }, { "key": "KGIZ46TT", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/KGIZ46TT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/KGIZ46TT", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/WD9IUI88", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KGIZ46TT", "version": 2, "parentItem": "WD9IUI88", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_file", "title": "Bell et al_2009_Assessing range of motion to evaluate the adverse effects of ill-fitting.pdf", "accessDate": "", "url": "", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Bell et al_2009_Assessing range of motion to evaluate the adverse effects of ill-fitting.pdf", "md5": "cdad96cb34c76bad9fd0983ab2fcce79", "mtime": 1338536241000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-01T07:37:20Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-01T07:37:20Z" } }, { "key": "HJPUUARJ", "version": 7404, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/HJPUUARJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/HJPUUARJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Miller et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-12-15", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "HJPUUARJ", "version": 7404, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The effect of rigid cervical collar height on full, active, and functional range of motion during fifteen activities of daily living", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher P", "lastName": "Miller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jesse E", "lastName": "Bible" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kola A", "lastName": "Jegede" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter G", "lastName": "Whang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonathan N", "lastName": "Grauer" } ], "abstractNote": "STUDY DESIGN.: Laboratory biomechanical experiment. OBJECTIVE.: To evaluate how different anterior cervical collar heights restrict full, active range of motion (ROM), and functional ROM during 15 activities of daily living. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.: Hard cervical collars are commonly used in the clinical setting. Collar fit is presumed to affect immobilization, making neck height an important variable. No prior study has evaluated how different collar heights affect full, active and functional ROM. METHODS.: A previously validated electrogoniometer device was employed to quantify both full, active, and functional ROM. For each of 10 subjects, these ROM measurements were repeated without a collar and with an adjustable, hard collar (Aspen Vista) at each of 6 collar neck height settings. RESULTS.: For each increase in collar height, there was a corresponding decrease in mean full, active ROM of 3.7% (3°) in the sagittal plane (R = 0.91, P = 0.003), 3.9% (3°) in the coronal plane (R = 0.88, P = 0.005), and 2.8% (4°) in the rotational plane (R = 0.86, P = 0.006). For each increase in collar height, there was a corresponding decrease in mean functional ROM across all of the tested activities of daily living of 1.1% (1°) in the sagittal plane (R = 0.90, P = 0.004), 0.4% (0.4°) in the coronal plane (R = 0.86, P = 0.007), and 0.6% (0.5°) in the rotational plane (R = 0.81, P = 0.014). For each increase in collar height, there was a 1.7° increase in mean neck extension while in the neutral position (R = 0.99, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION.: This study suggests that greater cervical collar height for hard cervical collars will better restrict full, active, and functional cervical ROM. However, the change in functional ROM was only about one quarter to that of full active ROM and the clinical significance of this may be questioned. This must be balanced by the fact that this increased collar height forces the neck into greater extension which may not be the most clinical desired or functional position and may cause skin-related issues at the jaw or chest.", "publicationTitle": "Spine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Dec 15, 2010", "volume": "35", "issue": "26", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "E1546-1552", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Spine", "DOI": "10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181cf6f73", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21116218", "accessDate": "2010-12-27T22:57:08Z", "PMID": "21116218", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1528-1159", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "collar paper" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-01T07:35:25Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-01T07:35:25Z" } }, { "key": "D2FWJT6G", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/D2FWJT6G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/D2FWJT6G", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/HJPUUARJ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "D2FWJT6G", "version": 2, "parentItem": "HJPUUARJ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_file", "title": "00007632-201012150-00007.pdf", "accessDate": "", "url": "", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "00007632-201012150-00007.pdf", "md5": "379fde51ac10835a591696adb5186f00", "mtime": 1338536126000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-01T07:35:25Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-01T07:35:25Z" } }, { "key": "B35RZREF", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/B35RZREF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/B35RZREF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/HJPUUARJ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "B35RZREF", "version": 2, "parentItem": "HJPUUARJ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_file", "title": "Miller et al_2010_The effect of rigid cervical collar height on full, active, and functional.pdf", "accessDate": "", "url": "", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Miller et al_2010_The effect of rigid cervical collar height on full, active, and functional.pdf", "md5": "379fde51ac10835a591696adb5186f00", "mtime": 1338536126000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-01T07:35:25Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-01T07:35:25Z" } }, { "key": "TRD8W227", "version": 7404, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/TRD8W227", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/TRD8W227", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hauswald et al.", "parsedDate": "1998-03", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "TRD8W227", "version": 7404, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Out-of-hospital spinal immobilization: its effect on neurologic injury", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Hauswald" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G", "lastName": "Ong" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D", "lastName": "Tandberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Z", "lastName": "Omar" } ], "abstractNote": "To examine the effect of emergency immobilization on neurologic outcome of patients who have blunt traumatic spinal injuries.