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"links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dltj", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Edwards and Lafferty", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FGRQXTF6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Disruptive technologies: what future universities and their libraries?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jenny", "lastName": "Edwards" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Susan", "lastName": "Lafferty" } ], "abstractNote": "Christensen’s Theory of Disruptive Technologies predicts that mainstream organisations and industries can be made obsolete by new technologies that change the whole paradigm of the industries in which they operate. This paper demonstrates the relevance of the theory of disruptive technologies to academic libraries, higher education and the academic publishing industry. The way universities are organised and how they operate could change radically; scholarly communication could be transformed, placing academic publishers at risk; academic libraries may become irrelevant as new business models emerge. 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It is not a technology that sustains current markets and creates new efficiencies but is, rather, a disruptive technology that could radically alter market forces, profit expectations, and business models. This paper is a translation and amplification of the research done in this area, applied to a large-circulation new science journal, Pediatrics. The findings suggest that the journal of the future will be electronic, have a less volatile cost structure, be supported more by services than by content, be less able to rely on subscription revenues, and abandon certain elements of current value networks. It also provides a possible framework for other publishers to use to evaluate their own journals relative to this disruptive technology.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2000 May/Jun", "volume": "7", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "234-245", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=61426", "accessDate": "2007-05-17T03:10:53Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "dltj-christensen" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-11-29T21:47:07Z", "dateModified": "2010-11-29T21:47:07Z" } }, { "key": "XAPBTQZU", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 176, "name": "Christensen in Higher Education", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/176/items/XAPBTQZU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education/items/XAPBTQZU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 683, "username": "dltj", "name": "Peter Murray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dltj", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Horn", "parsedDate": "2009-12-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XAPBTQZU", "version": 1, "itemType": "presentation", "title": "Disrupting Class: How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "presenter", "firstName": "Michael B.", "lastName": "Horn" } ], "abstractNote": "Presentation at the 2009 EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research (ECAR) Symposium, December 3, 2009, in Carlsbad, California, by Michael B. Horn, Executive Director, Education, and co-founder of the Innosight Institute. Horn discusses how the age-old business model in higher education is broken and how this creates many opportunities for disruption in the post-secondary space. Disruption has rolled through higher education before, but as a result of the technology enablers now available, the impact could be dramatic. Disruptive innovations in higher education have the potential to result in a system that provides higher quality, improved access and convenience, and significantly greater affordability to many more students. Horn highlights some opportunities to drive this positive change.", "presentationType": "", "date": "2009 Dec 3", "meetingName": "EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research (ECAR) Symposium", "place": "Carlsbad, California", "series": "", "sessionTitle": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.educause.edu/Resources/DisruptingClassHowDisruptiveIn/193168", "accessDate": "2010-01-28T20:56:27Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-01-28T20:58:10Z", "dateModified": "2010-01-28T20:58:10Z" } }, { "key": "CU37SZD6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 176, "name": "Christensen in Higher Education", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/176/items/CU37SZD6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education/items/CU37SZD6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 683, "username": "dltj", "name": "Peter Murray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dltj", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Housewright", "parsedDate": "2009-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CU37SZD6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Themes of Change in Corporate Libraries: Considerations for Academic Libraries", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ross", "lastName": "Housewright" } ], "abstractNote": "The move to an increasingly digital research environment has substantially disintermediated both academic and corporate libraries from the research process. The full impact of this disruptive change has been more clearly expressed in the corporate environment, in which libraries are less insulated by institutional tradition and historical prestige. 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So did Jamie Dimon, current CEO of JP Morgan Chase, during the bank's integration with Bank One. For employees who agree on what they want but not on how to get it-think of Microsoft in 1995-leadership tools, Such as vision statements, are more appropriate. Some leaders are blessed with an instinct for choosing the right tools-Continental Airlines' Gordon Bethune, General Electric's Jack Welch, and IBM's Lou Gerstner are all examples. Others can use this framework to help select the most appropriate tools for their circumstances.", "publicationTitle": "HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "OCT 2006", "volume": "84", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "72-+", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Harv. Bus. 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Manage.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0737-6782", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-05-26T00:57:07Z", "dateModified": "2009-05-26T00:57:07Z" } }, { "key": "FNUA8TQN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 176, "name": "Christensen in Higher Education", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/176/items/FNUA8TQN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education/items/FNUA8TQN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 683, "username": "dltj", "name": "Peter Murray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dltj", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Christensen and Raynor", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FNUA8TQN", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Innovator's Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Clayton", "lastName": "Christensen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael E.", "lastName": "Raynor" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2003", "publisher": "Harvard Business School Press", "place": "Boston Mass.", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "9781578518524", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Open WorldCat (Web)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "dltj-christensen" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-05-26T00:56:42Z", "dateModified": "2009-05-26T00:56:42Z" } }, { "key": "K5WZDM3B", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 176, "name": "Christensen in Higher Education", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/176/items/K5WZDM3B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education/items/K5WZDM3B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 683, "username": "dltj", "name": "Peter Murray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dltj", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Christensen", "parsedDate": "1997", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "K5WZDM3B", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Clayton", "lastName": "Christensen" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1997", "publisher": "Harvard Business School Press", "place": "Boston Mass.", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "9780875845852", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Open WorldCat (Web)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "dltj-christensen" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-05-26T00:56:42Z", "dateModified": "2009-05-26T00:56:42Z" } }, { "key": "ZVAIE4XC", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 176, "name": "Christensen in Higher Education", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/176/items/ZVAIE4XC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education/items/ZVAIE4XC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 683, "username": "dltj", "name": "Peter Murray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dltj", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lewis", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZVAIE4XC", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Innovator's Dilemma: Disruptive Change and Academic Libraries", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David W.", "lastName": "Lewis" } ], "abstractNote": "Using the concepts in Clayton Christensen's book The Innovator's Dilemma, the current situation of academic librries is reviewed. It is argued that academic libraries are the types of institutions that Christensen predicts will fail as they confront the distruptive change that they are facing.", "publicationTitle": "Library Administration and Management", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2004 Spring", "volume": "18", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "68-74", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://hdl.handle.net/1805/173", "accessDate": "2007-05-17T03:23:36Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0888-4463", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "dltj-christensen" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-05-26T00:56:42Z", "dateModified": "2009-05-26T00:56:42Z" } }, { "key": "EVVMA4I8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 176, "name": "Christensen in Higher Education", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/176/items/EVVMA4I8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education/items/EVVMA4I8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 683, "username": "dltj", "name": "Peter Murray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dltj", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Christensen et al.", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EVVMA4I8", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Seeing What's Next: Using the Theories of Innovation to Predict Industry Change", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Clayton", "lastName": "Christensen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Scott D.", "lastName": "Anthony" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erik A.", "lastName": "Roth" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2004", "publisher": "Harvard Business School Press", "place": "Boston", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "9781591391852", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Open WorldCat (Web)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "dltj-christensen" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-05-26T00:55:54Z", "dateModified": "2009-05-26T00:55:54Z" } }, { "key": "ZAZVWBWH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 176, "name": "Christensen in Higher Education", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/176/items/ZAZVWBWH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education/items/ZAZVWBWH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 683, "username": "dltj", "name": "Peter Murray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dltj", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Christensen and Overdorf", "parsedDate": "2000-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZAZVWBWH", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Meeting the challenge of disruptive change", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Clayton M.", "lastName": "Christensen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Overdorf" } ], "abstractNote": "Why didn't a single minicomputer company succeed in the personal computer business? Why did only one department store-Dayton Hudson-become a leader in discount retailing? Why can't large companies capitalize on the opportunities brought about by major, disruptive changes in their markets? It's because organizations, independent of the people in them, have capabilities. And those capabilities also define disabilities. As a company grows, what it can and cannot do becomes more sharply defined in certain predictable ways. The authors have analyzed those patterns to create a framework managers can use to assess the abilities and disabilities of their organization as a whole. When a company is young, its resources - its people, equipment, technologies, cash, brands, suppliers, and the like-define what it can and cannot do. As it becomes more mature, its abilities stem more from its processes - product development, manufacturing, budgeting, for example. In the largest companies, values - particularly those that determine what are its acceptable gross margins and how big an opportunity has to be before it becomes interesting define what the company can and cannot do. Because resources are more adaptable to change than processes or values, smaller companies tend to respond to major market shifts better than larger ones. The authors suggest ways large companies can capitalize on opportunities that normally would not fit in with their processes or values; it all starts with understanding what the organizations are capable of.", "publicationTitle": "Harvard Business Review", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "MAR-APR 2000", "volume": "78", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "66-+", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Harv. Bus. Rev.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0017-8012", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "dltj-christensen" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-05-26T00:54:23Z", "dateModified": "2009-05-26T00:54:23Z" } }, { "key": "9W3DINN6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 176, "name": "Christensen in Higher Education", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/176/items/9W3DINN6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education/items/9W3DINN6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 683, "username": "dltj", "name": "Peter Murray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dltj", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Christensen et al.", "parsedDate": "2005-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9W3DINN6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Marketing malpractice - The cause and the cure", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "CM", "lastName": "Christensen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Cook" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Hall" } ], "abstractNote": "Ted Levitt used to tell his Harvard Business School students, \"People don't want a quarter-inch drill - they want a quarter-inch hole.