[ { "key": "BWFUPBV3", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/BWFUPBV3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/BWFUPBV3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kirby et al.", "parsedDate": "1999", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BWFUPBV3", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.N.", "lastName": "Kirby" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.M.", "lastName": "Petry" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W.K.", "lastName": "Bickel" } ], "abstractNote": "Fifty-six heroin addicts and 60 age-matched controls were offered choices between monetary rewards ($11-$80) available immediately and larger rewards ($25-$85) available after delays ranging from 1 week to 6 months. Participants had a 1-in-6 chance of winning a reward that they chose on one randomly selected trial. Delay-discounting rates were estimated from the pattern of participants' choices. The discounting model of impulsiveness (Ainslie, 1975) implies that delay-discounting rates are positively correlated with impulsiveness. On average, heroin addicts' discount rates were twice those of controls (p = .004), and discount rates were positively correlated with impulsivity as measured by self-report questionnaires (p < .05). The results lend external validity to the delay-discounting rate as a measure of impulsiveness, a characteristic associated with substance abuse.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Experimental Psychology: General", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1999", "volume": "128", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "78-87", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033091170&partnerID=40&md5=32ea079cd79f01ab1e5c7e1a50cd099e", "accessDate": "2011-01-10T23:11:04Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Scopus", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-10T23:11:04Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-10T23:11:04Z" } }, { "key": "3IB523R5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/3IB523R5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/3IB523R5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Acheson and {de Wit}", "parsedDate": "2008-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3IB523R5", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Bupropion improves attention but does not affect impulsive behavior in healthy young adults", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ashley", "lastName": "Acheson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Harriet", "lastName": "{de Wit}" } ], "abstractNote": "Bupropion is an effective abstinence aid for cessation of smoking and possibly other drug use as well. There is evidence that bupropion improves attention and impulse control in certain patient populations, and improvements in these processes could mediate its efficacy as an abstinence aid. In the present study, we tested the effects of acute bupropion on measures of attention and impulsivity in healthy adults with d-amphetamine included as a positive control. Twenty-two nonsmokers (11 women) and 11 smokers (4 women) completed four 4-hr sessions where they received placebo, bupropion (150 or 300 mg), or d-amphetamine (20 mg) in capsules. Ninety minutes after capsule administration, participants were tested on attention with a simple reaction time task (SRT) and on impulsivity with the stop task, a delay and probability discounting task (DPD), and the balloon analogue risk task (BART). Participants also completed mood questionnaires during sessions. Bupropion (150 mg) decreased lapses in attention on the SRT, but did not affect performance on the stop task, DPD, or BART. Amphetamine decreased lapses in attention and speeded sensory motor processing time on the SRT but did not significantly affect responding on the stop task or DPD. On the BART, d-amphetamine tended to decrease risk taking in men but increased risk taking in women. Bupropion (300 mg) and d-amphetamine increased ratings of arousal. These results suggest that bupropion improves attention without affecting impulsive behavior in healthy adults. Improvements in attention may contribute to the effectiveness of bupropion as a pharmacotherapy for smoking.", "publicationTitle": "Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 2008", "volume": "16", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "113-123", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Exp Clin Psychopharmacol", "DOI": "10.1037/1064-1297.16.2.113", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18489015", "accessDate": "2010-12-05T22:34:45Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1064-1297", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 18489015", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Affect", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Attention", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bupropion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Double-Blind Method", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulsive Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Indoles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Questionnaires", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Smoking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Smoking Cessation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-12-05T22:34:45Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-09T23:50:21Z" } }, { "key": "VTTVXCST", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/VTTVXCST", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/VTTVXCST", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Reynolds et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VTTVXCST", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Dimensions of impulsive behavior: Personality and behavioral measures", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brady", "lastName": "Reynolds" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amanda", "lastName": "Ortengren" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jerry B.", "lastName": "Richards" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Harriet", "lastName": "{de Wit}" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Personality and Individual Differences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "40", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "305 - 315", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2005.03.024", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V9F-4H2FXN0-3/2/e546a2f8f10e01277be021295c7ae3c3", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0191-8869", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Human" } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-09T22:20:00Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-09T23:49:39Z" } }, { "key": "ST29FRTF", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/ST29FRTF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/ST29FRTF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Reynolds et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ST29FRTF", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Dimensions of impulsive behavior: Personality and behavioral measures", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brady", "lastName": "Reynolds" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amanda", "lastName": "Ortengren" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jerry