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However, the applications and motivations of such laws as well as achievements have been different. Currently, the Japanese government has announced its targets to expand the electricity feed-in tariff scheme for solar power, along with other energy sources, within two years to meet the goal set by the Japanese Prime Minister who, in the 15th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP15) held in September 2009, proclaimed to cut 25% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the 1990 levels by 2020. In this paper, the current Japanese energy policies and measures for promoting RE in comparison to popular methods followed worldwide are explored. Furthermore, a Least Cost Feed-in Tariff (LCFIT) Simulation Model for Japanese case was developed to calculate the optimal mix of technologies to reach certain targets. The LCFIT also calculates the tariff that should be proposed for each technology and the total cost for the program with and without a carbon tax and estimates the premium added to the bill of the customer every month.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 2012", "volume": "43", "issue": "0", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "191-201", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2011.12.056", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421511010627", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Governmental policies" }, { "tag": "Promotion measures" }, { "tag": "Renewable energies" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-06T18:03:32Z", "dateModified": "2013-06-06T18:03:32Z" } }, { "key": "5EJ4NDWE", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 173711, "name": "Japan PV Market", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/japan_pv_market", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/173711/items/5EJ4NDWE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/japan_pv_market/items/5EJ4NDWE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zhang et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5EJ4NDWE", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Scenario analysis on future electricity supply and demand in Japan", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Qi", "lastName": "Zhang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Keiichi N.", "lastName": "Ishihara" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Benjamin C.", "lastName": "Mclellan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tetsuo", "lastName": "Tezuka" } ], "abstractNote": "Under continuing policies of CO2 emissions reduction, it is crucial to consider scenarios for Japan to realize a safe and clean future electricity system. The development plans for nuclear power and renewable energy - particularly solar and wind power - are being reconsidered in light of the Fukushima nuclear accident. To contribute to this, in the present study, three electricity supply scenarios for 2030 are proposed according to different future nuclear power development policies, and the maximum penetration of renewable energy generation is pursued. On the other side of the equation, three electricity demand scenarios are also proposed considering potential energy saving measures. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate quantitatively the technological, economic and environmental impacts of different supply policy selections and demand assumptions on future electricity systems. The scenario analysis is conducted using an input–output hour-by-hour simulation model subject to constraints from technological, economic and environmental perspectives. The obtained installed capacity mix, power generation mix, CO2 emissions, and generation cost of the scenarios were inter-compared and analyzed. The penetration of renewable energy generation in a future electricity system in Japan, as well as its relationship with nuclear power share was uncovered.", "publicationTitle": "Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 2012", "volume": "38", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "376-385", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.energy.2011.11.046", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544211007778", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0360-5442", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Electricity system" }, { "tag": "Japan" }, { "tag": "Nuclear power" }, { "tag": "Scenario analysis" }, { "tag": "Supply-demand" }, { "tag": "renewable energy" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-06T18:03:10Z", "dateModified": "2013-06-06T18:03:10Z" } }, { "key": "2E484MNG", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 173711, "name": "Japan PV Market", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/japan_pv_market", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/173711/items/2E484MNG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/japan_pv_market/items/2E484MNG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Yamaguchi et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2E484MNG", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Prediction of photovoltaic and solar water heater diffusion and evaluation of promotion policies on the basis of consumers’ choices", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yohei", "lastName": "Yamaguchi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kenju", "lastName": "Akai" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Junyi", "lastName": "Shen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Naoki", "lastName": "Fujimura" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yoshiyuki", "lastName": "Shimoda" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tatsuyoshi", "lastName": "Saijo" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper proposes an integrated analytical framework consisting of the following three steps: (1) investigation of consumers’ preferences, (2) prediction of technology diffusion by taking into account consumers’ preferences, and (3) estimation of CO2 emission reduction caused by the diffusion of the examined technology. By using this framework, this paper evaluates the policy measures implemented for disseminating photovoltaics and solar water heaters in terms of the contribution to reducing CO2 emissions from the residential sector. We investigated consumer preferences for these technologies as well as the effects of attributes such as installation cost, energy price, energy efficiency, and perception on consumers’ choices. Considering these effects, we developed a model that estimates the diffusion of these technologies into the residential sector of Japan through 2025 and the resulting CO2 emission reduction. We found that the policy measures for the diffusion of photovoltaics that reduce initial cost (e.g., subsidy programs) are more cost effective for reducing CO2 emission than those reducing users’ operating expenditure (e.g., feed-in tariff programs). For solar water heater to be able to reduce the CO2 emissions considerably, the public perception must be improved.", "publicationTitle": "Special Issue on Advances in sustainable biofuel production and use - XIX International Symposium on Alcohol Fuels - ISAF", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 2013", "volume": "102", "issue": "0", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1148-1159", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Applied Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.06.037", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261912004825", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0306-2619", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bass diffusion model" }, { "tag": "Choice experiment" }, { "tag": "Consumers’ preference" }, { "tag": "Photovoltaic" }, { "tag": "Residential sector" }, { "tag": "Solar water heater" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-06T18:02:42Z", "dateModified": "2013-06-06T18:02:42Z" } }, { "key": "IPEHM5BZ", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 173711, "name": "Japan PV Market", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/japan_pv_market", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/173711/items/IPEHM5BZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/japan_pv_market/items/IPEHM5BZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Inaba and Watanabe", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IPEHM5BZ", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Trends in Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems and Toshiba's Approach", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Inaba" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "Watanabe" } ], "abstractNote": "Expectations for renewable energy have recently been rising. In particular, the introduction of photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems is expanding both in Japan and overseas. The development of high-efficiency, low-cost PV systems is essential for their widespread dissemination, in addition to the appropriate economic support measures. Toshiba is promoting the system integrator business for PV systems not only in Japan but also in overseas markets through its Photovoltaic Systems Promotion Division, which was established on January 1, 2009. We offer main components consisting of PV systems, secondary batteries for the stabilization of output fluctuations, maintenance tools, and technologies for interactive operation between PV systems and home energy management systems (HEMS) or smart grid systems.", "publicationTitle": "Toshiba Leading Innovation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "67", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2-5", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0372-0462", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "INSPEC:13209982", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-06T17:30:19Z", "dateModified": "2013-06-06T17:46:15Z" } }, { "key": "5MMIHVC4", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 173711, "name": "Japan PV Market", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/japan_pv_market", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/173711/items/5MMIHVC4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/japan_pv_market/items/5MMIHVC4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Talavera", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5MMIHVC4", "version": 2, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "The internal rate of return of photovoltaic grid-connected systems. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. L. ; Nofuentes", "lastName": "Talavera" } ], "abstractNote": "At present, photovoltaic grid-connected systems (PVGCS) are experiencing a formidable market growth. This is mainly due to a continuous downward trend in PV cost together with some government support programmes launched by many developed countries. However, government bodies and prospective owners/investors are concerned with how changes in existing economic factors - financial incentives and main economic parameters of the PVGCS - that configure a given scenario may affect the profitability of the investment in these systems. Consequently, not only is a mere estimate of the economic profitability in a specific moment required, but also how this profitability may vary according to changes in the existing scenario. In order to enlighten decision-makers and prospective owners/investors of PVGCS, a sensitivity analysis of the internal rate of return (IRR) to some economic factors has been carried out. Three different scenarios have been assumed to represent the three top geographical markets for PV: the Euro area, the USA and Japan. The results obtained in this analysis provide clear evidence that annual loan interest, normalised initial investment subsidy, normalised annual PV electricity yield, PV electricity unitary price and normalised initial investment are ordered from the lowest to the highest impact on the IRR. A short and broad analysis concerning the taxation impact is also provided. (author)", "websiteTitle": "GB", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-06T17:22:03Z", "dateModified": "2013-06-06T17:44:15Z" } }, { "key": "VN8EFRH6", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 173711, "name": "Japan PV Market", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/japan_pv_market", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/173711/items/VN8EFRH6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/japan_pv_market/items/VN8EFRH6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Nakata", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VN8EFRH6", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Impact of feed-in tariff policy on global photovoltaic business: Expected solar cell for reconstruction after great east japan earthquake", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y.", "lastName": "Nakata" } ], "abstractNote": "Renewable energy is strongly expected after Great East Japan Earthquake. However, the cost of electricity produced by the renewable energy is higher than that of grid power, which is generated by fossil fuels. Thus, government policy is very effective to enhance the renewable energy. Feed-in tariff (FiT) policy, in which electricity generated by renewable energy is bought by the electric utilities at above market prices, is very effective to enhance the renewable energy. Germany and Spain have introduced the FiT to the renewable energy, especially photovoltaic (PV) energy and enhanced the PV business and installation. But, the FiT caused serious problems, such