\" But 35 years later, marketers re still thinking in terms of products and ever-finer demographic segments. The structure of a market, as seen from customers 'point of view, is very simple. When people need to get a job done, they hire a product or service to do it for them. The marketer's task is to understand what jobs periodically arise in customers' lives for which they might hire products company could make. One job,the \"I-need-to-send-this-from-here-to-there-with-perfect-certainty-as-fast- as-possible\" job, has existed practically forever. Federal Express designed a service do precisely that - and do it wonderfully again and again. The Fed Ex brand bega popping into people's minds whenever they needed to get that job done. Most of today's great brands-Crest, Starbucks, Kleenex, eBay, and Kodak, to name a few - started out as just this kind of purpose brand. When a purpose brand is extended products that target different jobs, it becomes an endorser brand. But, over time, the power of an endorser brand will surely erode unless the company creates a new purpose brand for each new job, even as leverages the endorser brand as an overall marker of quality. Different jobs demand different purpose brands. New growth markets are created when an innovating company designs a product and then positions its brand on a job for which no optimal product yet exists. In fact, companies that historically have segmented and measured markets by product categories generally find that when they instead segment by job,their market is much larger (and their current share much smaller) than they had thought. This is great news for smart companies hungry for growth.", "publicationTitle": "HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 2005", "volume": "83", "issue": "12", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "74-+", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Harv. Bus. Rev.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0017-8012", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-05-26T00:54:10Z", "dateModified": "2009-05-26T00:54:10Z" } }, { "key": "EV76B6XU", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 176, "name": "Christensen in Higher Education", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/176/items/EV76B6XU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education/items/EV76B6XU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 683, "username": "dltj", "name": "Peter Murray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dltj", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Christensen et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EV76B6XU", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Innovation killers: How financial tools destroy your capacity to do new things", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. M.", "lastName": "Christensen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen P.", "lastName": "Kaufman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Willy C.", "lastName": "Shih" } ], "abstractNote": "Most companies aren't half as innovative as their senior executives want them to be (or as their marketing claims suggest they are). What's stifling innovation? There are plenty of usual suspects, but the authors finger three financial tools as key accomplices. Discounted cash flow and net present value, as commonly used, underestimate the real returns and benefits of proceeding with an investment. Most executives compare the cash flows from innovation against the default scenario of doing nothing, assuming -- incorrectly -- that the present health of the company will persist indefinitely if the investment is not made. In most situations, however, competitors' sustaining and disruptive investments over time result in deterioration of financial performance. Fixed- and sunk-cost conventional wisdom confers an unfair advantage on challengers and shackles incumbent firms that attempt to respond to an attack. Executives in established companies, bemoaning the expense of building new brands and developing new sales and distribution channels, seek instead to leverage their existing brands and structures. Entrants, in contrast, simply create new ones. The problem for the incumbent isn't that the challenger can spend more; it's that the challenger is spared the dilemma of having to choose between full-cost and marginal-cost options. The emphasis on short-term earnings per share as the primary driver of share price, and hence shareholder value creation, acts to restrict investments in innovative long-term growth opportunities. These are not bad tools and concepts in and of themselves, but the way they are used to evaluate investments creates a systematic bias against successful innovation. The authors recommend alternative methods that can help managers innovate with a much more astute eye for future value.", "publicationTitle": "Harvard Business Review", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008 Jan", "volume": "86", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "98-105", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=28000282&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0017-8012", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-05-26T00:53:43Z", "dateModified": "2009-05-26T00:53:43Z" } }, { "key": "HTKBTX7H", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 176, "name": "Christensen in Higher Education", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/176/items/HTKBTX7H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education/items/HTKBTX7H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 683, "username": "dltj", "name": "Peter Murray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dltj", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Christensen", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HTKBTX7H", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Improving Higher Education Through Disruption", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Clayton M.", "lastName": "Christensen" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Futures Forum 2002", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "12-15", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ffp0201s.pdf", "accessDate": "2007-05-17T03:00:38Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "dltj-christensen" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-05-26T00:53:06Z", "dateModified": "2009-05-26T00:53:06Z" } }, { "key": "3N5QRAMX", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 176, "name": "Christensen in Higher Education", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/176/items/3N5QRAMX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education/items/3N5QRAMX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 683, "username": "dltj", "name": "Peter Murray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dltj", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Christensen et al.", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3N5QRAMX", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Finding the right job for your product", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Clayton M.", "lastName": "Christensen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Scott D.", "lastName": "Anthony" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gerald", "lastName": "Berstell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Denise", "lastName": "Nitterhouse" } ], "abstractNote": "How a company views its markets determines what it produces, how it takes those products to market, who it believes its competitors are, and how large it believes its market opportunities are. Most companies segment along lines defined by the characteristics of their products or customers because that is the most accessible data. But these are poor indicators of customer behavior because this is not how markets are structured from the customer's perspective. Customers simply need to get things done. These situational needs for which customers are looking to \"hire\" products or services go unnoticed during traditional market research and segmentation. As a result, the true breadth of competition often goes unnoticed too.