B.", "lastName": "Richards" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Harriet", "lastName": "{de Wit}" } ], "abstractNote": "Impulsivity as a behavioral construct encompasses a wide range of what are often considered maladaptive behaviors. Impulsivity has been assessed using a variety of measures, including both self-report personality questionnaires and behavioral tasks, and each of these measures has been further subdivided into separate components which are thought to represent different underlying processes. However, few studies have employed both personality measures and behavioral tasks, and so the relations among these measures are not well understood. In one analysis we examined correlations between three widely used personality measures (i.e., BIS-11, I7, and MPQ) and four laboratory-task measures of impulsive behavior (behavioral inhibition (2), delay discounting, and risk taking) in 70 healthy adult volunteers. The correlations among the various self-report measures were high, but self-reports were not correlated with behavioral-task measures. In a second analysis we performed a principal-components analysis using data from the four behavioral tasks for 99 participants. Two components emerged, labeled \"impulsive disinhibition\" (Stop Task and Go/No-Go task) and \"impulsive decision-making\" (Delay-Discounting task and Balloon Analog Risk Task). Taken collectively, these analyses support other recent findings indicating that self-report and behavioral tasks probably measure different constructs, and suggest that even among the behavioral measures, different tasks measure different, perhaps unrelated, components of impulsive behavior.", "publicationTitle": "Personality and Individual Differences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 2006", "volume": "40", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "305-315", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.paid.2005.03.024", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V9F-4H2FXN0-3/2/e546a2f8f10e01277be021295c7ae3c3", "accessDate": "2010-12-06T04:26:47Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0191-8869", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Dimensions of impulsive behavior", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Correlation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Delay Discounting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Human", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulsivity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Laboratory measures", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Principal component", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Self-report measures", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-12-06T04:26:47Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-09T23:49:28Z" } }, { "key": "QEFFTDK5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/QEFFTDK5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/QEFFTDK5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hamidovic et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QEFFTDK5", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effects of low to moderate acute doses of pramipexole on impulsivity and cognition in healthy volunteers", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ajna", "lastName": "Hamidovic" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Un Jung", "lastName": "Kang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Harriet", "lastName": "{de Wit}" } ], "abstractNote": "The neurotransmitter dopamine is integrally involved in the rewarding effects of drugs, and it has also been thought to mediate impulsive behaviors in animal models. Most of the studies of drug effects on impulsive behaviors in humans have involved drugs with complex actions on different transmitter systems and different receptor subtypes. The present study was designed to characterize the effect of single doses of pramipexole, a D2/D3 agonist, on measures of cognitive and impulsive behavior, as well as on mood in healthy volunteers. Healthy men and women (N = 10) received placebo and 2 doses of pramipexole, 0.25 and 0.50 mg, in a within-subject, double-blinded study. Outcome measures included changes in cognitive performance, assessed by the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics, several behavioral measures related to impulsive behavior, including the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, Delay Discounting Task, Go/No-Go Task, Card Perseveration Task, and subjective ratings of mood assessed by Addiction Research Center Inventory, Profile of Mood States, and Drug Effects Questionnaire. Pramipexole decreased positive ratings of mood (euphoria, intellectual efficiency, and energy) and increased both subjectively reported sedation and behavioral sedation indicated by impaired cognitive performance on several measures of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics. Single low to medium doses of this drug did not produce a decrease in impulsive responding on behavioral measures included in this study. The sedative-like effects observed in this study may reflect presynaptic actions of the drug. Higher doses with postsynaptic actions may be needed to produce either behavioral or subjective stimulant-like effects.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Feb 2008", "volume": "28", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "45-51", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Clin Psychopharmacol", "DOI": "10.1097/jcp.0b013e3181602fab", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18204340", "accessDate": "2010-12-05T22:42:09Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0271-0749", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 18204340", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Affect", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Analysis of Variance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Benzothiazoles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cognition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dopamine Agonists", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Double-Blind Method", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulsive Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reaction Time", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-12-05T22:42:09Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-09T23:49:09Z" } }, { "key": "TM4VSXGT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/TM4VSXGT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/TM4VSXGT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "{de Wit} et al.", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TM4VSXGT", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "IQ and nonplanning impulsivity are independently associated with delay discounting in middle-aged adults", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Harriet", "lastName": "{de Wit}" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Janine D.", "lastName": "Flory" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ashley", "lastName": "Acheson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "McCloskey" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen B.", "lastName": "Manuck" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Personality and Individual Differences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "42", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "111 - 121", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.06.026", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V9F-4KTVNSH-2/2/c1eca25de901f979f65562c60d45404e", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0191-8869", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Demographic" } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-09T23:45:42Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-09T23:48:40Z" } }, { "key": "CI2RSH3F", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/CI2RSH3F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/CI2RSH3F", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zacny and {de Wit}", "parsedDate": "2009-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CI2RSH3F", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The prescription opioid, oxycodone, does not alter behavioral measures of impulsivity in healthy volunteers", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James P", "lastName": "Zacny" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Harriet", "lastName": "{de Wit}" } ], "abstractNote": "This study examined the effects of oral oxycodone, a prescription opioid, on several measures of impulsive behavior in healthy volunteers. Volunteers (n=12) participated in a four-session, double-blind, randomized design in which they received capsules containing oxycodone (5, 10, and 20 mg) or placebo. From 70 min to approximately 120 min after ingesting the capsules, subjects completed five impulsivity tasks: delay and probability discounting task, balloon analogue risk task (BART), go/no-go task, stop task, and simple reaction time test. Mood questionnaires were also completed at fixed time points in the sessions. Oxycodone produced prototypic changes in mood in a dose-related manner, but did not affect performance on any of the impulsivity tasks. Lack of effect on impulsivity stands in contrast to other studies in which other psychoactive drugs including ethanol, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and amphetamine altered behavior on one or more behavioral measures of impulsivity.", "publicationTitle": "Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 2009", "volume": "94", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "108-113", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav", "DOI": "10.1016/j.pbb.2009.07.010", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19660489", "accessDate": "2010-12-05T06:13:49Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1873-5177", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 19660489", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Affect", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Analgesics, Opioid", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Analysis of Variance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Double-Blind Method", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulsive Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Oxycodone", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychological Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Questionnaires", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reward", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Values", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Substance Abuse Detection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Time Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Young Adult", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-12-05T06:13:49Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-09T23:47:18Z" } }, { "key": "BZS28MCE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/BZS28MCE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/BZS28MCE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Reynolds et al.", "parsedDate": "2004-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BZS28MCE", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Therapeutic doses of diazepam do not alter impulsive behavior in humans", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brady", "lastName": "Reynolds" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jerry B", "lastName": "Richards" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michelle", "lastName": "Dassinger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Harriet", "lastName": "{de Wit}" } ], "abstractNote": "This study examined the effects of low, therapeutic doses of diazepam on several measures of impulsive behavior in healthy volunteers. Volunteers (N=35) participated in a three-session double-blind randomized design in which they received diazepam (5 or 10 mg) or placebo. The volunteers were classified as high and low impulsive based on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11). One hour after ingesting the capsule on each session, participants completed mood questionnaires and five impulsivity tasks: go/no-go task, delay discounting task, time estimation task, stop task, and the balloon analogue risk task (BART). Diazepam (5 and 10 mg) produced its prototypic sedative-like mood effects. However, the drug did not affect performance on any of the measures of impulsive behavior in either the high or low BIS participants. These results suggest that low doses of diazepam, including doses that are used therapeutically, do not increase impulsive behavior. Whether higher doses would increase impulsivity remains to be determined.", "publicationTitle": "Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 2004", "volume": "79", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "17-24", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav", "DOI": "10.1016/j.pbb.2004.06.011", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15388279", "accessDate": "2010-12-06T01:24:57Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0091-3057", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 15388279", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Affect", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anti-Anxiety Agents", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diazepam", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Double-Blind Method", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hemodynamics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulsive Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuropsychological Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Questionnaires", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-12-06T01:24:57Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-09T23:46:54Z" } }, { "key": "B3MDHDNN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/B3MDHDNN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/B3MDHDNN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dom et al.", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "B3MDHDNN", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Dimensions of impulsive behaviour in abstinent alcoholics", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Geert", "lastName": "Dom" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bieke De", "lastName": "Wilde" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wouter", "lastName": "Hulstijn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bernard", "lastName": "Sabbe" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Personality and Individual Differences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "42", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "465 - 476", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.08.007", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V9F-4M33VR8-1/2/4528df3764c9a6a631e7eaf117214887", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0191-8869", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Alcohol" }, { "tag": "dependence" } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-09T22:10:38Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-09T22:10:38Z" } }, { "key": "BI6TNJG3", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/BI6TNJG3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/BI6TNJG3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Crone et al.", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BI6TNJG3", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Decision-making in disinhibited adolescents and adults: insensitivity to future consequences or driven by immediate reward?