[ { "key": "VSCRBJGW", "version": 9329, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/VSCRBJGW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/VSCRBJGW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "McKinsey & Co", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "VSCRBJGW", "version": 9329, "itemType": "book", "title": "Charting Our Water Future: Economic frameworks to inform decision-making", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "McKinsey & Co" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2009", "publisher": "2030 Water Resources Group: McKinsey & Co", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "179", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "mckinsey&co2009", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "IV. Factors Shaping the Supply of Land to Agriculture" }, { "tag": "IV.c. Irrigation and water availability" }, { "tag": "IV.d. Climate change" }, { "tag": "IV.d.iii. Mitigation policies" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/10733/items/MNKICCDP" }, "dateAdded": "2010-07-21T02:41:42Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "NBN9JSC7", "version": 9329, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/NBN9JSC7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/NBN9JSC7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Riahi et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-09", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "NBN9JSC7", "version": 9329, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Scenarios of long-term socio-economic and environmental development under climate stabilization", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Keywan", "lastName": "Riahi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arnulf", "lastName": "Grübler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nebojsa", "lastName": "Nakicenovic" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper presents an overview of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenarios that form the analytical backbone for other contributions to this Special Issue. We first describe the motivation behind this scenario exercise and introduce the main scenario features and characteristics, in both qualitative and quantitative terms. Altogether, we analyze three [`]baseline' scenarios of different socio-economic and technological developments that are assumed not to include any explicit climate policies. We then impose a range of climate stabilization targets on these baseline scenarios and analyze in detail the feasibility, costs and uncertainties of meeting a range of different climate stabilization targets in accordance with Article 2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The scenarios were developed by the IIASA Integrated Assessment Modeling Framework that encompasses detailed representations of the principal GHG-emitting sectors--energy, industry, agriculture, and forestry. The main analytical findings from our analysis focus on the implications of salient uncertainties (associated with scenario baselines and stabilization targets), on feasibility and costs of climate stabilization efforts, and on the choice of appropriate portfolios of emissions abatement measures. We further analyze individual technological options with regards to their aggregated cumulative contribution toward emissions mitigation during the 21st century as well as their deployment over time. Our results illustrate that the energy sector will remain by far the largest source of GHG emissions and hence remain the prime target of emissions reduction. Ultimately, this may lead to a complete restructuring of the global energy system. Climate mitigation could also significantly change the relative economics of traditional versus new, more climate friendly products and services. This is especially the case within the energy system, which accounts for the largest share of emissions reductions, but it is also the case in the agriculture and forestry sectors, where emissions reduction and sink enhancement measures are relatively more modest.", "publicationTitle": "Technological Forecasting and Social Change", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 2007", "volume": "74", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "887-935", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.techfore.2006.05.026", "citationKey": "riahi2007", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V71-4M87783-1/2/8657db1fa2f3220731fd27eb983b5622", "accessDate": "2010-07-21T01:40:48Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0040-1625", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-21T01:40:48Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "J7Q6CRXE", "version": 9329, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/J7Q6CRXE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/J7Q6CRXE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fischer", "parsedDate": "2009-06-24", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "J7Q6CRXE", "version": 9329, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "How do climate change and bioenergy alter the long-term outlook for food, agriculture and resource availability?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Günther", "lastName": "Fischer" } ], "abstractNote": "", "proceedingsTitle": "Session 2: The resource base to 2050: Will there be enough land, water and genetic potential to meet future food and biofuel demands?", "conferenceName": "FAO Expert meeting on How to Feed the World in 2050", "publisher": "", "place": "Rome, Italy", "date": "24-26 June 2009", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "fischer2009", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "III. Factors Shaping the Demand for Land in Agriculture" }, { "tag": "III.a. Population Growth" }, { "tag": "III.b. Growth in per capita incomes" }, { "tag": "III.c. Biofuels and global land use" }, { "tag": "III.c.i. Crop-based biofuels" }, { "tag": "III.c.ii. Forestry-based biofuels" }, { "tag": "III.d. Scope for increasing yields" }, { "tag": "III.d.i. Intensification of production" }, { "tag": "III.d.i.2. Potential for increased intensification" }, { "tag": "IV. Factors Shaping the Supply of Land to Agriculture" }, { "tag": "IV.d. Climate change" }, { "tag": "IV.d.i. Impacts in agriculture" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/10733/items/E9VAS585" }, "dateAdded": "2010-07-21T00:05:35Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "VVAND7UP", "version": 9329, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/VVAND7UP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/VVAND7UP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lobell et al.", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "VVAND7UP", "version": 9329, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Crop Yield Gaps: Their Importance, Magnitudes, and Causes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David B.", "lastName": "Lobell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kenneth G.", "lastName": "Cassman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher B.", "lastName": "Field" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Annual Review of Environment and