\nA 5-year retrospective chart review was carried out at 2 university hospitals. All patients with acute blunt traumatic spinal or spinal cord injuries transported directly from the injury site to the hospital were entered. None of the 120 patients seen at the University of Malaya had spinal immobilization during transport, whereas all 334 patients seen at the University of New Mexico did. The 2 hospitals were comparable in physician training and clinical resources. Neurologic injuries were assigned to 2 categories, disabling or not disabling, by 2 physicians acting independently and blinded to the hospital of origin. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression, with hospital location, patient age, gender, anatomic level of injury, and injury mechanism serving as explanatory variables.\nThere was less neurologic disability in the unimmobilized Malaysian patients (OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.03-3.99; p = 0.04). This corresponds to a <2% chance that immobilization has any beneficial effect. Results were similar when the analysis was limited to patients with cervical injuries (OR 1.52; 95% CI 0.64-3.62; p = 0.34).\nOut-of-hospital immobilization has little or no effect on neurologic outcome in patients with blunt spinal injuries.", "publicationTitle": "Academic Emergency Medicine: Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 1998", "volume": "5", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "214-219", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Acad Emerg Med", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9523928", "accessDate": "2010-12-29T18:29:38Z", "PMID": "9523928", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1069-6563", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Out-of-hospital spinal immobilization", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Emergency Medical Services", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Immobilization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Logistic Models", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Retrospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spinal Cord Injuries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spinal Injuries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Transportation of Patients", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Treatment Outcome", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Wounds, Nonpenetrating", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "collar paper" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T12:39:20Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T12:39:20Z" } }, { "key": "UAM88TE6", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/UAM88TE6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/UAM88TE6", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/TRD8W227", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UAM88TE6", "version": 2, "parentItem": "TRD8W227", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_file", "title": "Hauswald et al_1998_Out-of-hospital spinal immobilization.pdf", "accessDate": "", "url": "", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Hauswald et al_1998_Out-of-hospital spinal immobilization.pdf", "md5": "2bb9a09ab5bade5ccb62041c4bedd749", "mtime": 1338467960000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T12:39:20Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T12:39:20Z" } }, { "key": "HQ4TAZDN", "version": 7404, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/HQ4TAZDN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/HQ4TAZDN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "DelRossi et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-09", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "HQ4TAZDN", "version": 7404, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Are scoop stretchers suitable for use on spine-injured patients?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gianluca", "lastName": "DelRossi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Glenn R", "lastName": "Rechtine" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bryan P", "lastName": "Conrad" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marybeth", "lastName": "Horodyski" } ], "abstractNote": "INTRODUCTION\n\nIn the prehospital setting, spine-injured patients must be transferred to a spine board to immobilize the spine. This can be accomplished using both manual techniques and mechanical devices.\n\n\nOBJECTIVES\n\nThe study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the scoop stretcher to limit cervical spine motion as compared to 2 commonly used manual transfer techniques.\n\n\nMETHODS\n\nThree-dimensional angular motion generated across the C5-C6 spinal segment during execution of 2 manual transfer techniques and the application of a scoop stretcher was recorded first on cadavers with intact spines and then repeated after C5-C6 destabilization. A 3-dimensional electromagnetic tracking device was used to measure the maximum angular and linear motion produced during all test sessions.\n\n\nRESULTS\n\nAlthough not statistically significant, the execution of the log roll maneuver created more motion in all directions than either the lift-and-slide technique or with scoop stretcher application. The scoop stretcher and lift-and-slide techniques were able to restrict motion to a comparable degree.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\n\nThe effectiveness of the scoop stretcher to limit spinal motion in the destabilized spine is comparable or better than manual techniques currently being used by primary responders.", "publicationTitle": "The American Journal of Emergency Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 2010", "volume": "28", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "751-756", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Emerg Med", "DOI": "10.1016/j.ajem.2009.03.014", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20837250", "accessDate": "2012-03-12T06:11:30Z", "PMID": "20837250", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1532-8171", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Analysis of Variance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biomechanics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cadaver", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cervical Vertebrae", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electromagnetic Phenomena", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Emergency Medical Services", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Equipment Design", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Immobilization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Moving and Lifting Patients", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Range of Motion, Articular", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rotation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Safety", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spinal Injuries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Transportation of Patients", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-03-12T06:11:30Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-25T00:29:23Z" } }, { "key": "DUITTRMI", "version": 