[ { "key": "X48VTMFA", "version": 115, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/X48VTMFA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/X48VTMFA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kiefer et al.", "parsedDate": "2015", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "X48VTMFA", "version": 115, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Indirect Comparisons and Network Meta-Analyses", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Corinna", "lastName": "Kiefer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sibylle", "lastName": "Sturtz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ralf", "lastName": "Bender" } ], "abstractNote": "Background: Systematic reviews provide a structured summary of the results of trials that have been carried out on any particular subject. If the data from multiple trials are sufficiently homogenous, a meta-analysis can be performed to calculate pooled effect estimates. Traditional meta-analysis involves groups of trials that compare the same two interventions directly (head to head). Lately, however, indirect comparisons and network meta-analyses have become increasingly common.Methods: Various methods of indirect comparison and network meta-analysis are presented and discussed on the basis of a selective review of the literature. The main assumptions and requirements of these methods are described, and a checklist is provided as an aid to the evaluation of published indirect comparisons and network meta-analyses.Results: When no head-to-head trials of two interventions are available, indirect comparisons and network meta-analyses enable the estimation of effects as well as the simultaneous analysis of networks involving more than two interventions. Network meta-analyses and indirect comparisons can only be useful if the trial or patient characteristics are similar and the observed effects are sufficiently homogeneous. Moreover, there should be no major discrepancy between the direct and indirect evidence. If trials are available that compare each of two treatments against a third one, but not against each other, then the third intervention can be used as a common comparator to enable a comparison of the other two.Conclusion: Indirect comparisons and network meta-analyses are an important further development of traditional meta-analysis. Clear and detailed documentation is needed so that findings obtained by these new methods can be reliably judged.", "publicationTitle": "Dtsch Arztebl International", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2015", "volume": "112", "issue": "47", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "803-8", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.aerzteblatt.de/int/article.asp?id=173015", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DWCFFFTJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-14T15:51:30Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-14T15:51:30Z" } }, { "key": "NNM32GVG", "version": 111, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/NNM32GVG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/NNM32GVG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Efthimiou et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NNM32GVG", "version": 111, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Joint synthesis of multiple correlated outcomes in networks of interventions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Orestis", "lastName": "Efthimiou" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dimitris", "lastName": "Mavridis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard D.", "lastName": "Riley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrea", "lastName": "Cipriani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Georgia", "lastName": "Salanti" } ], "abstractNote": "Multiple outcomes multivariate meta-analysis (MOMA) is gaining in popularity as a tool for jointly synthesizing evidence coming from studies that report effect estimates for multiple correlated outcomes. Models for MOMA are available for the case of the pairwise meta-analysis of two treatments for multiple outcomes. Network meta-analysis (NMA) can be used for handling studies that compare more than two treatments; however, there is currently little guidance on how to perform an MOMA for the case of a network of interventions with multiple outcomes. The aim of this paper is to address this issue by proposing two models for synthesizing evidence from multi-arm studies reporting on multiple correlated outcomes for networks of competing treatments. Our models can handle continuous, binary, time-to-event or mixed outcomes, with or without availability of within-study correlations. They are set in a Bayesian framework to allow flexibility in fitting and assigning prior distributions to the parameters of interest while fully accounting for parameter uncertainty. As an illustrative example, we use a network of interventions for acute mania, which contains multi-arm studies reporting on two correlated binary outcomes: response rate and dropout rate. Both multiple-outcomes NMA models produce narrower confidence intervals compared with independent, univariate network meta-analyses for each outcome and have an impact on the relative ranking of the treatments.", "publicationTitle": "Biostatistics (Oxford, England)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 2015", "volume": "16", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "84-97", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biostatistics", "DOI": "10.1093/biostatistics/kxu030", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1468-4357", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "P745T95B" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:32:21Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:32:21Z" } }, { "key": "65J9V8T9", "version": 111, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/65J9V8T9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/65J9V8T9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Efthimiou et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-06-15", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "65J9V8T9", "version": 111, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "An approach for modelling multiple correlated outcomes in a network of interventions using odds ratios", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Orestis", "lastName": "Efthimiou" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dimitris", "lastName": "Mavridis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrea", "lastName": "Cipriani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stefan", "lastName": "Leucht" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pantelis", "lastName": "Bagos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Georgia", "lastName": "Salanti" } ], "abstractNote": "A multivariate meta-analysis of two or more correlated outcomes is expected to improve precision compared with a series of independent, univariate meta-analyses especially when there are studies reporting some but not all outcomes. Multivariate meta-analysis requires estimates of the within-study correlations, which are seldom available. Existing methods for analysing multiple outcomes simultaneously are limited to pairwise treatment comparisons. We propose a model for a joint, simultaneous synthesis of multiple dichotomous outcomes in a network of interventions and introduce a simple way to elicit expert opinion for the within-study correlations by utilizing a set of conditional probability parameters. We implement our multiple-outcomes network meta-analysis model within a Bayesian framework, which allows incorporation of expert information. As an example, we analyse two correlated dichotomous outcomes, response to the treatment and dropout rate, in a network of pharmacological interventions for acute mania. The produced estimates have narrower confidence intervals compared with the simple network meta-analysis. We conclude that the proposed model and the suggested prior elicitation method for correlations constitute a useful framework for performing network meta-analysis for multiple outcomes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "publicationTitle": "Statistics in Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 15, 2014", "volume": "33", "issue": "13", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2275-2287", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Statist. Med.", "DOI": "10.1002/sim.6117", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.6117/abstract", "accessDate": "2015-04-07T13:52:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1097-0258", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bayesian" }, { "tag": "between-study correlation" }, { "tag": "correlated outcomes" }, { "tag": "mixed treatment" }, { "tag": "within-study correlation" } ], "collections": [ "P745T95B" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:32:15Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:32:15Z" } }, { "key": "UP4MEHT2", "version": 110, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/UP4MEHT2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/UP4MEHT2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mavridis et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-02-28", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UP4MEHT2", "version": 110, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Allowing for uncertainty due to missing continuous outcome data in pairwise and network meta-analysis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dimitris", "lastName": "Mavridis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ian R.", "lastName": "White" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julian P. T.", "lastName": "Higgins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrea", "lastName": "Cipriani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Georgia", "lastName": "Salanti" } ], "abstractNote": "Missing outcome data are commonly encountered in randomized controlled trials and hence may need to be addressed in a meta-analysis of multiple trials. A common and simple approach to deal with missing data is to restrict analysis to individuals for whom the outcome was obtained (complete case analysis). However, estimated treatment effects from complete case analyses are potentially biased if informative missing data are ignored. We develop methods for estimating meta-analytic summary treatment effects for continuous outcomes in the presence of missing data for some of the individuals within the trials. We build on a method previously developed for binary outcomes, which quantifies the degree of departure from a missing at random assumption via the informative missingness odds ratio. Our new model quantifies the degree of departure from missing at random using either an informative missingness difference of means or an informative missingness ratio of means, both of which relate the mean value of the missing outcome data to that of the observed data. We propose estimating the treatment effects, adjusted for informative missingness, and their standard errors by a Taylor series approximation and by a Monte Carlo method. We apply the methodology to examples of both pairwise and network meta-analysis with multi-arm trials. © 2014 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.", "publicationTitle": "Statistics in Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 28, 2015", "volume": "34", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "721-741", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Statist. Med.", "DOI": "10.1002/sim.6365", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.6365/abstract", "accessDate": "2015-04-07T13:51:59Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1097-0258", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "informative missing" }, { "tag": "mixed treatment comparison" }, { "tag": "sensitivity analysis" } ], "collections": [ "7EFB6EBD" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:31:53Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:31:53Z" } }, { "key": "W5DDQZ7G", "version": 110, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/W5DDQZ7G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/W5DDQZ7G", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Owen et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "W5DDQZ7G", "version": 110, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Network meta-analysis: development of a three-level hierarchical modeling approach incorporating dose-related constraints", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rhiannon K.", "lastName": "Owen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Douglas G.", "lastName": "Tincello" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. Abrams", "lastName": "Keith" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Network meta-analysis (NMA) is commonly used in evidence synthesis; however, in situations in which there are a large number of treatment options, which may be subdivided into classes, and relatively few trials, NMAs produce considerable uncertainty in the estimated treatment effects, and consequently, identification of the most beneficial intervention remains inconclusive.\nOBJECTIVE: To develop and demonstrate the use of evidence synthesis methods to evaluate extensive treatment networks with a limited number of trials, making use of classes.\nMETHODS: Using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, we build on the existing work of a random effects NMA to develop a three-level hierarchical NMA model that accounts for the exchangeability between treatments within the same class as well as for the residual between-study heterogeneity. We demonstrate the application of these methods to a continuous and binary outcome, using a motivating example of overactive bladder. We illustrate methods for incorporating ordering constraints in increasing doses, model selection, and assessing inconsistency between the direct and indirect evidence.\nRESULTS: The methods were applied to a data set obtained from a systematic literature review of trials for overactive bladder, evaluating the mean reduction in incontinence episodes from baseline and the number of patients reporting one or more adverse events. The data set involved 72 trials comparing 34 interventions that were categorized into nine classes of interventions, including placebo.\nCONCLUSIONS: Bayesian three-level hierarchical NMAs have the potential to increase the precision in the effect estimates while maintaining the interpretability of the individual interventions for decision making.", "publicationTitle": "Value in Health: The Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 2015", "volume": "18", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "116-126", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Value Health", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jval.2014.10.006", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1524-4733", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Network meta-analysis", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "6CDCUJ3B" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:31:42Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:31:42Z" } }, { "key": "E39Q84VU", "version": 110, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/E39Q84VU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/E39Q84VU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Warren et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-06-30", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "E39Q84VU", "version": 110, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Hierarchical network meta-analysis models to address sparsity of events and differing treatment classifications with regard to adverse outcomes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fiona C.", "lastName": "Warren" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Keith R.", "lastName": "Abrams" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alex J.", "lastName": "Sutton" } ], "abstractNote": "Meta-analysis for adverse events resulting from medical interventions has many challenges, in part due to small numbers of such events within primary studies. Furthermore, variability in drug dose, potential differences between drugs within the same pharmaceutical class and multiple indications for a specific treatment can all add to the complexity of the evidence base. This paper explores the use of synthesis methods, incorporating mixed treatment comparisons, to estimate the risk of adverse events for a medical intervention, while acknowledging and modelling the complexity of the structure of the evidence base. The motivating example was the effect on malignancy of three anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drugs (etanercept, adalimumab and infliximab) indicated to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Using data derived from 13 primary studies, a series of meta-analysis models of increasing complexity were applied. Models ranged from a straightforward comparison of anti-TNF against non-anti-TNF controls, to more complex models in which a treatment was defined by individual drug and its dose. Hierarchical models to allow 'borrowing strength' across treatment classes and dose levels, and models involving constraints on the impact of dose level, are described. These models provide a flexible approach to estimating sparse, often adverse, outcomes associated with interventions. Each model makes its own set of assumptions, and approaches to assessing goodness of fit of the various models will usually be extremely limited in their effectiveness, due to the sparse nature of the data. Both methodological and clinical considerations are required to fit realistically complex models in this area and to evaluate their appropriateness.", "publicationTitle": "Statistics in Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 30, 2014", "volume": "33", "issue": "14", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2449-2466", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Stat