Resources", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "11/2009", "volume": "34", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "179-204", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Annu. Rev. Environ. Resourc.", "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.environ.041008.093740", "citationKey": "lobell2009", "url": "http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.environ.041008.093740", "accessDate": "2010-03-17T00:51:21Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1543-5938", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Crop Yield Gaps", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "III. Factors Shaping the Demand for Land in Agriculture" }, { "tag": "III.d. Scope for increasing yields" }, { "tag": "III.d.i. Intensification of production" }, { "tag": "III.d.i.2. Potential for increased intensification" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/10733/items/HXZWZPVS" }, "dateAdded": "2010-07-21T02:38:03Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "E8PKE32H", "version": 9329, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/E8PKE32H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/E8PKE32H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Nelson et al.", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "E8PKE32H", "version": 9329, "itemType": "report", "title": "The Costs of Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gerald C.", "lastName": "Nelson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark W.", "lastName": "Rosegrant" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jawoo", "lastName": "Koo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard", "lastName": "Robertson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Timothy", "lastName": "Sulser" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tingju", "lastName": "Zhu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Claudia", "lastName": "Ringler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Siwa", "lastName": "Msangi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amanda", "lastName": "Palazzo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Miroslav", "lastName": "Batka" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marilia", "lastName": "Magalhaes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rowena", "lastName": "Valmonte-Santos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mandy", "lastName": "Ewing" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Lee" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)", "place": "", "date": "2010", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "nelson2010", "url": "", "accessDate": "2010-03-07T19:29:59Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "IV. Factors Shaping the Supply of Land to Agriculture" }, { "tag": "IV.d. Climate change" }, { "tag": "IV.d.i. Impacts in agriculture" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/10733/items/EMH6R7DC" }, "dateAdded": "2010-07-21T00:02:17Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "6TQFFKAC", "version": 9328, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/6TQFFKAC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/6TQFFKAC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Matthews et al.", "parsedDate": "2003-01-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "6TQFFKAC", "version": 9328, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Radiative forcing of climate by historical land cover change", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H. Damon", "lastName": "Matthews" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew J.", "lastName": "Weaver" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Eby" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katrin J.", "lastName": "Meissner" } ], "abstractNote": "The radiative effect of changing human land-use patterns on the climate\nof the past 300 years is discussed through analysis of a series of\nequilibrium and transient climate simulations using the UVic Earth\nSystem Climate Model. Land-surface changes are prescribed through\nvarying land cover type, representing the replacement of natural\nvegetation by human agricultural systems from 1700 to 1992. All land\ncover simulations show a cooling in the range of 0.09 to 0.22°C with\nlarger regional changes caused by local positive feedbacks.", "publicationTitle": "Geophysical Research Letters", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 1, 2003", "volume": "30", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "27-1", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "matthews2003", "url": "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003GeoRL..30b..27M", "accessDate": "2010-07-27T20:36:46Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NASA ADS", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Land/atmosphere interactions", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:36:46Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "QFKBSPHS", "version": 9328, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/QFKBSPHS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/QFKBSPHS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bounoua et al.", "parsedDate": "2002-01-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "QFKBSPHS", "version": 9328, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effects of Land Cover Conversion on Surface Climate", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Bounoua" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "DeFries" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. J.", "lastName": "Collatz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Sellers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Khan" } ], "abstractNote": "This study investigates the effects of large-scale human modification of land cover on regional and global climate. A general circulation model (Colorado State University GCM) coupled to a biophysically-based land surface model (SiB2) was used to run two 15-yr climate simulations. The control run used current vegetation distribution as observed by satellite for the year 1987 to derive the vegetation's physiological and morphological properties. The twin simulation used a realistic approximation of vegetation type distribution that would exist in the absence of human disturbance.In temperate latitudes, where anthropogenic modification of the landscape has converted large areas of forest and grassland to cropland, conversion cools canopy temperatures up to 0.7 ° C in summer and 1.1 ° C in winter. This cooling results from both (1) morphological changes in vegetation which increase albedo and (2) physiological changes in vegetation which increase latent heat flux of crops compared with undisturbed vegetation during the growing season. In the tropics and subtropics, conversion warms canopy temperature by about 0.8 ° C year round. The warming results from a combination of morphological changes in vegetation offset by physiological changes that reduce latent heat flux of existing compared with undisturbed vegetation. If water efficient, tropical C4 grasses replace C3 vegetation, latent heat flux is further reduced.The overall effect of land cover conversion is cooling in temperate latitudes and warming in the tropics. Because the effects are opposite in sign in tropics and middle latitudes, they cancel each other when averaged globally. Over land, the surface temperature increased by 0.2 C in winter and remained essentially unchanged in summer. The effects on land