7404, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/DUITTRMI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/DUITTRMI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "DelRossi et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-03", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "DUITTRMI", "version": 7404, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The 6-plus-person lift transfer technique compared with other methods of spine boarding", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gianluca", "lastName": "DelRossi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marybeth H", "lastName": "Horodyski" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bryan P", "lastName": "Conrad" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christian P", "lastName": "Di Paola" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew J", "lastName": "Di Paola" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Glenn R", "lastName": "Rechtine" } ], "abstractNote": "CONTEXT: To achieve full spinal immobilization during on-the-field management of an actual or potential spinal injury, rescuers transfer and secure patients to a long spine board. Several techniques can be used to facilitate this patient transfer. OBJECTIVE: To compare spinal segment motion of cadavers during the execution of the 6-plus-person (6+) lift, lift-and-slide (LS), and logroll (LR) spine-board transfer techniques. DESIGN: Crossover study. SETTING: Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Eight medical professionals (1 woman, 7 men) with 5 to 32 years of experience were enlisted to help carry out the transfer techniques. In addition, test conditions were performed on 5 fresh cadavers (3 males, 2 females) with a mean age of 86.2 +/- 11.4 years. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURE(S): Three-dimensional angular and linear motions initially were recorded during execution of transfer techniques, initially using cadavers with intact spines and then after C5-C6 spinal segment destabilization. The mean maximal linear displacement and angular motion obtained and calculated from the 3 trials for each test condition were included in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Flexion-extension angular motion, as well as anteroposterior and distraction-compression linear motion, did not vary between the LR and either the 6+ lift or LS. Compared with the execution of the 6+ lift and LS, the execution of the LR generated significantly more axial rotation (P = .008 and .001, respectively), more lateral flexion (P = .005 and .003, respectively), and more medial-lateral translation (P = .003 and .004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A small amount of spinal motion is inevitable when executing spine-board transfer techniques; however, the execution of the 6+ lift or LS appears to minimize the extent of motion generated across a globally unstable spinal segment.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Athletic Training", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008 Jan-Mar", "volume": "43", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "6-13", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Athl Train", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18335007", "accessDate": "2009-06-11T16:10:08Z", "PMID": "18335007", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1938-162X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "0014", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Athletic Injuries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cadaver", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cervical Vertebrae", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Immobilization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lifting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Patient Transfer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Posture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spinal Injuries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Transportation of Patients", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:relation": "http://zotero.org/groups/1796/items/ADWJJCPM" }, "dateAdded": "2009-06-11T16:10:08Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-25T00:29:12Z" } }, { "key": "WBGJ7PTD", "version": 7404, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/WBGJ7PTD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/WBGJ7PTD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 29598, "username": "calvin_hu", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calvin_hu", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "DelRossi et al.", "parsedDate": "2004-04-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "WBGJ7PTD", "version": 7404, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Spine-board transfer techniques and the unstable cervical spine", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gianluca", "lastName": "DelRossi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "MaryBeth", "lastName": "Horodyski" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Timothy P", "lastName": "Heffernan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael E", "lastName": "Powers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ronald", "lastName": "Siders" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Denis", "lastName": "Brunt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Glenn R", "lastName": "Rechtine" } ], "abstractNote": "STUDY DESIGN: A repeated-measures design using a cadaveric model was used in this preliminary investigation on the effectiveness of spine-board transfer techniques. OBJECTIVES: To compare the amount of angulation (flexion-extension) motion that results at the cervical spine during the execution of the log-roll maneuver and the lift-and-slide technique; and to examine how changes to the integrity of the cervical spine impacts the amount of motion generated during the transfer process. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Very little research has been performed to establish the efficacy of spine-board transfer techniques. Early studies have indicated that the log-roll maneuver may not be appropriate for transferring victims with thoracolumbar injuries. Also, there has not been a single study that has reported the impact of transfer techniques on the unstable cervical spine. This lack of data necessitated the present study. METHODS: Four groups (with six participants each) were asked to execute the log-roll maneuver and the lift-and-slide technique on five cadavers. An electromagnetic motion analysis device was used to assess the amount of angulation motion generated at the C5-C6 segment during the execution of these transfer techniques. To examine how changes to the integrity of the cervical spine impacts the amount of motion that is produced during the transfer process, flexion-extension motion was assessed under various conditions: across a stable C5-C6 segment, after the creation of a posterior ligamentous injury, and after a complete segmental injury. RESULTS: No significant differences in angulation motion were noted between transfer techniques. However, significant differences were noted between