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eveline A.", "lastName": "Crone" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ilse", "lastName": "Vendel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maurits W. van der", "lastName": "Molen" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Personality and Individual Differences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003", "volume": "35", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1625 - 1641", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00386-0", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V9F-488G1P0-7/2/89b013d84d98ffa841ecd55e9d0401eb", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0191-8869", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Development" } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-09T22:06:41Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-09T22:06:41Z" } }, { "key": "THPB43HA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/THPB43HA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/THPB43HA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bowden-Jones et al.", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "THPB43HA", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Risk-taking on tests sensitive to ventromedial prefrontal cortex dysfunction predicts early relapse in alcohol dependency: a pilot study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Henrietta", "lastName": "Bowden-Jones" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mike", "lastName": "McPhillips" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Rogers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sam", "lastName": "Hutton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E", "lastName": "Joyce" } ], "abstractNote": "Twenty one patients in a residential rehabilitation program fulfilling International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD) criteria for alcohol dependence syndrome were recruited. On neuropsychological tests, alcohol dependent patients relapsed early if they made choices governed by immediate gain irrespective of later outcome, which is consistent with dysfunctional ventromedial-prefrontal cortex mediating the inability to resist the impulse to drink despite ultimately deleterious effects. The authors suggest that the use of neuropsychological tasks of decision making may have several advantages over more conventional strategies for studying alcoholism.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "volume": "17", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "417-420", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci", "DOI": "10.1176/appi.neuropsych.17.3.417", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16179667", "accessDate": "2011-01-01T01:07:48Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0895-0172", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Risk-taking on tests sensitive to ventromedial prefrontal cortex dysfunction predicts early relapse in alcohol dependency", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 16179667", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Alcoholism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuropsychological Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality Assessment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pilot Projects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Predictive Value of Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prefrontal Cortex", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Problem Solving", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychomotor Performance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Recurrence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk-Taking", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-01T01:07:48Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-09T19:18:02Z" } }, { "key": "2CFW8J3T", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/2CFW8J3T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/2CFW8J3T", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Patkar et al.", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2CFW8J3T", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Pre-treatment measures of impulsivity, aggression and sensation seeking are associated with treatment outcome for African-American cocaine-dependent patients", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ashwin A", "lastName": "Patkar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Heather W", "lastName": "Murray" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paolo", "lastName": "Mannelli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Edward", "lastName": "Gottheil" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen P", "lastName": "Weinstein" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael J", "lastName": "Vergare" } ], "abstractNote": "We investigated whether measures of impulsivity, aggression and sensation seeking differed between cocaine-dependent subjects and controls, and whether these measures were related to treatment-outcome for cocaine patients. Pre-treatment assessments of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsivity Scale [BIS]), aggression (Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory [BDHI]) and sensation seeking (Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale [SSS]) were obtained for 141 African-American cocaine-dependent patients entering a 12-week, intensive outpatient treatment program and 60 controls. The outcome measures were number of negative urine drug screens, days in treatment, dropout rates and number of treatment sessions. Cocaine patients reported significantly higher scores on the SSS, the BIS and the BDHI than controls. Furthermore, the SSS scores showed a significantly negative correlation with days in treatment and negative urines, and a significant positive correlation with the dropout rate. The BIS and the BDHI scores were significantly associated with days in treatment and dropout rates respectively. A combination of the three variables contributed significantly toward predicting retention and abstinence. Higher levels of pretreatment impulsivity and aggression and sensation seeking seem to associated with poor treatment outcome for cocaine dependent patients receiving intensive outpatient treatment. Combining these behavioral measures with other clinical predictors may help in early identification of 'poor responders' who may benefit from additional or alternative treatment approaches.