surface hydrology were also small when averaged globally. The results suggest that the effects of land use change of the observed magnitude do not have a strong impact on the globally averaged climate but their signature at regional scales is significant and vary according to the type of land cover conversion.", "publicationTitle": "Climatic Change", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 01, 2002", "volume": "52", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "29-64", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1023/A:1013051420309", "citationKey": "bounoua2002", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013051420309", "accessDate": "2010-07-27T20:35:07Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:35:07Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "2K6TXRSE", "version": 9328, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/2K6TXRSE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/2K6TXRSE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chase et al.", "parsedDate": "2000-02-08", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "2K6TXRSE", "version": 9328, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Simulated impacts of historical land cover changes on global climate in northern winter", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T. N.", "lastName": "Chase" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. A.", "lastName": "Pielke Sr." }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T. G. F.", "lastName": "Kittel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. R.", "lastName": "Nemani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. W.", "lastName": "Running" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract This ten-year general circulation model experiment compared a simulation where land surface boundary conditions were represented\nby observed, present day land cover to a simulation where the surface was represented by natural, potential land cover conditions.\nAs a result of these estimated changes in historical land cover, significant temperature and hydrology changes affected tropical\nland surfaces, where some of the largest historical disruptions in total vegetation biomass have occurred. Also of considerable\ninterest because of their broad scope and magnitude were changes in high-latitude Northern Hemisphere winter climate which\nresulted from changes in tropical convection, upper-level tropical outflow, and the generation of low-frequency tropical waves\nwhich propagated to the extratropics. These effects combined to move the Northern Hemisphere zonally averaged westerly jet\nto higher latitudes, broaden it, and reduce its maximum intensity. Low-level easterlies were also reduced over much of the\ntropical Pacific basin while positive anomalies in convective precipitation occurred in the central Pacific. Globally averaged\nchanges were small. Comparisons of recent, observed trends in tropical and Northern Hemisphere, mid-latitude climate with\nthese simulations suggests an interaction between the climatic effects of historical land cover changes and other modes of\nclimate variability.", "publicationTitle": "Climate Dynamics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 08, 2000", "volume": "16", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "93-105", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s003820050007", "citationKey": "chase2000", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050007", "accessDate": "2010-07-27T20:33:37Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:33:37Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "EC5FIHZP", "version": 9328, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/EC5FIHZP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/EC5FIHZP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Liu et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-04-27", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "EC5FIHZP", "version": 9328, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A high-resolution assessment on global nitrogen flows in cropland", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Junguo", "lastName": "Liu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Liangzhi", "lastName": "You" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Manouchehr", "lastName": "Amini" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Obersteiner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mario", "lastName": "Herrero" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alexander J. B.", "lastName": "Zehnder" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hong", "lastName": "Yang" } ], "abstractNote": "Crop production is the single largest cause of human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle. We present a comprehensive assessment of global nitrogen flows in cropland for the year 2000 with a spatial resolution of 5 arc-minutes. We calculated a total nitrogen input (IN) of 136.60 trillion grams (Tg) of N per year, of which almost half is contributed by mineral nitrogen fertilizers, and a total nitrogen output (OUT) of 148.14 Tg of N per year, of which 55% is uptake by harvested crops and crop residues. We present high-resolution maps quantifying the spatial distribution of nitrogen IN and OUT flows, soil nitrogen balance, and surface nitrogen balance. The high-resolution data are aggregated at the national level on a per capita basis to assess nitrogen stress levels. The results show that almost 80% of African countries are confronted with nitrogen scarcity or nitrogen stress problems, which, along with poverty, cause food insecurity and malnutrition. The assessment also shows a global average nitrogen recovery rate of 59%, indicating that nearly two-fifths of nitrogen inputs are lost in ecosystems. More effective management of nitrogen is essential to reduce the deleterious environmental consequences.\nER -", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 27 , 2010", "volume": "107", "issue": "17", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "8035 -8040", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0913658107", "citationKey": "liu2010", "url": "http://www.pnas.org/content/107/17/8035.abstract", "accessDate": "2010-07-27T20:32:54Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Highwire 2.0", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:32:54Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "T6XFK85N", "version": 9328, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/T6XFK85N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/T6XFK85N", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Shevliakova et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-06-23", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T6XFK85N", "version": 9328, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Carbon cycling under 300 years of land use change: Importance of the secondary vegetation sink", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elena", "lastName": "Shevliakova" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen W.", "lastName": "Pacala" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sergey", "lastName": "Malyshev" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "George C.", "lastName": "Hurtt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. C. D.", "lastName": "Milly" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John