all three injury conditions. That is, as the severity of the injury increased, the average amount of angulation motion produced at the site of the lesion also increased, regardless of technique. CONCLUSION: The participants of this study were able to restrict flexion-extension motion equally well with thelog-roll maneuver as with the lift-and-slide technique. However, more research is needed to fully ascertain the effectiveness of spine-board transfer techniques.", "publicationTitle": "Spine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 1, 2004", "volume": "29", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "E134-138", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Spine", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087809", "accessDate": "2009-06-15T19:24:39Z", "PMID": "15087809", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1528-1159", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "0024", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biomechanics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cadaver", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cervical Vertebrae", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neck", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neck Injuries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Range of Motion, Articular", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stress, Mechanical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Transportation of Patients", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Trauma Severity Indices", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:relation": "http://zotero.org/groups/1796/items/ADWJJCPM" }, "dateAdded": "2009-06-15T19:24:39Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-25T00:28:59Z" } }, { "key": "BJ9XSJWP", "version": 7404, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/BJ9XSJWP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/BJ9XSJWP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "DelRossi et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-06-15", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "BJ9XSJWP", "version": 7404, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Transferring patients with thoracolumbar spinal instability: are there alternatives to the log roll maneuver?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gianluca", "lastName": "DelRossi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "MaryBeth", "lastName": "Horodyski" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bryan P", "lastName": "Conrad" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christian P", "lastName": "DiPaola" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew J", "lastName": "DiPaola" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Glenn R", "lastName": "Rechtine" } ], "abstractNote": "STUDY DESIGN: Using a cadaveric model, the amount of spinal motion generated during the execution of various prehospital transfer techniques was evaluated using a crossover study design. OBJECTIVE: To assess the quantity of segmental motion generated across a globally unstable thoracolumbar spine during the execution of the log roll (LR), lift-and-slide, and 6-plus-person (6+) lift. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The LR has been reported to be inappropriate for transferring patients with thoracolumbar injuries. Although potentially safer methods have been identified for use with cervical spine injuries, alternatives to the LR have not been recognized in the case of thoracolumbar injuries. METHODS.: Three-dimensional angular motion was recorded across the T12-L2 vertebrae during execution of 3 transfer techniques using cadavers with intact spines and then repeated following an L1 corpectomy. Using a three-dimensional electromagnetic tracking device, the maximum angular motion was measured 3 times for each technique, and the mean value from the 3 trials was included in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Statistical tests revealed that there was a significant difference in axial rotation between the LR and lift-and-slide (P = 0.008) but only when these were executed in the presence of a destabilized T12-L1 segment. In addition, analysis of lateral flexion data identified a main effect for technique with the LR generating greater motion than either lifting technique. Finally, no significant difference was noted for flexion-extension among techniques. CONCLUSION: The execution of the LR maneuver tends to generate more motion than either of the lifting methods examined in this investigation. More research is needed to identify the safest possible method for transferring or moving patients with thoracolumbar instability.", "publicationTitle": "Spine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jun 15, 2008", "volume": "33", "issue": "14", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1611-1615", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Spine", "DOI": "10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181788683", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18552678", "accessDate": "2009-06-11T16:10:00Z", "PMID": "18552678", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1528-1159", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Transferring patients with thoracolumbar spinal instability", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "0007", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biomechanics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cross-Over Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Joint Instability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lifting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lumbar Vertebrae", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spinal Injuries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Thoracic Vertebrae", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Transportation of Patients", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:relation": "http://zotero.org/groups/1796/items/ADWJJCPM" }, "dateAdded": "2009-06-11T16:10:00Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-25T00:28:51Z" } }, { "key": "BXAGMNAA", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/BXAGMNAA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/BXAGMNAA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Conrad et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BXAGMNAA", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Motion in the unstable cervical spine when spineboarding a prone patient", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bryan P.", "lastName": "Conrad" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marybeth H", "lastName": "Horodyski" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Diana L", "lastName": "Marchese" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark L.", "lastName": "Prasarn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gianluca", "lastName": "Del Rossi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Glenn