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Addictive Diseases", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2004", "volume": "23", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "109-122", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Addict Dis", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15132346", "accessDate": "2011-01-09T18:29:27Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1055-0887", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 15132346", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "African Americans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aggression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ambulatory Care Facilities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cocaine-Related Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Exploratory Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulsive Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Patient Dropouts", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality Assessment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Philadelphia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk-Taking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Substance Abuse Treatment Centers", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Treatment Outcome", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-09T18:29:27Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-09T18:29:27Z" } }, { "key": "2KHJ7X5E", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/2KHJ7X5E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/2KHJ7X5E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ekhtiari et al.", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2KHJ7X5E", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Prefer a cash slap in your face over credit for halva", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hamed", "lastName": "Ekhtiari" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ali", "lastName": "Jannati" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Morteza", "lastName": "Dehghani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Azarakhsh", "lastName": "Mokri" } ], "abstractNote": "We investigated how frequency and amount of punishment affect the decision making of Iranian subjects. In our first experiment, performing a computer-based Persian version of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), our subjects scored remarkably lower than their Western counterparts. Moreover, our subjects chose more frequently and more rapidly from decks that had less frequent but larger amounts of punishments in comparison to decks that had more frequent punishments with smaller amounts. In our second experiment, subjects did not differentiate between decks with the same frequency of punishment but with different punishment amounts. However, among decks with the same amount but different frequency of punishment, a significant preference was apparent towards decks with less frequency of punishment. Our results differ from previous studies, indicating a different strategy in risky decision making among healthy adult Iranian subjects, as they show low attention to the amount of punishment and are more concerned with the frequency of punishment.", "publicationTitle": "Judgment and Decision Making", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2009", "volume": "4", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "534-542", "series": "Judgment and Decision Making", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/a/jdm/journl/v4y2009i7p534-542.html", "accessDate": "2011-01-09T02:05:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "risky decision making; Iowa Gambling Task; cross cultural.", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-09T02:05:41Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-09T02:15:30Z" } }, { "key": "TU4MF6PN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/TU4MF6PN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/TU4MF6PN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schmitz et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TU4MF6PN", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Baseline neurocognitive profiles differentiate abstainers and non-abstainers in a cocaine clinical trial", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J M", "lastName": "Schmitz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marc E", "lastName": "Mooney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charles E", "lastName": "Green" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Scott D", "lastName": "Lane" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joel L", "lastName": "Steinberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alan C", "lastName": "Swann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F Gerard", "lastName": "Moeller" } ], "abstractNote": "Previous studies have shown that cocaine users have higher levels of impulsivity and impaired decision making; however, few have examined these factors as predictors of treatment success. We obtained baseline neurocognitive measures from 75 cocaine-dependent individuals participating in a 12-week clinical trial targeting impulsivity with behavioral therapies and pharmacotherapy. Participants treated with citalopram had higher cocaine abstinence rates compared to placebo-treated participants. The aim of this secondary analysis study was to determine whether profiles of performance on neurocognitive measures administered at baseline discriminated among patients who achieved abstinence and those who did not. Participants completed the Immediate and Delayed Memory Task, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, and Iowa Gambling Task. Profile analysis results showed different patterns of performance on these baseline measures as a function of outcome. Compared with non-abstinent participants, abstinent participants had higher scores on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 Non-Planning subscale and better performance on the Iowa Gambling Task. Profile differences for the two outcome groups did not vary as a function of treatment condition. Results suggest that cocaine-dependent patients entering treatment with higher impulsivity and less impaired decision-making abilities may respond favorably to targeted behavioral interventions. Neurocognitive profiles may be useful in understanding population heterogeneity and predicting differential outcomes in subgroups of cocaine abusers.