P.", "lastName": "Caspersen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lori T.", "lastName": "Sentman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Justin P.", "lastName": "Fisk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christian", "lastName": "Wirth" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cyril", "lastName": "Crevoisier" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Global Biogeochemical Cycles", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 23, 2009", "volume": "23", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "16 PP.", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Global Biogeochem. Cycles", "DOI": "200910.1029/2007GB003176", "citationKey": "shevliakova2009", "url": "http://www.agu.org/journals/ABS/2009/2007GB003176.shtml", "accessDate": "2010-07-27T20:29:23Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Carbon cycling under 300 years of land use change", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "AGU Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:29:23Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "SRXMA4XU", "version": 9328, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/SRXMA4XU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/SRXMA4XU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pitman et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-07-23", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SRXMA4XU", "version": 9328, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Uncertainties in climate responses to past land cover change: First results from the LUCID intercomparison study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. J.", "lastName": "Pitman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N. de", "lastName": "Noblet-Ducoudré" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F. T.", "lastName": "Cruz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E. L.", "lastName": "Davin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. B.", "lastName": "Bonan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V.", "lastName": "Brovkin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Claussen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Delire" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Ganzeveld" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V.", "lastName": "Gayler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B. J. J. M. van den", "lastName": "Hurk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. J.", "lastName": "Lawrence" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. K. van der", "lastName": "Molen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Müller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. H.", "lastName": "Reick" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. I.", "lastName": "Seneviratne" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B. J.", "lastName": "Strengers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Voldoire" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Geophysical Research Letters", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 23, 2009", "volume": "36", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "6 PP.", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Geophys. Res. Lett.", "DOI": "200910.1029/2009GL039076", "citationKey": "pitman2009", "url": "http://www.agu.org/journals/ABS/2009/2009GL039076.shtml", "accessDate": "2010-07-27T20:27:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Uncertainties in climate responses to past land cover change", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "AGU Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:27:34Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "7VAXQ5QE", "version": 9328, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/7VAXQ5QE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/7VAXQ5QE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "You and Wood", "parsedDate": "2006-10", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "7VAXQ5QE", "version": 9328, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "An entropy approach to spatial disaggregation of agricultural production", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Liangzhi", "lastName": "You" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stanley", "lastName": "Wood" } ], "abstractNote": "While agricultural production statistics are reported on a geopolitical - often national - basis we often need to know the status of production or productivity within specific sub-regions, watersheds, or agroecological zones. Such re-aggregations are typically made using expert judgments or simple area-weighting rules. We describe a new, entropy-based approach to making spatially disaggregated assessments of the distribution of crop production. Using this approach, tabular crop production statistics are blended judiciously with an array of other secondary data to assess the production of specific crops within individual [`]pixels' - typically 25-100 square kilometers in size. The information utilized includes crop production statistics, farming system characteristics, satellite-derived land cover data, biophysical crop suitability assessments, and population density. An application is presented in which Brazilian state level production statistics are used to generate pixel level crop production data for eight crops. To validate the spatial allocation we aggregated the pixel estimates to obtain synthetic estimates of municipality level production in Brazil, and compared those estimates with actual municipality statistics. The approach produced extremely promising results. We then examined the robustness of these results compared to short-cut approaches to allocating crop production statistics and showed that, while computationally intensive, the cross-entropy method does provide more reliable estimates of crop production patterns.", "publicationTitle": "Agricultural Systems", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 2006", "volume": "90", "issue": "1-3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "329-347", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.agsy.2006.01.008", "citationKey": "you2006", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T3W-4JKYWM1-1/2/381253576eb09660fc9860c6c8bb8e1f", "accessDate": "2010-07-27T20:26:26Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0308-521X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Crop distribution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Entropy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Production", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Remote sensing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spatial allocation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:26:26Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "7NFN6EHN", "version": 9328, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/7NFN6EHN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/7NFN6EHN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Matthews", "parsedDate": "1983-03-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "7NFN6EHN", "version": 9328, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Global Vegetation and Land Use: New High-Resolution Data Bases for Climate Studies.