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We therefore investigated the effects of Curcuma comosa on the expression of atherosclerosis-related cytokine genes in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet.\n\n\nMATERIALS AND METHODS\n\nTwelve male New Zealand White rabbits were treated with 1.0% cholesterol for one month and were subsequently treated with 0.5% cholesterol either alone, or in combination with 5mg/kg/day of simvastatin or with 400mg/kg/day of Curcuma comosa powder for three months. The expression of IL-1, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β in the isolated abdominal aorta and liver were determined by real-time RT-PCR. Liver toxicity was determined by hepatic enzyme activity.\n\n\nRESULTS\n\nCurcuma comosa significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to a stronger reduction in IL-1, MCP-1, and TNF-α expression compared to that was suppressed by simvastatin treatment. However, neither Curcuma comosa nor simvastatin affected the expression of anti-inflammation cytokines. In the liver, Curcuma comosa insignificantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and significantly increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 without altering the activity of hepatic enzymes. In contrast, simvastatin significantly increased the MCP-1 and TNF-α expressions and serum ALT level, without affecting the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\n\nIn this study, we demonstrated that Curcuma comosa exerts anti-inflammatory activity in the aorta and liver without causing liver toxicity, indicating that Curcuma comosa is a potential candidate as an alternative agent in cardiovascular disease therapy.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Ethnopharmacology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 12, 2011", "volume": "134", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "608-613", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Ethnopharmacol", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.006", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21232590", "accessDate": "2012-03-19T01:40:37Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1872-7573", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 21232590", "tags": [ { "tag": "Animals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aorta, Abdominal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Atherosclerosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Base Sequence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cholesterol, Dietary", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Curcuma", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cytokines", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "DNA Primers", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hypercholesterolemia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Liver", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Liver Function Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Plants, Medicinal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rabbits", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-28T20:31:29Z", "dateModified": "2013-06-28T20:31:29Z" } }, { "key": "9JUIUMIC", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 179189, "name": "prueba sesion trabajo colaborativo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/prueba_sesion_trabajo_colaborativo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/179189/items/9JUIUMIC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/prueba_sesion_trabajo_colaborativo/items/9JUIUMIC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 258482, "username": "Dr.Hoyos", "name": "William Andres Hoyos Arango", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dr.hoyos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cavagnaro and Galmarini", "parsedDate": "2012-09-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9JUIUMIC", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effect of Processing and Cooking Conditions on Onion (Allium cepa L.) Induced Antiplatelet Activity and Thiosulfinate Content", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pablo F.", "lastName": "Cavagnaro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Claudio R.", "lastName": "Galmarini" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012-09-05", "volume": "60", "issue": "35", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "8731-8737", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1021/jf301793b", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf301793b", "accessDate": "2013-03-23T23:06:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0021-8561, 1520-5118", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-28T20:31:29Z", "dateModified": "2013-06-28T20:31:29Z" } }, { "key": "5XFEXUCK", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 179189, "name": "prueba sesion trabajo colaborativo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/prueba_sesion_trabajo_colaborativo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/179189/items/5XFEXUCK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/prueba_sesion_trabajo_colaborativo/items/5XFEXUCK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 258482, "username": "Dr.Hoyos", "name": "William Andres Hoyos Arango", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dr.hoyos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Minor et al.", "parsedDate": "1990-12-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "5XFEXUCK", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Diet-induced atherosclerosis increases the release of nitrogen oxides from rabbit aorta.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R L", "lastName": "Minor" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P R", "lastName": "Myers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Guerra" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J N", "lastName": "Bates" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D G", "lastName": "Harrison" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Clinical Investigation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1990-12-1", "volume": "86", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2109-2116", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1172/JCI114949", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jci.org/articles/view/114949", "accessDate": "2012-06-30T14:28:04Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0021-9738", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-28T20:31:29Z", "dateModified": "2013-06-28T20:31:29Z" } }, { "key": "6EVZUWJ2", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 179189, "name": "prueba sesion trabajo colaborativo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/prueba_sesion_trabajo_colaborativo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/179189/items/6EVZUWJ2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/prueba_sesion_trabajo_colaborativo/items/6EVZUWJ2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 258482, "username": "Dr.Hoyos", "name": "William Andres Hoyos Arango", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dr.hoyos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Creager et al.", "parsedDate": "2003-09-23", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "6EVZUWJ2", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Diabetes and Vascular Disease Pathophysiology, Clinical Consequences, and Medical Therapy: Part I", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark A.", "lastName": "Creager" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas F.", "lastName": "Lüscher" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francesco", "lastName": "Cosentino" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joshua A.", "lastName": "Beckman" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Circulation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "09/23/2003", "volume": "108", "issue": "12", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1527-1532", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Circulation", "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.0000091257.27563.32", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/108/12/1527", "accessDate": "2012-05-08T02:44:22Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0009-7322, 1524-4539", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Diabetes and Vascular Disease Pathophysiology, Clinical Consequences, and Medical Therapy", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "circ.ahajournals.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-28T20:31:29Z", "dateModified": "2013-06-28T20:31:29Z" } }, { "key": "BDUXQGA7", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 179189, "name": "prueba sesion trabajo colaborativo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/prueba_sesion_trabajo_colaborativo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/179189/items/BDUXQGA7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/prueba_sesion_trabajo_colaborativo/items/BDUXQGA7", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/179189/items/VJSUVRHX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 258482, "username": "Dr.Hoyos", "name": "William 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hipertension arterial y ajo dosis 200mg