Med", "DOI": "10.1002/sim.6131", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1097-0258", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Antibodies, Monoclonal" }, { "tag": "Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized" }, { "tag": "Antirheumatic Agents" }, { "tag": "Arthritis, Rheumatoid" }, { "tag": "Data Interpretation, Statistical" }, { "tag": "Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions" }, { "tag": "Humans" }, { "tag": "Meta-Analysis as Topic" }, { "tag": "Models, Statistical" }, { "tag": "Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor" }, { "tag": "Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha" }, { "tag": "immunoglobulin G" } ], "collections": [ "6CDCUJ3B" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:31:32Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:31:32Z" } }, { "key": "JBQVIJ6Q", "version": 109, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/JBQVIJ6Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/JBQVIJ6Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Nikolakopoulou et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JBQVIJ6Q", "version": 109, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Using conditional power of network meta-analysis (NMA) to inform the design of future clinical trials", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Adriani", "lastName": "Nikolakopoulou" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dimitris", "lastName": "Mavridis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Georgia", "lastName": "Salanti" } ], "abstractNote": "Clinical trials are typically designed with an aim to reach sufficient power to test a hypothesis about relative effectiveness of two or more interventions. Their role in informing evidence-based decision-making demands, however, that they are considered in the context of the existing evidence. Consequently, their planning can be informed by characteristics of relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses. In the presence of multiple competing interventions the evidence base has the form of a network of trials, which provides information not only about the required sample size but also about the interventions that should be compared in a future trial. In this paper we present a methodology to evaluate the impact of new studies, their information size, the comparisons involved, and the anticipated heterogeneity on the conditional power (CP) of the updated network meta-analysis. The methods presented are an extension of the idea of CP initially suggested for a pairwise meta-analysis and we show how to estimate the required sample size using various combinations of direct and indirect evidence in future trials. We apply the methods to two previously published networks and we show that CP for a treatment comparison is dependent on the magnitude of heterogeneity and the ratio of direct to indirect information in existing and future trials for that comparison. Our methodology can help investigators calculate the required sample size under different assumptions about heterogeneity and make decisions about the number and design of future studies (set of treatments compared).", "publicationTitle": "Biometrical Journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 2014", "volume": "56", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "973-990", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biom J", "DOI": "10.1002/bimj.201300216", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1521-4036", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "F6HT2F5Z" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:30:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:30:41Z" } }, { "key": "DZXU3KFB", "version": 108, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/DZXU3KFB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/DZXU3KFB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Welton et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-02-23", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DZXU3KFB", "version": 108, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Accounting for Heterogeneity in Relative Treatment Effects for Use in Cost-Effectiveness Models and Value-of-Information Analyses", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicky J.", "lastName": "Welton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marta O.", "lastName": "Soares" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen", "lastName": "Palmer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. E.", "lastName": "Ades" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Harrison" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Manu", "lastName": "Shankar-Hari" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kathy M.", "lastName": "Rowan" } ], "abstractNote": "Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) models are routinely used to inform health care policy. Key model inputs include relative effectiveness of competing treatments, typically informed by meta-analysis. Heterogeneity is ubiquitous in meta-analysis, and random effects models are usually used when there is variability in effects across studies. In the absence of observed treatment effect modifiers, various summaries from the random effects distribution (random effects mean, predictive distribution, random effects distribution, or study-specific estimate [shrunken or independent of other studies]) can be used depending on the relationship between the setting for the decision (population characteristics, treatment definitions, and other contextual factors) and the included studies. If covariates have been measured that could potentially explain the heterogeneity, then these can be included in a meta-regression model. We describe how covariates can be included in a network meta-analysis model and how the output from such an analysis can be used in a CEA model. We outline a model selection procedure to help choose between competing models and stress the importance of clinical input. We illustrate the approach with a health technology assessment of intravenous immunoglobulin for the management of adult patients with severe sepsis in an intensive care setting, which exemplifies how risk of bias information can be incorporated into CEA models. We show that the results of the CEA and value-of-information analyses are sensitive to the model and highlight the importance of sensitivity analyses when conducting CEA in the presence of heterogeneity. The methods presented extend naturally to heterogeneity in other model inputs, such as baseline risk.", "publicationTitle": "Medical Decision Making: An International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 23, 2015", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Med Decis Making", "DOI": "10.1177/0272989X15570113", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1552-681X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "ENG", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DEEJMXST" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:30:27Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:30:27Z" } }, { "key": "74ZBK3P8", "version": 108, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/74ZBK3P8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/74ZBK3P8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mavridis et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-12-30", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "74ZBK3P8", "version": 108, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A selection model for accounting for publication bias in a full network meta-analysis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dimitris", "lastName": "Mavridis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicky J.", "lastName": "Welton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alex", "lastName": "Sutton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Georgia", "lastName": "Salanti" } ], "abstractNote": "Copas and Shi suggested a selection model to explore the potential impact of publication bias via sensitivity analysis based on assumptions for the probability of publication of trials conditional on the precision of their results. Chootrakool et al. extended this model to three-arm trials but did not fully account for the implications of the consistency assumption, and their model is difficult to generalize for complex network structures with more than three treatments. Fitting these selection models within a frequentist setting requires maximization of a complex likelihood function, and identification problems are common. We have previously presented a Bayesian implementation of the selection model when multiple treatments are compared with a common reference treatment. We now present a general model suitable for complex, full network meta-analysis that accounts for consistency when adjusting results for publication bias. We developed a design-by-treatment selection model to describe the mechanism by which studies with different designs (sets of treatments compared in a trial) and precision may be selected for publication. We fit the model in a Bayesian setting because it avoids the numerical problems encountered in the frequentist setting, it is generalizable with respect to the number of treatments and study arms, and it provides a flexible framework for sensitivity analysis using external knowledge. Our model accounts for the additional uncertainty arising from publication bias more successfully compared to the standard Copas model or its previous extensions. We illustrate the methodology using a published triangular network for the failure of vascular graft or arterial patency. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "publicationTitle": "Statistics in Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 30, 2014", "volume": "33", "issue": "30", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "5399-5412", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Statist. Med.", "DOI": "10.1002/sim.6321", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.6321/abstract", "accessDate": "2015-04-07T13:49:43Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1097-0258", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Publication Bias" }, { "tag": "consistency" }, { "tag": "mixed treatment comparison" }, { "tag": "propensity for publication" }, { "tag": "study design" } ], "collections": [ "DEEJMXST" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:30:16Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:30:16Z" } }, { "key": "THD8ZRFI", "version": 107, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/THD8ZRFI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/THD8ZRFI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Naci et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-10-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "THD8ZRFI", "version": 107, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Industry sponsorship bias in research findings: a network meta-analysis of LDL cholesterol reduction in randomised trials of statins", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Huseyin", "lastName": "Naci" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sofia", "lastName": "Dias" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. E.", "lastName": "Ades" } ], "abstractNote": "Objective To explore the risk of industry sponsorship bias in a systematically identified set of placebo controlled and active comparator trials of statins.\nDesign Systematic review and network meta-analysis.\nEligibility Open label and double blind randomised controlled trials comparing one statin with another at any dose or with control (placebo, diet, or usual care) for adults with, or at risk of developing, cardiovascular disease. Only trials that lasted longer than four weeks with more than 50 participants per trial arm were included. Two investigators assessed study eligibility.\nData sources Bibliographic databases and reference lists of relevant articles published between 1 January 1985 and 10 March 2013.\nData extraction One investigator extracted data and another confirmed accuracy.\nMain outcome measure Mean absolute change from baseline concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.\nData synthesis Study level outcomes from randomised trials were combined using random effects network meta-analyses.\nResults We included 183 randomised controlled trials of statins, 103 of which were two-armed or multi-armed active comparator trials. When all of the existing randomised evidence was synthesised in network meta-analyses, there were clear differences in the LDL cholesterol lowering effects of individual statins at different doses. In general, higher doses resulted in higher reductions in baseline LDL cholesterol levels. Of a total of 146 industry sponsored trials, 64 were placebo controlled (43.8%). The corresponding number for the non-industry sponsored trials was 16 (43.2%). Of the 35 unique comparisons available in 37 non-industry sponsored trials, 31 were also available in industry sponsored trials. There were no systematic differences in magnitude between the LDL cholesterol lowering effects of individual statins observed in industry sponsored versus non-industry sponsored trials. In industry sponsored trials, the mean change from baseline LDL cholesterol level was on average 1.77 mg/dL (95% credible interval −11.12 to 7.66) lower than the change observed in non-industry sponsored trials. There was no detectable inconsistency in the evidence network.\nConclusions Our analysis shows that the findings obtained from industry sponsored statin trials seem similar in magnitude as those in non-industry sources. There are actual differences in the effectiveness of individual statins at various doses that explain previously observed discrepancies between industry and non-industry sponsored trials.", "publicationTitle": "BMJ", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 3, 2014", "volume": "349", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1136/bmj.g5741", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g5741", "accessDate": "2015-04-07T13:49:09Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1756-1833", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Industry sponsorship bias in research findings", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.bmj.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DEEJMXST" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:29:55Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:29:55Z" } }, { "key": "DJF9AER4", "version": 106, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/DJF9AER4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/DJF9AER4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ishak et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-03-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DJF9AER4", "version": 106, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Simulation and Matching-Based Approaches for Indirect Comparison of Treatments", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K. Jack", "lastName": "Ishak" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Irina", "lastName": "Proskorovsky" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Agnes", "lastName": "Benedict" } ], "abstractNote": "Estimates of the relative effects of competing treatments are rarely available from head-to-head trials. These effects must therefore be derived from indirect comparisons of results from different studies. The feasibility of comparisons relies on the network linking treatments through common comparators; the reliability of these may also be impacted when the studies are heterogeneous or when multiple intermediate comparisons are needed to link two specific treatments of interest. Simulated treatment comparison and matching-adjusted indirect comparison have been developed to address these challenges. These focus on comparisons of outcomes for two specific treatments of interest by using patient-level data for one treatment (the index) and published results for the other treatment (the comparator) from compatible studies, taking into account possible confounding due to population differences. This paper provides an overview of how and when these approaches can be used as an alternative or to complement standard MTC approaches.", "publicationTitle": "PharmacoEconomics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 21, 2015", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Pharmacoeconomics", "DOI": "10.1007/s40273-015-0271-1", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1179-2027", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "ENG", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "72CZ6XZW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:27:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:27:24Z" } }, { "key": "SGBUVMUR", "version": 105, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/SGBUVMUR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/SGBUVMUR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Veroniki et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-09-19", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SGBUVMUR", "version": 105, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Characteristics of a loop of evidence that affect detection and estimation of inconsistency: a simulation study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Areti A.", "lastName": "Veroniki" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dimitris", "lastName": "Mavridis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julian PT", "lastName": "Higgins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Georgia", "lastName": "Salanti" } ], "abstractNote": "PMID: 25239546", "publicationTitle": "BMC Medical Research Methodology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 19, 2014", "volume": "14", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1186/1471-2288-14-106", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2288/14/106/abstract", "accessDate": "2015-04-07T13:45:38Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1471-2288", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Characteristics of a loop of evidence that affect detection and estimation of inconsistency", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.biomedcentral.