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elaine", "lastName": "Matthews" } ], "abstractNote": "Global vegetation and land-use data bases (1° latitude by 1°\nlongitude resolution), designed for use in studies of climate and\nclimate change, were compiled in digital form drawing upon approximately\n100 published sources complemented by a large collection of satellite\nimagery. The vegetation data were encoded using the UNESCO\nclassification system; land-use data were encoded using a classification\nsystem developed by the author. The vegetation and land-use data were\nthen integrated into a land-cover data base. Areal estimates for most\necosystems from the land-cover data base were found to be significantly\ndifferent from areal estimates derived from two other global land-cover\nsources. Possible explanations for discrepancies among these data bases\ninclude differences in ecosystem definitions and source material used in\ncompilation. From areal estimates of major ecosystems, derived from the\nnew vegetation and land-cover data bases it is estimated that the total\necosystem reduction caused by agricultural activities amounts to 17.6\n× 106 km2 globally, with the greatest\nreduction occurring in non-tropical forests. Extensive subsistence\nagriculture which remains largely unreported in crop inventories\naccounts for 2.6 × 106 km2 of this figure,\nwith the balance of 15 × 106 km2 agreeing\nencouragingly well with FAO's (1980) reported global crop area of 14.5\n× 106 km2. As an example of the flexibility\nof the new data base, areal estimates and brief definitions of selected\necosystem subdivisions are presented for the world and mapped for North\nAmerica.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Applied Meteorology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 1, 1983", "volume": "22", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "474-487", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "matthews1983", "url": "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983JApMe..22..474M", "accessDate": "2010-07-27T20:25:27Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Global Vegetation and Land Use", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NASA ADS", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:25:27Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "HTVWREVQ", "version": 9328, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/HTVWREVQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/HTVWREVQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Olson et al.", "parsedDate": "1983", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "HTVWREVQ", "version": 9328, "itemType": "book", "title": "Carbon in live vegetation of major world ecosystems", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. S", "lastName": "Olson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. A", "lastName": "Watts" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L. J", "lastName": "Allison" } ], "abstractNote": "A computerized data base was developed to make a seven-color global ecology map of 44 land ecosystem mosaics or subdivisions in seven broad groups. Our main objectives are to document this compouter-based global map of vegetation and carbon density for natural and modified complexes of ecosystems and to illustrate some human influences on the global carbon cycle. The map provides a basis for making improved estimates of vegetation areas and carbon quantities, of natural biological exchanges of CO/sub 2/, and eventually of the net historic shifts of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Estimates of biomass in trees and total carbon in live plants per unit area are tabulated. The results help define the role of the terrestrial biosphere in the global carbon cycle. Results also imply major historic reductions of global carbon for broad regions and most vegetation types. Lowered estimates of carbon due to forest harvest or clearing for crops in the last century imply lowered estimates of input of nonfossil CO/sub 2/ to the atmosphere.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1983%K 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; CARBON; ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION; ECOSYSTEMS; MAPS; GLOBAL ASPECTS; PLANTS; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; DISTRIBUTION; ELEMENTS; NONMETALS", "publisher": "", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "DOE/NBB-0037; Other: ON: DE83015328 United StatesOther: ON: DE83015328Thu Feb 07 05:59:13 EST 2008NTIS, PC A09/MF A01; 1.ERA-08-044710; EDB-83-142959English", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "olson1983", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "OSTI Energy Citations", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:23:41Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "7JTTK4PI", "version": 9328, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/7JTTK4PI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/7JTTK4PI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hansen et al.", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7JTTK4PI", "version": 9328, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Global percent tree cover at a spatial resolution of 500 meters: first results of the MODIS vegetation continuous fields algorithm", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. C", "lastName": "Hansen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. S", "lastName": "Defries" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. R. G", "lastName": "Townshend" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Carroll" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Dimiceli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. A", "lastName": "Sohlberg" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "EARTH INTERACTIONS, 7, PAPER", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003", "volume": "10", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "hansen2003", "url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.116.495", "accessDate": "2010-07-27T20:22:28Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Global percent tree cover at a spatial resolution of 500 meters", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:22:28Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "VT2MMW79", "version": 9327, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/VT2MMW79", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/VT2MMW79", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gibbs et al.", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VT2MMW79", "version": 9327, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Pathways of Agricultural Expansion Across the Tropics: Implications for Forest Conservation and Carbon Emissions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H. K.", "lastName": "Gibbs" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.S.", "lastName": "Ruesch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Achard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Clayton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Holmgren" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Ramankutty" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.A.", "lastName": "Foley" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Proc Natl Acad Sci US", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Submitted", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "gibbsSubmitted", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-28T02:15:03Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "6P64K6MD", "version": 9327, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/6P64K6MD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/6P64K6MD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "DeFries and Achard", "parsedDate": "2002", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6P64K6MD", "version": 9327, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "New estimates of tropical deforestation and terrestrial carbon fluxes: Results of two complementary studies", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "DeFries" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Achard" } ], "abstractNote": "19.