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            "note": "Highly fluorescent polymer particles were prepared with Eu beta-diketonates complex as a fluorophore by miniemulsion polymerization technique. Eu beta-diketonates complex has a long decay time, a large Stokes shift, and very narrow emission bands in comparison with other orgranic fluorescent compounds. Aqueous miniemulsion was prepared by mixing monomer, crosslinker, hydrophobe, and Eu beta-diketonates complex and then putting the Mixture into an aqueous solution of surfactant, followed by ultrasonication. An aqueous solution of initiator was added to the miniemulsion to obtain fluorescent polymer particles, which were monodispersed without aggregation. Particle size was decreased to deca-nano scale by increasing the amount of surfactant. Fluorescent intensity was increased by Using Eu beta-complex coordinated with additional ligand. Further fluorescence quantum yields and fluorescent properties ill the presence of DNA were investigated to the confirm superiority of Eu beta-diketonates complexes in polymer particles. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
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            "note": "Understanding and controlling nanoscale morphology is crucial to the performance of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells, as well as other optoelectronic devices such as polymer light-emitting diodes, field-effect transistors, and sensors. In photovoltaic devices, optimum blend morphologies must be commensurate with the nanometer length scales of exciton diffusion and charge separation. We report on a generally applicable method of optimizing the phase segregation in polymer-polymer bulk heterojunctions based on tuning mixtures of low and high boiling point solvents. We have characterized the resulting blend morphologies with nanometer resolution using a transient absorption technique that probes the distribution of paths traveled by the excitons themselves prior to generating charges at an interface. Photovoltaic efficiencies are accounted for in terms of exciton diffusion, geminate pair separation, and polymer ordering, all of which are sensitive to the nanoscale morphology determined by the composition of the solvent mixture.",
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            "note": "We report the synthesis, the structural and optical characterization of CdSe/CdS/ZnS \"double shell\" nanorods and their exploitation in cell labeling experiments. To synthesize such nanorods, first \"dot-in-a-rod\" CdSe(dot)/CdS(rod) core/shell nanocrystals were prepared. Then a ZnS shell was grown epitaxially over these CdSe/CdS nanorods, which led to a fluorescence quantum yield of the final core-shell-shell nanorods that could be as high as 75%. The quantum efficiency was correlated with the aspect ratio of the nanorods and with the thickness of the ZnS shell around the starting CdSe/CdS rods, which varied from 1 to 4 monolayers (as supported by a combination of X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis). Pump-probe and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements confirmed the reduction of trapping at CdS surface due to the presence of the ZnS shell, which resulted in more efficient photoluminescence. These double shell nanorods have potential applications as fluorescent biological labels, as we found that they are brighter in cell imaging as compared to the starting CdSe/CdS nanorods and to the CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, therefore a lower amount of material is required to label the cells. Concerning their cytotoxicity, according to the MTT assay, the double shell nanorods were less toxic than the starting core/shell nanorods and than the CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, although the latter still exhibited a lower intracellular toxicity than both nanorod samples.",
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            "note": "<p>In recent years, silica coating has been extensively investigated to fabricate the biocompatible interface of quantum dots (QDs) for biomedical applications. We here describe a facile and efficient method of synthesizing high-quality silica-coated CdSeS QDs (CdSeS QD/SiO2), where an immediate photoluminescence-favorable microenvironment is first created by assembling amphiphilic molecules around the CdSeS core, and a thin silica shell is further introduced to protect this hydrophobic interlayer, The prepared CdSeS QD/SiO2 exhibits excellent properties such as good water solubility, low cytotoxicity, and high quantum yield (QY, up to 0.49) as well as the resistance of photobleaching in aqueous solution. Also, the CdSeS QD/SiO2 nanoparticles homogeneously comprise single CdSeS cores and hold a comparatively small size up to about 11 nm in diameter. Particularly, this method leads to a significant increase in QY as compared to the uncoated CdSeS QDs (similar to 109%, of the initial QY), though only thin silica shells formed in the CdSeS QD/SiO2 structure. By coupling with folic acids, the CdSeS QD/SiO2 conjugates were successfully used for tumor cell labeling. Our results demonstrated a robust hydrophobic QDs-based approach for preparing highly photoluminescent, biocompatible QD/SiO2 through creation of a stable hydrophobic interlayer surrounding the QD cores, which could be also suitable for silica coating of other kinds of hydrophobic nanoparticles.</p>",
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            "note": "We have developed a method of independently tailoring the macro- and mesoporous structres in titania (TiO2) monoliths in order to achieve liquid chromatographic separations of phosphorous-containing compounds Anatase TiO2 monolithic gels with well-defined bicontinuous macropores and microstructured skeletons are obtained via the sol-gel process in strongly acidic conditions using poly(ethylene oxide) as a phase separator and N-methylformamide as a proton scavenger Aging treatment of (lie wet gels in the mother liquor at temperatures of 100-200 degrees C and subsequent heat treatment at 400 degrees C allow the formation and control of mesoporous structures with uniform pore size distributions in the gel skeletons, without disturbing the preformed macroporous morphology The monolithic TiO2 rod columns with bimodal macro-mesoporous structures possess the phospho-sensitivity and exhibit excellent chromatographic separations of phosphorus-containing compounds (C) 2009 Elsevier B V. All rights reserved.",