\n\nUsing examples from the fast-food industry, furniture retailing, the automobile industry and health care, and citing a wide variety of companies and brands, this article describes the benefits reaped when executives segment their markets by job (for example, the risk and cost of innovation are minimized), the methods that those involved in marketing and new-product development can use to identify the job-based structure of a market, and how the details of business plans can be made more coherent and focused when innovators understand the job to be done.", "publicationTitle": "MIT Sloan Management Review", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "48", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1532-9194", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-05-26T00:52:31Z", "dateModified": "2009-05-26T00:52:31Z" } }, { "key": "N7SDXR57", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 176, "name": "Christensen in Higher Education", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/176/items/N7SDXR57", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education/items/N7SDXR57", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 683, "username": "dltj", "name": "Peter Murray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dltj", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Christensen et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "N7SDXR57", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Disruptive Innovation for Social Change", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Clayton M.", "lastName": "Christensen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Heiner", "lastName": "Baumann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rudy", "lastName": "Ruggles" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas M.", "lastName": "Sadtler" } ], "abstractNote": "Countries, organizations, and individuals around the globe spend aggressively to solve social problems, but these efforts often fail to deliver. Misdirected investment is the primary reason for that failure. Most of the money earmarked for social initiatives goes to organizations that are structured to support specific groups of recipients, often with sophisticated solutions. Such organizations rarely reach the broader populations that could be served by simpler alternatives. There is, however, an effective way to get to those underserved populations, The authors call it \"catalytic innovation! Based on Clayton Christensen's disruptive-innovation model, catalytic innovations challenge organizational incumbents by offering simpler, good-enough solutions aimed at underserved groups. Unlike disruptive innovations, though, catalytic innovations are focused on creating social change. Catalytic innovators are defined by five distinct qualities. First, they create social change through scaling and replication. Second, they meet a need that is either overserved (that is, the existing solution is more complex than necessary for many people) or not served at all. Third, the products and services they offer are simpler and cheaper than alternatives, but recipients view them as good enough. Fourth, they bring in resources in ways that initially seem unattractive to incumbents. And fifth, they are often ignored, put down, or even encouraged by existing organizations, which don't see the catalytic innovators' solutions as viable. As the authors show through examples in health care, education, and economic development, both non profit and for-profit groups are finding ways to create catalytic innovation that drives social change.", "publicationTitle": "HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 2006", "volume": "84", "issue": "12", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "94-+", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Harv. Bus. Rev.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0017-8012", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "dltj-christensen" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-05-26T00:51:51Z", "dateModified": "2009-05-26T00:51:51Z" } }, { "key": "APS22CTA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 176, "name": "Christensen in Higher Education", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/176/items/APS22CTA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christensen_in_higher_education/items/APS22CTA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 683, "username": "dltj", "name": "Peter Murray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/dltj", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lewis", "parsedDate": "2006-02-28", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "APS22CTA", "version": 1, "itemType": "presentation", "title": "Disruptive Innovation and the Academic Library", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "contributor", "firstName": "David W.", "lastName": "Lewis" } ], "abstractNote": "In this presentation I will review the theories of business strategy developed by Clayton Christensen and his colleagues in their three books — the \"Innovator’s Dilemma\", \"Innovator’s Solution\", and \"Seeing What’s Next\". I will apply this work to academic libraries and scholarly communication and will show that academic libraries are likely to be disrupted by new technologies and their application by competing organizations. I will then show that libraries also have the potential to drive, and benefit from, disruptive change especially in the scholarly communication value chain. The result should provide guidance to academic librarians in establishing strategies, organizational structures, and values that will position them in the scholarly information and learning value chains in ways that will assure their relevance. The result should provide attendees with a basic understanding of the most important of Christensen’s theories and how they can provide insights into the current state of academic libraries and help to chart the future. This work will build on my article, (Lewis, David W. “The Innovator’s Dilemma: Disruptive Change and Academic Libraries.” Library Administration and Management 18(2):68-74 April 2004. Available at: http://idea.iupui.edu/dspace/handle/1805/173), but will advance and develop it in significant ways.", "presentationType": "", "date": "2006 Feb 28", "meetingName": "", "place": "Herman B. Wells Library, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN", "series": "", "sessionTitle": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://hdl.handle.net/1805/557", "accessDate": "2007-05-17T03:21:12Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "dltj-christensen" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-05-26T00:51:51Z", "dateModified": "2009-05-26T00:51:51Z" } } ]