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bias" }, { "tag": "Coherence" }, { "tag": "Multiple interventions" }, { "tag": "Simulation study" }, { "tag": "consistency" }, { "tag": "mixed treatment comparison" } ], "collections": [ "72CZ6XZW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:23:20Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:23:20Z" } }, { "key": "EW4PPTGT", "version": 105, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/EW4PPTGT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/EW4PPTGT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bafeta et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-03-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EW4PPTGT", "version": 105, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Reporting of results from network meta-analyses: methodological systematic review", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Aïda", "lastName": "Bafeta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ludovic", "lastName": "Trinquart" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Raphaèle", "lastName": "Seror" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philippe", "lastName": "Ravaud" } ], "abstractNote": "Objective To examine how the results of network meta-analyses are reported.\nDesign Methodological systematic review of published reports of network meta-analyses.\nData sources Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Medline, and Embase, searched from inception to 12 July 2012.\nStudy selection All network meta-analyses comparing the clinical efficacy of three or more interventions in randomised controlled trials were included, excluding meta-analyses with an open loop network of three interventions.\nData extraction and synthesis The reporting of the network and results was assessed. A composite outcome included the description of the network (number of interventions, direct comparisons, and randomised controlled trials and patients for each comparison) and the reporting of effect sizes derived from direct evidence, indirect evidence, and the network meta-analysis.\nResults 121 network meta-analyses (55 published in general journals; 48 funded by at least one private source) were included. The network and its geometry (network graph) were not reported in 100 (83%) articles. The effect sizes derived from direct evidence, indirect evidence, and the network meta-analysis were not reported in 48 (40%), 108 (89%), and 43 (36%) articles, respectively. In 52 reports that ranked interventions, 43 did not report the uncertainty in ranking. Overall, 119 (98%) reports of network meta-analyses did not give a description of the network or effect sizes from direct evidence, indirect evidence, and the network meta-analysis. This finding did not differ by journal type or funding source.\nConclusions The results of network meta-analyses are heterogeneously reported. Development of reporting guidelines to assist authors in writing and readers in critically appraising reports of network meta-analyses is timely.", "publicationTitle": "BMJ", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 11, 2014", "volume": "348", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1136/bmj.g1741", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g1741", "accessDate": "2015-04-07T13:44:57Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1756-1833", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Reporting of results from network meta-analyses", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.bmj.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "72CZ6XZW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:23:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:23:06Z" } }, { "key": "Z3RM4NAZ", "version": 104, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/Z3RM4NAZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/Z3RM4NAZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hutton et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-03-26", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Z3RM4NAZ", "version": 104, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Quality of Reporting Methods and Results in Network Meta-Analyses: An Overview of Reviews and Suggestions for Improvement", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brian", "lastName": "Hutton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Georgia", "lastName": "Salanti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anna", "lastName": "Chaimani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Deborah M.", "lastName": "Caldwell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chris", "lastName": "Schmid" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kristian", "lastName": "Thorlund" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Edward", "lastName": "Mills" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ferrán", "lastName": "Catalá-López" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lucy", "lastName": "Turner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Douglas G.", "lastName": "Altman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Moher" } ], "abstractNote": "IntroductionSome have suggested the quality of reporting of network meta-analyses (a technique used to synthesize information to compare multiple interventions) is sub-optimal. We sought to review information addressing this claim.ObjectiveTo conduct an overview of existing evaluations of quality of reporting in network meta-analyses and indirect treatment comparisons, and to compile a list of topics which may require detailed reporting guidance to enhance future reporting quality.MethodsAn electronic search of Medline and the Cochrane Registry of methodologic studies (January 2004–August 2013) was performed by an information specialist. Studies describing findings from quality of reporting assessments were sought. Screening of abstracts and full texts was performed by two team members. Descriptors related to all aspects of reporting a network meta-analysis were summarized.ResultsWe included eight reports exploring the quality of reporting of network meta-analyses. From past reviews, authors found several aspects of network meta-analyses were inadequately reported, including primary information about literature searching, study selection, and risk of bias evaluations; statement of the underlying assumptions for network meta-analysis, as well as efforts to verify their validity; details of statistical models used for analyses (including information for both Bayesian and Frequentist approaches); completeness of reporting of findings; and approaches for summarizing probability measures as additional important considerations.ConclusionsWhile few studies were identified, several deficiencies in the current reporting of network meta-analyses were observed. These findings reinforce the need to develop reporting guidance for network meta-analyses. Findings from this review will be used to guide next steps in the development of reporting guidance for network meta-analysis in the format of an extension of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis) Statement.", "publicationTitle": "PLoS ONE", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 26, 2014", "volume": "9", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PLoS ONE", "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0092508", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092508", "accessDate": "2015-04-07T13:43:54Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Quality of Reporting Methods and Results in Network Meta-Analyses", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PLoS Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "RHT9D6SC" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:22:36Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:22:36Z" } }, { "key": "XHMA8UT5", "version": 105, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/XHMA8UT5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/XHMA8UT5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Nikolakopoulou et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-01-22", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XHMA8UT5", "version": 105, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Characteristics of Networks of Interventions: A Description of a Database of 186 Published Networks", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Adriani", "lastName": "Nikolakopoulou" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anna", "lastName": "Chaimani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Areti Angeliki", "lastName": "Veroniki" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Haris S.", "lastName": "Vasiliadis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher H.", "lastName": "Schmid" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Georgia", "lastName": "Salanti" } ], "abstractNote": "Systematic reviews that employ network meta-analysis are undertaken and published with increasing frequency while related statistical methodology is evolving. Future statistical developments and evaluation of the existing methodologies could be