\t, R., and F. Achard", "publicationTitle": "LUCC Newsletter", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2002", "volume": "8", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "7-9", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "defries2002", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-28T02:04:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "W6TD8K4V", "version": 9327, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/W6TD8K4V", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/W6TD8K4V", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kurz", "parsedDate": "2010-05-18", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "W6TD8K4V", "version": 9327, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "An ecosystem context for global gross forest cover loss estimates", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Werner A.", "lastName": "Kurz" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 18 , 2010", "volume": "107", "issue": "20", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "9025 -9026", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.1004508107", "citationKey": "kurz2010", "url": "http://www.pnas.org/content/107/20/9025.short ER -", "accessDate": "2010-07-27T20:48:25Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Highwire 2.0", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:48:25Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "7MNI3K7U", "version": 9327, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/7MNI3K7U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/7MNI3K7U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hansen et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-05-11", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "7MNI3K7U", "version": 9327, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Quantification of global gross forest cover loss", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew C.", "lastName": "Hansen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen V.", "lastName": "Stehman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter V.", "lastName": "Potapov" } ], "abstractNote": "A globally consistent methodology using satellite imagery was implemented to quantify gross forest cover loss (GFCL) from 2000 to 2005 and to compare GFCL among biomes, continents, and countries. GFCL is defined as the area of forest cover removed because of any disturbance, including both natural and human-induced causes. GFCL was estimated to be 1,011,000 km2 from 2000 to 2005, representing 3.1% (0.6% per year) of the year 2000 estimated total forest area of 32,688,000 km2. The boreal biome experienced the largest area of GFCL, followed by the humid tropical, dry tropical, and temperate biomes. GFCL expressed as the proportion of year 2000 forest cover was highest in the boreal biome and lowest in the humid tropics. Among continents, North America had the largest total area and largest proportion of year 2000 GFCL. At national scales, Brazil experienced the largest area of GFCL over the study period, 165,000 km2, followed by Canada at 160,000 km2. Of the countries with >1,000,000 km2 of forest cover, the United States exhibited the greatest proportional GFCL and the Democratic Republic of Congo the least. Our results illustrate a pervasive global GFCL dynamic. However, GFCL represents only one component of net change, and the processes driving GFCL and rates of recovery from GFCL differ regionally. For example, the majority of estimated GFCL for the boreal biome is due to a naturally induced fire dynamic. To fully characterize global forest change dynamics, remote sensing efforts must extend beyond estimating GFCL to identify proximate causes of forest cover loss and to estimate recovery rates from GFCL.\nER -", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 11 , 2010", "volume": "107", "issue": "19", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "8650 -8655", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0912668107", "citationKey": "hansen2010", "url": "http://www.pnas.org/content/107/19/8650.abstract", "accessDate": "2010-07-27T20:47:48Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Highwire 2.0", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:47:48Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "UC63BR6J", "version": 9327, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/UC63BR6J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/UC63BR6J", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Houghton", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "UC63BR6J", "version": 9327, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Why are estimates of the terrestrial carbon balance so different?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. A.", "lastName": "Houghton" } ], "abstractNote": "The carbon balance of the world's terrestrial ecosystems is uncertain. Both top-down (atmospheric) and bottom-up (forest inventory and land-use change) approaches have been used to calculate the sign and magnitude of a net terrestrial flux. Different methods often include different processes, however, and comparisons can be misleading. Differences are not necessarily the result of uncertainties or errors, but often result from incomplete accounting inherent in some of the methods. Recent estimates are reviewed here. Overall, a northern mid-latitude carbon sink of approximately 2 Pg C yr22121 appears robust, although the mechanisms responsible are uncertain. Several lines of evidence point to environmentally enhanced rates of carbon accumulation. Other lines suggest that recovery from past disturbances is largely responsible for the sink. The tropics appear to be a small net source of carbon or nearly neutral, and the same uncertainties of mechanism exist. In addition, studies in the tropics do not permit an unequivocal choice between two alternatives: large emissions of carbon from deforestation offset by large sinks in undisturbed forests, or moderate emissions from land-use change with essentially no change in the carbon balance in undisturbed forests. Resolution of these uncertainties is most likely to result from spatially detailed historical reconstructions of land-use change and disturbance in selected northern mid-latitude regions where such data are available, and from systematic monitoring of changes in the area of tropical forests with satellite data of high spatial resolution collected over the last decades and into the future.", "publicationTitle": "Global