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Addictive Diseases", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jul 2009", "volume": "28", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "250-257", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Addict Dis", "DOI": "10.1080/10550880903028502", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20155594", "accessDate": "2011-01-01T22:48:47Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1545-0848", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 20155594", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Citalopram", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cocaine-Related Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cognitive Therapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Data Collection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Decision Making", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulsive Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Inhibition (Psychology)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Memory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Treatment Outcome", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-01T22:48:47Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-09T02:13:38Z" } }, { "key": "M8D5N4XM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/M8D5N4XM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/M8D5N4XM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Barratt", "parsedDate": "1985", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "M8D5N4XM", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Impulsiveness defined within a system model of personality", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "J. T.", "lastName": "Spence" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "C. E.", "lastName": "Itard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E S", "lastName": "Barratt" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Motivation, emotion, and personality", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1985", "publisher": "Elsevier", "place": "Amsterdam", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "137-146", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-08T01:33:49Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-08T01:40:47Z" } }, { "key": "7I6TIZJD", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/7I6TIZJD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/7I6TIZJD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zuckerman et al.", "parsedDate": "1978-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7I6TIZJD", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Sensation seeking in England and America: cross-cultural, age, and sex comparisons", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marvin", "lastName": "Zuckerman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Eysenck" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H J", "lastName": "Eysenck" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Feb 1978", "volume": "46", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "139-149", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Consult Clin Psychol", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/627648", "accessDate": "2011-01-07T19:55:57Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-006X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Sensation seeking in England and America", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 627648", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Age Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Boredom", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cross-Cultural Comparison", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Inhibition (Psychology)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Life Change Events", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sex Factors", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-07T19:55:57Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-08T01:30:35Z" } }, { "key": "XTXS3NRH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/XTXS3NRH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/XTXS3NRH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zuckerman", "parsedDate": "1993", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XTXS3NRH", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "P-impulsive sensation seeking and its behavioral, psychophysiological and biochemical correlates", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marvin", "lastName": "Zuckerman" } ], "abstractNote": "Impulsive unsocialized sensation seeking (ImpUSS) is a major factor discovered in factor analyses of scales used in psychobiological research. It is strongly convergent with Eysenck's P dimension and conscientiousness in the 'big five'. The components of the dimension and the P scale, have been validated as correlates of various kinds of disinhibited behaviors, criminality, sexuality, and substance use and abuse. ImpUSS is related to a failure in passive avoidance learning, probably as a function of impulsivity and attention to reward stimuli. Psychophysiological markers for the trait include strong orienting and weak defensive reflexes and an augmenting, rather than reducing, of cortical reaction to intense stimuli. At the neurochemical level the trait is related to low levels of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin, and theoretically high levels of dopaminergic activity. The trait components have high heritabilities for a personality trait.", "publicationTitle": "Neuropsychobiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1993", "volume": "28", "issue": "1-2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "30-36", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Neuropsychobiology", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8255407", "accessDate": "2011-01-07T19:54:42Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0302-282X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 8255407", "tags": [ { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulsive Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychophysiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Behavior", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-07T19:54:42Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-08T01:29:29Z" } }, { "key": "38TXWA9Q", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/38TXWA9Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/38TXWA9Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zuckerman", "parsedDate": "1979", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "38TXWA9Q", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Sensation Seeking: Beyond the Optimal Level of Arousal", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marvin", "lastName": "Zuckerman" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1979", "publisher": "Hillsdale, N.J. : L. Erlbaum Associates", "place": "New York", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-08T01:26:13Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-08T01:28:45Z" } }, { "key": "TSPEXI7H", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/TSPEXI7H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/TSPEXI7H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Eysenck et al.", "parsedDate": "1985", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TSPEXI7H", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Age norms for impulsiveness, venturesomeness and empathy in adults", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sybil B. G.", "lastName": "Eysenck" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. R.", "lastName": "Pearson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Easting" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. F.", "lastName": "Allsopp" } ], "abstractNote": "A total of 1320 Ss (559 males and 761 females) completed the I6 Impulsiveness Questionnaire. Reliabilities, scale intercorrelations, means and standard deviations as well as age means are given after some item changes from the original I5 Questionnaire. The resulting I7 Impulsiveness Questionnaire is reproduced in the Appendix, together with the scoring key. A further 589 Ss (383 males and 206 females) completed the new I7, together with the EPQ and intercorrelations of the seven factors obtained are given (i.e. Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Lie score, impulsiveness Venturesomeness and Empathy). A table of means and standard deviations for this second sample of Ss is also given for the sake of completeness.", "publicationTitle": "Personality and Individual Differences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1985", "volume": "6", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "613-619", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/0191-8869(85)90011-X", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V9F-4602YK7-C/2/860dcd21e578d142bc254e361b8bdd22", "accessDate": "2011-01-07T20:17:36Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0191-8869", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-07T20:17:36Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-07T20:17:36Z" } }, { "key": "BGTSXACD", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/BGTSXACD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/BGTSXACD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ekhtiari et al.", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BGTSXACD", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Reliability and Validity of Persian Versions of Eysenck. Barratt, Dickman and Zuckerman Questionnaires in Assessing Risky and Impulsive Behaviors", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hamed", "lastName": "Ekhtiari" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hooman", "lastName": "Safaei" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gholamreza", "lastName": "Esmaeeli Djavid" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mohammad Kazem", "lastName": "Atefvahid" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hanie", "lastName": "Edalati" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Azarakhsh", "lastName": "Mokri" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Iranian journal of psychaitry and clinical psychology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "14", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "326-336", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-07T18:57:09Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-07T19:01:20Z" } }, { "key": "P5ECDDPX", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/P5ECDDPX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/P5ECDDPX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Stanford et al.", "parsedDate": "1995", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "P5ECDDPX", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Factor structure of the barratt impulsiveness scale", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M S", "lastName": "Stanford" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E S", "lastName": "Barratt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J H", "lastName": "Patton" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Clinical Psychology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1995", "volume": "51", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "768-774", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-07T18:38:31Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-07T18:39:48Z" } }, { "key": "9CSSEKBH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/9CSSEKBH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/9CSSEKBH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Barratt et al.", "parsedDate": "1997-05-15", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9CSSEKBH", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Neuropsychological and cognitive psychophysiological substrates of impulsive aggression", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E S", "lastName": "Barratt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M S", "lastName": "Stanford" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T A", "lastName": "Kent" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Felthous" } ], "abstractNote": "The purpose of this study was to test whether subjects who commit impulsive vs non-impulsive aggression differ on measurements of personality, neuropsychology, and cognitive psychophysiology, and whether these differences can yield information regarding the etiology of impulsive aggression. Subjects were two groups of prison inmates, distinguished by their committal of impulsive or nonimpulsive aggression, and matched noninmate controls. All inmates met DSM III-R criteria for an antisocial personality disorder but for no other disorder. Impulsiveness, anger, and peak P300 latencies did not differ between the inmate groups, but verbal symbol decoding and peak P300 amplitudes did. Impulsiveness and verbal skills were inversely correlated. Impulsiveness was inversely correlated with, and verbal skills positively correlated with P300 amplitudes. The results indicate that aggression is not homogenous, even among antisocial persons, and that impulsive aggression is related to neuropsychological and cognitive psychophysiological measures of information processing beyond those factors related to criminality alone.", "publicationTitle": "Biological Psychiatry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 15, 1997", "volume": "41", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1045-1061", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biol. Psychiatry", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9129785", "accessDate": "2011-01-07T18:36:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0006-3223", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 9129785", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aggression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Antisocial Personality Disorder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brain Mapping", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cerebral Cortex", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cognition Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Crime", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dominance, Cerebral", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Event-Related Potentials, P300", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulsive Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Individuality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuropsychological Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality Assessment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prisoners", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reaction Time", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-07T18:36:19Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-07T18:36:19Z" } }, { "key": "35TRK6I5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/35TRK6I5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/35TRK6I5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kirby et al.", "parsedDate": "1999-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "35TRK6I5", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K N", "lastName": "Kirby" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N M", "lastName": "Petry" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W K", "lastName": "Bickel" } ], "abstractNote": "Fifty-six heroin addicts and 60 age-matched controls were offered choices between monetary rewards ($11-$80) available immediately and larger rewards ($25-$85) available after delays ranging from 1 week to 6 months. Participants had a 1-in-6 chance of winning a reward that they chose on one randomly selected trial. Delay-discounting rates were estimated from the pattern of participants' choices. The discounting model of impulsiveness (Ainslie, 1975) implies that delay-discounting rates are positively correlated with impulsiveness. On average, heroin addicts' discount rates were twice those of controls (p = .004), and discount rates were positively correlated with impulsivity as measured by self-report questionnaires (p < .05). The results lend external validity to the delay-discounting rate as a measure of impulsiveness, a characteristic associated with substance abuse.