motivated by the characteristics of the networks of interventions published so far in order to tackle real rather than theoretical problems. Based on the recently formed network meta-analysis literature we aim to provide an insight into the characteristics of networks in healthcare research. We searched PubMed until end of 2012 for meta-analyses that used any form of indirect comparison. We collected data from networks that compared at least four treatments regarding their structural characteristics as well as characteristics of their analysis. We then conducted a descriptive analysis of the various network characteristics. We included 186 networks of which 35 (19%) were star-shaped (treatments were compared to a common comparator but not between themselves). The median number of studies per network was 21 and the median number of treatments compared was 6. The majority (85%) of the non-star shaped networks included at least one multi-arm study. Synthesis of data was primarily done via network meta-analysis fitted within a Bayesian framework (113 (61%) networks). We were unable to identify the exact method used to perform indirect comparison in a sizeable number of networks (18 (9%)). In 32% of the networks the investigators employed appropriate statistical methods to evaluate the consistency assumption; this percentage is larger among recently published articles. Our descriptive analysis provides useful information about the characteristics of networks of interventions published the last 16 years and the methods for their analysis. Although the validity of network meta-analysis results highly depends on some basic assumptions, most authors did not report and evaluate them adequately. Reviewers and editors need to be aware of these assumptions and insist on their reporting and accuracy.", "publicationTitle": "PLoS ONE", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 22, 2014", "volume": "9", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PLoS ONE", "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0086754", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086754", "accessDate": "2015-04-07T13:42:45Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Characteristics of Networks of Interventions", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PLoS Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "72CZ6XZW", "RHT9D6SC" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:22:15Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:22:15Z" } }, { "key": "P6VT3FG7", "version": 103, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/P6VT3FG7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/P6VT3FG7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jackson et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-09-20", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "P6VT3FG7", "version": 103, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A design-by-treatment interaction model for network meta-analysis with random inconsistency effects", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dan", "lastName": "Jackson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jessica K.", "lastName": "Barrett" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen", "lastName": "Rice" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ian R.", "lastName": "White" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julian P. T.", "lastName": "Higgins" } ], "abstractNote": "Network meta-analysis is becoming more popular as a way to analyse multiple treatments simultaneously and, in the right circumstances, rank treatments. A difficulty in practice is the possibility of 'inconsistency' or 'incoherence', where direct evidence and indirect evidence are not in agreement. Here, we develop a random-effects implementation of the recently proposed design-by-treatment interaction model, using these random effects to model inconsistency and estimate the parameters of primary interest. Our proposal is a generalisation of the model proposed by Lumley and allows trials with three or more arms to be included in the analysis. Our methods also facilitate the ranking of treatments under inconsistency. We derive R and I(2) statistics to quantify the impact of the between-study heterogeneity and the inconsistency. We apply our model to two examples.", "publicationTitle": "Statistics in Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 20, 2014", "volume": "33", "issue": "21", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3639-3654", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Stat Med", "DOI": "10.1002/sim.6188", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1097-0258", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "EVHP3GPI" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:21:49Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:21:49Z" } }, { "key": "E97HFRA9", "version": 103, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/E97HFRA9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/E97HFRA9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Krahn et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-12-16", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "E97HFRA9", "version": 103, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Visualizing inconsistency in network meta-analysis by independent path decomposition", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ulrike", "lastName": "Krahn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Harald", "lastName": "Binder" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jochem", "lastName": "König" } ], "abstractNote": "PMID: 25510877", "publicationTitle": "BMC Medical Research Methodology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 16, 2014", "volume": "14", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1186/1471-2288-14-131", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2288/14/131/abstract", "accessDate": "2015-04-07T13:41:35Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1471-2288", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.biomedcentral.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Inconsistency" }, { "tag": "Influence diagnostics" }, { "tag": "Multiple treatments comparison meta-analysis" }, { "tag": "forest plot" }, { "tag": "mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis" }, { "tag": "network meta-analysis" } ], "collections": [ "EVHP3GPI" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:21:39Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:21:39Z" } }, { "key": "H2V9ZKRH", "version": 103, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/H2V9ZKRH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/H2V9ZKRH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Piepho", "parsedDate": "2014-05-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "H2V9ZKRH", "version": 103, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Network-meta analysis made easy: detection of inconsistency using factorial analysis-of-variance models", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hans-Peter", "lastName": "Piepho" } ], "abstractNote": "PMID: 24885590", "publicationTitle": "BMC Medical Research Methodology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 10, 2014", "volume": "14", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1186/1471-2288-14-61", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2288/14/61/abstract", "accessDate": "2015-04-07T13:40:21Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1471-2288", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Network-meta analysis made easy", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.biomedcentral.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Analysis of Variance" }, { "tag": "Baseline contrast" }, { "tag": "Inconsistency" }, { "tag": "Linear mixed model" }, { "tag": "PRESS residual" }, { "tag": "Pairwise treatment contrast" }, { "tag": "Studentized residual" }, { "tag": "heterogeneity" }, { "tag": "network meta-analysis" } ], "collections": [ "EVHP3GPI" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:21:27Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:21:27Z" } }, { "key": "8Z8FJAQZ", "version": 102, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/8Z8FJAQZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/8Z8FJAQZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Miladinovic et al.", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8Z8FJAQZ", "version": 102, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Indirect treatment comparison", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Branko", "lastName": "Miladinovic" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anna", "lastName": "Chaimani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Iztok", "lastName": "Hozo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Benjamin", "lastName": "Djulbegovic" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Stata