Change Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003", "volume": "9", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "500-509", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00620.x", "citationKey": "houghton2003", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00620.x", "accessDate": "2010-07-27T20:45:44Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley InterScience", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:45:44Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "E5ES4997", "version": 9327, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/E5ES4997", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/E5ES4997", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Goldewijk", "parsedDate": "2001", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "E5ES4997", "version": 9327, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Estimating global land use change over the past 300 years: The HYDE database", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kees Klein", "lastName": "Goldewijk" } ], "abstractNote": "Testing against historical data is an important step for validating\nintegrated models of global environmental change. Owing to long time\nlags in the climate system, these models should aim the simulation of\nthe land use dynamics for long periods, i.e., spanning decades up to a\ncentury. Developing such models requires understanding of past and\ncurrent trends and is therefore strongly data dependent. For this\npurpose, a history database of the global environment has been\ndeveloped: HYDE. This paper describes and analyzes parts of HYDE version\n2.0, presenting historical population and land use patterns for the past\n300 years. Results suggest, among other things, a global increase of\ncropland area from 265 million ha in 1700 to 1471 million ha in 1990,\nwhile the area of pasture has increased more than six fold from 524 to\n3451 million ha. In general, the increase of man-made agricultural land\ntook place at the expense of natural grasslands and to a lesser extent\nof forests. There are differences between the several regions in the\ntemporal pace of these land use conversions. The temperate/developed\nregions of Canada, United States, USSR, and Oceania appear to have had\ntheir strongest increase during the 19th century, while most of the\ntropical/developing regions witnessed the largest land use conversions\nat the end of the last century. Results of this analysis can be used to\ntest integrated models of global change and are available at\nhttp://www.rivm.nl/env/int/hyde/.", "publicationTitle": "Global Biogeochemical Cycles", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2001", "volume": "15", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "417-434", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "goldewijk2001", "url": "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001GBioC..15..417G", "accessDate": "2010-07-27T20:43:43Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Estimating global land use change over the past 300 years", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NASA ADS", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Global Change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Land/atmosphere interactions", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:43:43Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "UZWD3K4M", "version": 9327, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/UZWD3K4M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/UZWD3K4M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ramankutty and Foley", "parsedDate": "1999", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UZWD3K4M", "version": 9327, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Estimating historical changes in global land cover: Croplands from 1700 to 1992", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Navin", "lastName": "Ramankutty" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonathan A.", "lastName": "Foley" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Global Biogeochemical Cycles", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1999", "volume": "13", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "PP. 997-1027", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Global Biogeochem. Cycles", "DOI": "199910.1029/1999GB900046", "citationKey": "ramankutty1999", "url": "http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1999/1999GB900046.shtml", "accessDate": "2010-07-27T20:42:00Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Estimating historical changes in global land cover", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "AGU Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:42:00Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "6NWJEMEK", "version": 9327, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/6NWJEMEK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/6NWJEMEK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Findell et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "6NWJEMEK", "version": 9327, "itemType": "document", "title": "Modeled Impact of Anthropogenic Land Cover Change on Climate", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kirsten L.", "lastName": "Findell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elena", "lastName": "Shevliakova" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. C. D.", "lastName": "Milly" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ronald J.", "lastName": "Stouffer" } ], "abstractNote": "Equilibrium experiments with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics\nLaboratory’s climate model are used to investigate the\nimpact of anthropogenic land cover change on climate.\nRegions of altered land cover include large portions of\nEurope, India, eastern China, and the eastern United States.\nSmaller areas of change are present in various tropical\nregions. This study focuses on the impacts of biophysical\nchanges associated with the land cover change (albedo, root\nand stomatal properties, roughness length), which is almost\nexclusively a conversion from forest to grassland in the\nmodel; the effects of irrigation or other water management\npractices and the effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide\nchanges associated with land cover conversion are not\nincluded in these experiments. The model suggests that\nobserved land cover changes have little or no impact on\nglobally averaged climatic variables (e.g., 2-m air\ntemperature is 0.008 K warmer in a simulation with 1990 land\ncover compared to a simulation with potential natural\nvegetation cover). Differences in the annual mean climatic\nfields analyzed did not exhibit global field significance.\nWithin some of the regions of land cover change, however,\nthere are relatively large changes of many surface climatic\nvariables. These changes are highly significant locally in\nthe annual mean and in most months of the year in eastern\nEurope and northern India. They can be explained mainly as\ndirect and indirect consequences of model-prescribed\nincreases in surface albedo, decreases in rooting depth, and\nchanges of stomatal control that accompany deforestation. 