R, II", "lastName": "Rechtine" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "SpineWeek", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "Amsterdam, NL", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-04-20T15:25:28Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-20T15:28:06Z" } }, { "key": "PVH9DXGH", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/PVH9DXGH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/PVH9DXGH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Prasarn et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PVH9DXGH", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Total Motion Generated in the Unstable Cervical Spine During Management of the Typical Trauma Patient: A Comparison of Methods in a Cadaver Model", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark L", "lastName": "Prasarn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bryan P", "lastName": "Conrad" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "MaryBeth", "lastName": "Horodyski" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Glenn R.", "lastName": "Rechtine" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Spine (Phila Pa 1976)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "In Press", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-04-20T14:57:37Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-20T15:16:05Z" } }, { "key": "5HH4F34V", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/5HH4F34V", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/5HH4F34V", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/388VBJFD", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5HH4F34V", "version": 2, "parentItem": "388VBJFD", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_file", "title": "Swartz et al_2009_National athletic trainers' association position statement.pdf", "accessDate": "", "url": "", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Swartz et al_2009_National athletic trainers' association position statement.pdf", "md5": "1a45a6f1461c19dc141063a8b069eb71", "mtime": 1330903250000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-03-04T23:20:50Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-14T23:44:34Z" } }, { "key": "V73C9RSW", "version": 7405, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/V73C9RSW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/V73C9RSW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ben-Galim et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-08", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "V73C9RSW", "version": 7405, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Extrication collars can result in abnormal separation between vertebrae in the presence of a dissociative injury", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peleg", "lastName": "Ben-Galim" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Niv", "lastName": "Dreiangel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kenneth L", "lastName": "Mattox" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charles A", "lastName": "Reitman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S Babak", "lastName": "Kalantar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John A", "lastName": "Hipp" } ], "abstractNote": "Cervical collars are applied to millions of trauma victims with the intent of protecting against secondary spine injuries. Adverse clinical outcomes during the management of trauma patients led to the hypothesis that extrication collars may be harmful in some cases. The literature provides indirect support for this observation. The purpose of this study was to directly evaluate cervical biomechanics after application of a cervical collar in the presence of severe neck injury.\nCranial-caudal displacements in the upper cervical spine were measured in cadavers from images taken before and after application of collars following creation of an unstable upper cervical spine injury.\nIn the presence of severe injury, collar application resulted in 7.3 mm +/- 4.0 mm of separation between C1 and C2 in a cadaver model. In general, collars had the effect of pushing the head away from the shoulders.\nThis study was consistent with previous evidence that extrication collars can result in abnormal distraction within the upper cervical spine in the presence of a severe injury. These observations support the need to prioritize additional research to better understand the risks and benefits of cervical stabilization methods and to determine whether improved stabilization methods can help to avoid potentially harmful displacements between vertebrae.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Trauma", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Aug 2010", "volume": "69", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "447-450", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Trauma", "DOI": "10.1097/TA.0b013e3181be785a", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093981", "accessDate": "2011-01-03T19:53:21Z", "PMID": "20093981", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1529-8809", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { 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"2012-04-11T12:40:30Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-11T12:40:30Z" } }, { "key": "7IP4JW9D", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/7IP4JW9D", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/7IP4JW9D", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/324WTBXC", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7IP4JW9D", "version": 1, "parentItem": "324WTBXC", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_file", "title": "_2011_Cervical spinal trauma in children and adults.pdf", "accessDate": "", "url": "", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "_2011_Cervical spinal trauma in children and adults.pdf", "md5": "9f2ddf8bcc6fb820a531ee4a813cda66", "mtime": 1333547948561, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-04-04T14:49:43Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-04T14:51:06Z" } }, { "key": "324WTBXC", "version": 7405, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 1796, "name": "SpineResearchGroup", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/1796/items/324WTBXC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spineresearchgroup/items/324WTBXC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5888, "username": "bconrad", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bconrad", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2011-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "324WTBXC", "version": 7405, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Cervical spinal trauma in children and adults: perioperative considerations", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2011", "volume": "19", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "581; author reply 581-582", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21980022", "accessDate": "2012-04-04T13:58:56Z", "PMID": "21980022", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1067-151X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Cervical spinal trauma in children and adults", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Cervical Vertebrae", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", 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