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Experimental Psychology. General", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 1999", "volume": "128", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "78-87", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Exp Psychol Gen", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10100392", "accessDate": "2011-01-04T01:45:50Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0096-3445", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 10100392", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Analysis of Variance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Choice Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Heroin Dependence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulsive Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Models, Psychological", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reward", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-04T01:45:50Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-04T01:45:50Z" } }, { "key": "4X49DIFN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/4X49DIFN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/4X49DIFN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bechara et al.", "parsedDate": "1994-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4X49DIFN", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Bechara" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A R", "lastName": "Damasio" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H", "lastName": "Damasio" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S W", "lastName": "Anderson" } ], "abstractNote": "Following damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, humans develop a defect in real-life decision-making, which contrasts with otherwise normal intellectual functions. Currently, there is no neuropsychological probe to detect in the laboratory, and the cognitive and neural mechanisms responsible for this defect have resisted explanation. Here, using a novel task which simulates real-life decision-making in the way it factors uncertainty of premises and outcomes, as well as reward and punishment, we find that prefrontal patients, unlike controls, are oblivious to the future consequences of their actions, and seem to be guided by immediate prospects only. This finding offers, for the first time, the possibility of detecting these patients' elusive impairment in the laboratory, measuring it, and investigating its possible causes.", "publicationTitle": "Cognition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1994 Apr-Jun", "volume": "50", "issue": "1-3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "7-15", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Cognition", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8039375", "accessDate": "2011-01-03T23:23:38Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0010-0277", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 8039375", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brain Damage, Chronic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Concept Formation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Decision Making", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mental Recall", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Motivation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuropsychological Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prefrontal Cortex", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "S3UNZJXG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-03T23:23:38Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-03T23:23:38Z" } }, { "key": "VMT68862", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 17805, "name": "Addiction", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/17805/items/VMT68862", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/addiction/items/VMT68862", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 191320, "username": "a.dezfouli", "name": "Amir Dezfouli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/a.dezfouli", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lejuez et al.", "parsedDate": "2002-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VMT68862", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Evaluation of a behavioral measure of risk taking: the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C W", "lastName": "Lejuez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jennifer P", "lastName": "Read" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher W", "lastName": "Kahler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jerry B", "lastName": "Richards" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Susan E", "lastName": "Ramsey" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gregory L", "lastName": "Stuart" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David R", "lastName": "Strong" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard A", "lastName": "Brown" } ], "abstractNote": "The present study (N = 86) sought to evaluate a laboratory-based behavioral measure of risk taking (the Balloon Analogue Risk Task; BART) and to test associations between this measure and self-report measures of risk-related constructs as well as self-reported real-world risk behaviors. The BART evidenced sound experimental properties, and riskiness on the BART was correlated with scores on measures of sensation seeking, impulsivity, and deficiencies in behavioral constraint. Also, riskiness on the BART was correlated with the self-reported occurrence of addictive, health, and safety risk behaviors, with the task accounting for variance in these behaviors beyond that accounted for by demographics and self-report measures of risk-related constructs. These results indicate that the BART may be a useful tool in the assessment of risk taking.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jun 2002", "volume": "8", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "75-84", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Exp Psychol Appl", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12075692", "accessDate": "2011-01-03T23:03:49Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1076-898X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Evaluation of a behavioral measure of risk taking", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 12075692", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Arousal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Behavior, Addictive", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulsive Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Internal-External Control", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality Assessment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychometrics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk-Taking", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-03T23:03:49Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-03T23:03:49Z" } } ]