Journal", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014", "volume": "14", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "76-86", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://ideas.repec.org/a/tsj/stataj/v14y2014i1p76-86.html", "accessDate": "2015-04-07T13:39:30Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DWCFFFTJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:20:42Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:20:42Z" } }, { "key": "KIDX9I6M", "version": 104, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/KIDX9I6M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/KIDX9I6M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Salanti et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-07-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KIDX9I6M", "version": 104, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Evaluating the Quality of Evidence from a Network Meta-Analysis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Georgia", "lastName": "Salanti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cinzia", "lastName": "Del Giovane" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anna", "lastName": "Chaimani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Deborah M.", "lastName": "Caldwell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julian P. T.", "lastName": "Higgins" } ], "abstractNote": "Systematic reviews that collate data about the relative effects of multiple interventions via network meta-analysis are highly informative for decision-making purposes. A network meta-analysis provides two types of findings for a specific outcome: the relative treatment effect for all pairwise comparisons, and a ranking of the treatments. It is important to consider the confidence with which these two types of results can enable clinicians, policy makers and patients to make informed decisions. We propose an approach to determining confidence in the output of a network meta-analysis. Our proposed approach is based on methodology developed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group for pairwise meta-analyses. The suggested framework for evaluating a network meta-analysis acknowledges (i) the key role of indirect comparisons (ii) the contributions of each piece of direct evidence to the network meta-analysis estimates of effect size; (iii) the importance of the transitivity assumption to the validity of network meta-analysis; and (iv) the possibility of disagreement between direct evidence and indirect evidence. We apply our proposed strategy to a systematic review comparing topical antibiotics without steroids for chronically discharging ears with underlying eardrum perforations. The proposed framework can be used to determine confidence in the results from a network meta-analysis. Judgements about evidence from a network meta-analysis can be different from those made about evidence from pairwise meta-analyses.", "publicationTitle": "PLoS ONE", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 3, 2014", "volume": "9", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PLoS ONE", "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0099682", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099682", "accessDate": "2015-04-07T13:39:04Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PLoS Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DWCFFFTJ", "RHT9D6SC" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:17:39Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:17:39Z" } }, { "key": "THJF2WXX", "version": 101, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/THJF2WXX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/THJF2WXX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Catalá-López et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "THJF2WXX", "version": 101, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Network meta-analysis for comparing treatment effects of multiple interventions: an introduction", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ferrán", "lastName": "Catalá-López" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Aurelio", "lastName": "Tobías" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chris", "lastName": "Cameron" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Moher" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brian", "lastName": "Hutton" } ], "abstractNote": "Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized trials have long been important synthesis tools for guiding evidence-based medicine. More recently, network meta-analyses, an extension of traditional meta-analyses enabling the comparison of multiple interventions, use new statistical methods to incorporate clinical evidence from both direct and indirect treatment comparisons in a network of treatments and associated trials. There is a need to provide education to ensure that core methodological considerations underlying network meta-analyses are well understood by readers and researchers to maximize their ability to appropriately interpret findings and appraise validity. Network meta-analyses are highly informative for assessing the comparative effects of multiple competing interventions in clinical practice and are a valuable tool for health technology assessment and comparative effectiveness research.", "publicationTitle": "Rheumatology International", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 2014", "volume": "34", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1489-1496", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Rheumatol. Int.", "DOI": "10.1007/s00296-014-2994-2", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1437-160X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Network meta-analysis for comparing treatment effects of multiple interventions", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DWCFFFTJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:17:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:17:24Z" } }, { "key": "D47NNQQN", "version": 101, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/D47NNQQN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/D47NNQQN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Biondi-Zoccai et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-03-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "D47NNQQN", "version": 101, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Network meta-analysis for evidence synthesis: What is it and why is it posed to dominate cardiovascular decision making?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giuseppe", "lastName": "Biondi-Zoccai" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Antonio", "lastName": "Abbate" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Umberto", "lastName": "Benedetto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tullio", "lastName": "Palmerini" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fabrizio", "lastName": "D'Ascenzo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giacomo", "lastName": "Frati" } ], "abstractNote": "Clinical decision-making requires synthesis of an often complex evidence base. Novel tools have been developed building upon the historical approach of reviewing the literature focusing on a specific topic. Stemming from qualitative reviews, systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials, typically encompassing statistical pooling with pairwise meta-analysis, have been devised and are now considered one of the uppermost ladders in the hierarchy of clinical evidence. In the last decade, the exponential growth in randomized trials and the introduction of original computational methods have created the novel opportunity to compare indirectly competing treatments, as well as combining effect estimates stemming from head-to-head trials with those obtained by indirect comparisons. These methods include adjusted indirect comparison meta-analysis, network meta-analysis, and mixed treatment comparison. While still the focus of intense research and debate, they represent a powerful tool for evidence synthesis and comparative effectiveness in cardiovascular research, and thus are likely to become increasingly popular and impactful in shaping research agenda and clinical practice. This is clearly highlighted by a number of recent landmark network meta-analyses on smoking cessation therapies, coronary stents, and management of patent foramen ovale in patients with history of cryptogenic stroke.