as increase of electricity price and recession of PV business. The impacts of FiT on European PV business were analyzed. In addition, Japan Diet passed the FiT in August 26, 2011 and it will become effective from July 1st, 2012. The FiT assessment committee has presented the FiT proposal in April, 2012. It almost accepted the industrial demand. Therefore, the FiT will expand Japanese domestic PV market and business. The renewable energy project in the disaster area has begun and will contribute to the electric power supply and the economic recovery by creating the solar cell industry.", "publicationTitle": "2012 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering & Technology (PICMET)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3017-23", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "INSPEC:12999612", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-06T17:30:21Z", "dateModified": "2013-06-06T17:43:56Z" } }, { "key": "8BAZHTCU", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 173711, "name": "Japan PV Market", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/japan_pv_market", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/173711/items/8BAZHTCU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/japan_pv_market/items/8BAZHTCU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Algieri", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8BAZHTCU", "version": 2, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Going 'green': trade specialisation dynamics in the solar photovoltaic sector", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bernardina", "lastName": "Algieri" } ], "abstractNote": "The present study aims at providing a comprehensive analysis of trade flows and the domestic value creation of the major solar photovoltaic industry at the world level. Solar technologies convert light and heat from the sun into useful energy. The use of the sun's energy can not only reduce the consumption of conventional fuels, thus reducing the emission of detrimental greenhouse gases, but it can also enable a gain in enhanced fuel and energy security along with lessening costs. In addition, green technologies and industries can promote economic growth and international competitiveness, and can offer new business and employment opportunities. It becomes, therefore, extremely important to deeply explore the dynamics of the solar photovoltaic sector. Specifically, the present work analyses the main global trends of this sector and sketches the key players on the world market, including producers, installers, and top traders. Based on an analysis of trade flows at the 6-digit level, the international specialisation patterns are investigated, and the role of various market and trade drivers, including subsidies in the uptake of solar technologies, is identified and examined. - Highlights: > Trade specialisation in solar photovoltaics is examined using an index analysis. > Trade of the US, UK and Germany has an intra-industry nature. > Trade of Italy, Greece and Japan is more inter-industry oriented. > There is a long-run relationship between PV exports, foreign income and prices.", "websiteTitle": "GBN", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "shortTitle": "Going 'green'", "language": "English", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-06T17:04:58Z", "dateModified": "2013-06-06T17:43:23Z" } }, { "key": "FKW8TCZH", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 173711, "name": "Japan PV Market", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/japan_pv_market", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/173711/items/FKW8TCZH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/japan_pv_market/items/FKW8TCZH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Beck", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FKW8TCZH", "version": 2, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Fiercely contested market", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter [Ecos Consult", "lastName": "Beck" } ], "abstractNote": "Since the Fukushima nuclear disaster, Japan has faced the challenge of expanding renewable energy use as substitution for the disconnected nuclear reactors. In this situation, appropriate measures must be taken to develop intelligent energy supplies. PV here must play a significant role.", "websiteTitle": "DEN", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-06T17:03:59Z", "dateModified": "2013-06-06T17:43:06Z" } }, { "key": "S43XUUXV", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 173711, "name": "Japan PV Market", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/japan_pv_market", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/173711/items/S43XUUXV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/japan_pv_market/items/S43XUUXV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chowdhury et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "S43XUUXV", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Exploratory study of PV industry, 1990-2008: Lesson from Japan and Germany", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Chowdhury" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "U.", "lastName": "Sumita" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Islam" } ], "abstractNote": "The world is moving into a new era, the Go Green\nRevolution (GGR) because of the earth's current global warming\nand rising seas. Photovoltaic (PV) has the highest cost reduction\npotential among all renewable energy sources (RES) and has\nexperienced rapid growth. To design efficient policy instruments,\none needs knowledge about what challenges face the growth of\nthe new technology. The purpose of this study is to analyze the\ngrowth and the declining factors of Japanese PV market during\n1990-2008. In order to understand the causes that hindering the\ndiffusion of the PV business, comparative case studies of Japan\nand German PV sector was performed. The termination of\nincentive policy is the key reason for the Japanese PV market\ndecline. German policy is long term and the incentives are more\ngenerous than Japanese incentive program. Moreover, Japanese\nenvironmental policy is not favourable for the growth of the\nrenewable energy. Another reason is the firm’s lack of future\nplan for increasing production capacity. The termination of\nincentive policy is the main blocking factor of the decline of PV\nmarket in Japan.", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the 2012 2nd International Conference on the Developments in Renewable Energy Technology (ICDRET 2012)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "4 pp.-4 pp.", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "INSPEC:12556962", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-06T17:30:22Z", "dateModified": "2013-06-06T17:42:47Z" } } ]