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-28T20:31:29Z", "dateModified": "2013-06-28T20:31:29Z" } }, { "key": "P9WD79V4", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 179189, "name": "prueba sesion trabajo colaborativo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/prueba_sesion_trabajo_colaborativo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/179189/items/P9WD79V4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/prueba_sesion_trabajo_colaborativo/items/P9WD79V4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 258482, "username": "Dr.Hoyos", "name": "William Andres Hoyos Arango", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dr.hoyos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Traish et al.", "parsedDate": "2003-05-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "P9WD79V4", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effects of Medical or Surgical Castration on Erectile Function in an Animal Model", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Abdulmaged M.", "lastName": "Traish" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ricardo", "lastName": "Munarriz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Luke", "lastName": "O'Connell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Seong", "lastName": "Choi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Soo Woong", "lastName": "Kim" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Noel N.", "lastName": "Kim" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yue-Hua", "lastName": "Huang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Irwin", "lastName": "Goldstein" } ], "abstractNote": "The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of medical castration (luteinizing hormone-receptor hormone [LH-RH] agonist treatment) or surgical castration on erectile function in an animal model. New Zealand White male rabbits were either kept intact (control); surgically orchiectomized; or treated for 2, 4, or 8 weeks with the LH-RH agonist leuprolide acetate (107 {micro}g/kg/mo). At 2 weeks, plasma testosterone levels of orchiectomized and leuprolide acetate-treated animals were 12.8% and 57.4% of intact control animals, respectively. Erectile function was assessed by continuously recording systemic arterial pressure (SAP) and intracavernosal blood pressure (ICP) and determining the ICP:SAP ratios in response to electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve at varying frequencies (2.5-32 Hz). Androgen deprivation by surgical (orchiectomy) or medical (leuprolide acetate) castration reduced ICP at all frequencies tested but did not alter SAP. Administration of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor vardenafil (10 {micro}g/kg) did not enhance ICP in surgically orchiectomized or leuprolide acetate-treated animals. Nitric oxide synthase and arginase activities in the corpus cavernosum were not significantly altered by surgical or medical castration. Further, Masson trichrome staining of erectile tissue from androgen-ablated animals showed a reduction in smooth muscle content. These data demonstrate that androgen deprivation achieved by surgical or medical castration adversely affects penile hemodynamics and erectile function without producing significant changes in the activities of nitric oxide synthase or arginase. We conclude that androgen deprivation produces structural alterations in the corpus cavernosum leading to corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction.", "publicationTitle": "J Androl", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mayo 1, 2003", "volume": "24", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "381-387", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.andrologyjournal.org/cgi/content/abstract/24/3/381", "accessDate": "2012-07-16T23:38:46Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "HighWire", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-28T20:31:29Z", "dateModified": "2013-06-28T20:31:29Z" } }, { "key": "PAX7U8ZK", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 179189, "name": "prueba sesion trabajo colaborativo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/prueba_sesion_trabajo_colaborativo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/179189/items/PAX7U8ZK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/prueba_sesion_trabajo_colaborativo/items/PAX7U8ZK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 258482, "username": "Dr.Hoyos", "name": "William Andres Hoyos Arango", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dr.hoyos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hammami et al.", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PAX7U8ZK", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effects of Garlic Fractions Consumption on Male Reproductive Functions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Imen", "lastName": "Hammami" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Afef", "lastName": "Nahdi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fatma", "lastName": "Atig" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wided", "lastName": "Kouidhi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mohamed", "lastName": "Amri" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mehrzia", "lastName": "Mokni" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ahmed El", "lastName": "May" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michèle El", "lastName": "May" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Medicinal Food", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "01/2013", "volume": "16", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "82-87", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1089/jmf.2011.0335", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/jmf.2011.0335", "accessDate": "2013-03-23T23:06:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1096-620X, 1557-7600", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-28T20:31:29Z", "dateModified": "2013-06-28T20:31:29Z" } }, { "key": "VJSUVRHX", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 179189, "name": "prueba sesion trabajo colaborativo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/prueba_sesion_trabajo_colaborativo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/179189/items/VJSUVRHX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/prueba_sesion_trabajo_colaborativo/items/VJSUVRHX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 258482, "username": "Dr.Hoyos", "name": "William Andres Hoyos Arango", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dr.hoyos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hammami et al.", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "VJSUVRHX", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effects of Garlic Fractions Consumption on Male Reproductive Functions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Imen", "lastName": "Hammami" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Afef", "lastName": "Nahdi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fatma", "lastName": "Atig" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wided", "lastName": "Kouidhi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mohamed", "lastName": "Amri" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mehrzia", "lastName": "Mokni" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ahmed El", "lastName": "May" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michèle El", "lastName": "May" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Medicinal Food", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "01/2013", "volume": "16", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "82-87", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", 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