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Cardiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 1, 2015", "volume": "182", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "309-314", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Int. J. Cardiol.", "DOI": "10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.01.023", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1874-1754", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Network meta-analysis for evidence synthesis", "language": "ENG", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DWCFFFTJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:17:17Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:17:17Z" } }, { "key": "M5HFN7DU", "version": 101, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/M5HFN7DU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/M5HFN7DU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Thorlund et al.", "parsedDate": "2015", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "M5HFN7DU", "version": 101, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Incorporating alternative design clinical trials in network meta-analyses", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kristian", "lastName": "Thorlund" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eric", "lastName": "Druyts" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kabirraaj", "lastName": "Toor" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeroen P.", "lastName": "Jansen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Edward J.", "lastName": "Mills" } ], "abstractNote": "INTRODUCTION: Network meta-analysis (NMA) is an extension of conventional pairwise meta-analysis that allows for simultaneous comparison of multiple interventions. Well-established drug class efficacies have become commonplace in many disease areas. Thus, for reasons of ethics and equipoise, it is not practical to randomize patients to placebo or older drug classes. Unique randomized clinical trial designs are an attempt to navigate these obstacles. These alternative designs, however, pose challenges when attempting to incorporate data into NMAs. Using ulcerative colitis as an example, we illustrate an example of a method where data provided by these trials are used to populate treatment networks.\nMETHODS: We present the methods used to convert data from the PURSUIT trial into a typical parallel design for inclusion in our NMA. Data were required for three arms: golimumab 100 mg; golimumab 50 mg; and placebo. Golimumab 100 mg induction data were available; however, data regarding those individuals who were nonresponders at induction and those who were responders at maintenance were not reported, and as such, had to be imputed using data from the rerandomization phase. Golimumab 50 mg data regarding responses at week 6 were not available. Existing relationships between the available components were used to impute the expected proportions in this missing subpopulation. Data for placebo maintenance response were incomplete, as all induction nonresponders were assigned to golimumab 100 mg. Data from the PURSUIT trial were combined with ACT-1 and ULTRA-2 trial data to impute missing information.\nDISCUSSION: We have demonstrated methods for converting results from alternative study designs to more conventional parallel randomized clinical trials. These conversions allow for indirect treatment comparisons that are informed by a wider array of evidence, adding to the precision of estimates.", "publicationTitle": "Clinical Epidemiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2015", "volume": "7", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "29-35", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Clin Epidemiol", "DOI": "10.2147/CLEP.S70853", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1179-1349", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DWCFFFTJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:17:07Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:17:07Z" } }, { "key": "S9Z7GJ8R", "version": 101, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/S9Z7GJ8R", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/S9Z7GJ8R", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Li et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "S9Z7GJ8R", "version": 101, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Network meta-analyses could be improved by searching more sources and by involving a librarian", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lun", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jinhui", "lastName": "Tian" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hongliang", "lastName": "Tian" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Moher" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fuxiang", "lastName": "Liang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tongxiao", "lastName": "Jiang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Liang", "lastName": "Yao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kehu", "lastName": "Yang" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE: Network meta-analyses (NMAs) aim to rank the benefits (or harms) of interventions, based on all available randomized controlled trials. Thus, the identification of relevant data is critical. We assessed the conduct of the literature searches in NMAs.\nSTUDY DESIGN: Published NMAs were retrieved by searching electronic bibliographic databases and other sources. Two independent reviewers selected studies and five trained reviewers abstracted data regarding literature searches, in duplicate. Search method details were examined using descriptive statistics.\nRESULTS: Two hundred forty-nine NMAs were included. Eight used previous systematic reviews to identify primary studies without further searching, and five did not report any literature searches. In the 236 studies that used electronic databases to identify primary studies, the median number of databases was 3 (interquartile range: 3-5). MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were the most commonly used databases. The most common supplemental search methods included reference lists of included studies (48%), reference lists of previous systematic reviews (40%), and clinical trial registries (32%). None of these supplemental methods was conducted in more than 50% of the NMAs.\nCONCLUSION: Literature searches in NMAs could be improved by searching more sources, and by involving a librarian or information specialist.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Clinical Epidemiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 2014", "volume": "67", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1001-1007", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Clin Epidemiol", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.04.003", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1878-5921", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Databases, Bibliographic" }, { "tag": "Humans" }, { "tag": "Information Services" }, { "tag": "Information Storage and Retrieval" }, { "tag": "Librarians" }, { "tag": "Medline" }, { "tag": "Meta-Analysis as Topic" } ], "collections": [ "DWCFFFTJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:16:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:16:54Z" } }, { "key": "DKB5U74C", "version": 100, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 171915, "name": "Network Meta-Analysis Methods", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/171915/items/DKB5U74C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/network_meta-analysis_methods/items/DKB5U74C", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1410127, "username": "LorneBecker", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lornebecker", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Belsey", "parsedDate": "2015-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DKB5U74C", "version": 100, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Appropriate use of information in therapeutic decision-making: reflections on indirect comparisons", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. D.", "lastName": "Belsey" } ], "abstractNote": "Although the statistical strength of direct comparative randomized controlled trials is generally acknowledged, the particular demands of therapeutic decision making will often require indirect comparisons to be made, based on pooled data from multiple trials. As for all post-hoc analyses, the process of indirect comparison runs the risk of introducing significant bias into the results and consequently a robust statistical approach is required, in order to minimise the risk. To address this problem, a range of different methodologies have been developed over the past twenty years, using both frequentist and Bayesian models. It is important to appreciate the strengths and limitations of these techniques: however, the technical complexities tend to make this type of analysis somewhat opaque to the non-specialist reader. In this article, we consider the use of a simple, non-specialist critical appraisal tool developed by ISPOR, which allows methodological and interpretive errors to be identified and flagged as potential sources of bias, even when the detailed statistical methodology is not well understood by the reader.", "publicationTitle": "Current Medical Research and Opinion", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 2015", "volume": "31", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "343-346", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Curr Med Res Opin", "DOI": "10.1185/03007995.2014.1002559", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1473-4877", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Appropriate use of information in therapeutic decision-making", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DWCFFFTJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-08T18:16:04Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-08T18:16:04Z" } } ]