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            "note": "We report here on the preparation of monolithic capillary columns in view to their integration in a microsystem for on-chip sample preparation before their on-line analysis by electrospray and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). These monolithic columns are based on polymer materials and consist of reverse phases for peptide separation and/or desalting. They were prepared using lauryl methacrylate (LMA), ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) as well as a suitable porogenic mixture composed of cyclohexanol and ethylene glycol. The resulting stationary phases present thus a C12-functionality. The LMA-based columns were first prepared in a capillary format using capillary tubing of 75 mum i.d. and tested in nanoLC-MS experiments for the separation of a commercial Cytochrome C digest composed of 12 peptidic fragments whose isoelectric point values and hydrophobic character cover a wide range. The LMA-based columns were capable of separating the peptidic fragments and their performances were seen to be similar as those of standard commercial columns dedicated to proteomic purposes with calculated separation efficiencies up to 145 x 10(3) plates/m. Monolithic LMA-based phases were then successfully polymerized in microchannels fabricated using the negative photoresist SU-8. After the polymerization, the systems were seen to withstand the pressures applied during the nanoLC-MS separation tests that were carried out in the same conditions as for the monolithic capillary columns. The pressure drop during these tests of the in-microchannel monoliths was as high as 50 bar; however, the separation was not as good as for a capillary format which could be accounted for by the monolith dimensions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
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            "note": "Single-photon behavior in the emission from a single nanoparticle consisting of a single poly[2-methoxy5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV, molecular weight: 2.600,000 amu) chain has been investigated. Photon correlation measurements of a number of single nanoparticles revealed that the probability of single-photon emission from the single nanoparticles clearly increases, compared with that of single chains embedded in host polymer matrices, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS). The result suggested that even a single MEH-PPV chain with high molecular weight, which does not exhibit single-photon emission in PMMA and PS, is forced to exhibit single-photon emission by adopting \"compact\" chain conformation like nanoparticle. Efficient exciton migration and exciton annihilation processes in the compact chain conformation most probably result in the efficient single-photon emission from the single nanoparticle. The present results indicate that multi-quantum systems consisting of a large number of chromophores, such as the MEH-PPV, can be made to behave as single-photon sources by appropriately controlling their size. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved",
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            "note": "Long chain branching (LCB) is most often incorporated into polymeric materials to enhance rheology and processing. Presently, the characterization of LCB in polymers is limited to the determination of the number of long chain branches per molecule. The ability to characterize other branching parameters such as the molecular weight of the branch and the shape of the branched molecule (star, comb, \"T\", \"H\", etc.)would have considerable value in material design. A new fractionation method, molecular topology fractionation (MTF), is described herein for the separation of polymer molecules based on LCB topology. This first successful practice of MTF uses monolithic columns to create a tortuous path having macropores or flow-through channels of the order of polymer molecular dimensions as the separation medium. Because long chain branched molecules are retained more than linear molecules of the same size, the method can be used to separate branched from linear chains. Performed in a thermodynamically good solvent, the key parameters influencing the onset of MTF include flow rate, macropore dimensions, and molecular weight of the polymer to be separated. The onset of the MTF mechanism is characterized by a flow rate-dependent reversal in the elution order of narrow molecular weight polystyrene standards, denoting a distinct change in retention mechanism. Below the reversal point, retention consistent with a hydrodynamic chromatography mechanism is active. Above the reversal point, a new mechanism yields increased retention with increasing molecular weight.",
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            "note": "Visual color changes between 300 and 510 K were observed in the photoluminescence (PL) of colloidal InP/ZnS core-shell nanocrystals. A subsequent study of PL spectra in the range 2-510 K and fitting the temperature dependent line shift and line width to theoretical models show that the dominant (dephasing) interaction is due to scattering by acoustic phonons of about 23 meV. Low temperature photoluminescence excitation measurements show that the excitonic band gap depends approximately inversely linearly on the quantum dot size of, which is distinctly weaker than the dependence predicted by current theories.",
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            "note": "To generate white light using semiconductor nanocrystal (NC) quantum dots integrated on light emitting diodes (LEDs), multiple hybrid device parameters (emission wavelengths of the NCs and the excitation platform, order of the NCs with different sizes, amount of the different types of NCs, etc) need to be carefully designed and properly implemented. In this study, we introduce and demonstrate white LEDs based on simple device hybridization using only a single type of white emitting CdS quantum dot nanoluminophores on near-ultraviolet LEDs. Here we present their design, synthesis-growth, fabrication and characterization. With these hybrid devices, we achieve high color rendering index (> 70), despite using only a single NC type. Furthermore, we conveniently tune their photometric properties including the chromaticity coordinates, correlated color temperature, and color rendering index with the number of hybridized nanoluminophores in a controlled manner.",
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            "note": "Nizamoglu, Sedat Mutlugun, Evren Akyuz, Ozgun Perkgoz, Nihan Kosku Demir, Hilmi Volkan Liebscher, Lydia Sapra, Sameer Gaponik, Nikolai Eychmueller, Alexander\n27\nIOP PUBLISHING LTD\nBRISTOL\n270HY",
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            "note": "The synthesis of three Paeonol Schiff base ligand and their Zn(II) complexes are reported. The complexes were fully characterized by IR, H-1 NMR, elemental analysis and molar conductivity. The experiment results show the three Zn(II) complexes can emit bright fluorescence at room temperature in DMF solution and solid state. The fluorescence quantum yields (Phi) of three Schiff base ligands and their Zn(II) complexes were calculated using quinine sulfate as the reference with a known Phi(R) of 0.546 in 1.0N sulfuric acid. Furthermore, in order to develop these Zn(II) complexes' biological value, the antioxidant activities against hydroxyl radicals (OH center dot) were evaluated. The results show the three complexes possess excellent ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
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