1.", "type": "", "date": "2006", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "findell2006", "url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.143.9162", "accessDate": "2010-07-27T20:40:12Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScientificCommons", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "system. To date,the U.S. National Climate Assessment,", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "R3UVRJFK", "version": 9327, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/R3UVRJFK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/R3UVRJFK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Betts et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-02-12", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "R3UVRJFK", "version": 9327, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Biogeophysical effects of land use on climate: Model simulations of radiative forcing and large-scale temperature change", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard A.", "lastName": "Betts" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter D.", "lastName": "Falloon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kees Klein", "lastName": "Goldewijk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Navin", "lastName": "Ramankutty" } ], "abstractNote": "Changes in land cover affect climate through the surface energy and moisture budgets. Here we assess the importance of these biogeophysical effects for present-day climate, and quantify the radiative forcing of historical climate change by land use change for comparison with radiative forcings due to anthropogenic changes in greenhouse gases and aerosols. We also discuss the implications of biogeophysical effects for the use of forestry as a tool for mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration. Our model results suggest that since most historical deforestation has taken place in temperate regions where the main climatic effect is an increase in surface albedo, the dominant biogeophysical effect of past land cover change has been a cooling. The northern mid-latitude agricultural regions are simulated to be approximately 1-2 K cooler in winter and spring in comparison with their previously forested state. This conflicts with the suggestion that land use change is responsible for the warming observed over the 20th century. The increase in albedo by 1750 is simulated to exert a negative radiative forcing of approximately -2 W m-2 locally over Europe, China and India, suggesting a potential anthropogenic influence on climate before fossil fuel burning began. The present-day global mean radiative forcing by anthropogenic surface albedo change relative to the natural state is simulated to be -0.2 W m-2, which is comparable with the estimated forcings relative to pre-industrial times by stratospheric and tropospheric ozone, N2O, the halocarbons, and the direct effect of anthropogenic aerosols. In cold regions, afforestation or reforestation would decrease the surface albedo and induce a positive radiative forcing (warming) which could partly or completely offset the negative forcing (cooling) due to carbon sequestration. This suggests that carbon sink plantations could be less effective than expected at reducing warming, and could even cause further warming. However, we note that reforestation (or avoided deforestation) in tropical regions could exert a double cooling effect through carbon sequestration and increased evaporation and cloud cover.", "publicationTitle": "Agricultural and Forest Meteorology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 12, 2007", "volume": "142", "issue": "2-4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "216-233", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.08.021", "citationKey": "betts2007", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V8W-4MJJBVV-1/2/8a6f18120fa8ef7d63bd9a5c3d7fc163", "accessDate": "2010-07-27T20:38:39Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0168-1923", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Biogeophysical effects of land use on climate", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biogeophysical effects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Climate change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Land use", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Radiative forcing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Surface albedo", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:38:39Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } }, { "key": "E7GAM8QA", "version": 9327, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 16875, "name": "SpatialDatabase", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/16875/items/E7GAM8QA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/spatialdatabase/items/E7GAM8QA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2600, "username": "nvilloria", "name": "Nelson B. Villoria", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nvilloria", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brovkin et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-05-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "E7GAM8QA", "version": 9327, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Biogeophysical effects of historical land cover changes simulated by six Earth system models of intermediate complexity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V.", "lastName": "Brovkin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Claussen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Driesschaert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Fichefet" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Kicklighter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Loutre" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Matthews" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Ramankutty" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Schaeffer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Sokolov" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract Six Earth system models of intermediate complexity that are able to simulate interaction between atmosphere, ocean, and land\nsurface, were forced with a scenario of land cover changes during the last millennium. In response to historical deforestation\nof about 18 million sq km, the models simulate a decrease in global mean annual temperature in the range of 0.13–0.25°C. The\nrate of this cooling accelerated during the 19th century, reached a maximum in the first half of the 20th century, and declined\nat the end of the 20th century. This trend is explained by temporal and spatial dynamics of land cover changes, as the effect\nof deforestation on temperature is less pronounced for tropical than for temperate regions, and reforestation in the northern\ntemperate areas during the second part of the 20th century partly offset the cooling trend. In most of the models, land cover\nchanges lead to a decline in annual land evapotranspiration, while seasonal changes are rather equivocal because of spatial\nshifts in convergence zones. In the future, reforestation might be chosen as an option for the enhancement of terrestrial\ncarbon sequestration. Our study indicates that biogeophysical mechanisms need to be accounted for in the assessment of land\nmanagement options for climate change mitigation.", "publicationTitle": "Climate Dynamics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 01, 2006", "volume": "26", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "587-600", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s00382-005-0092-6", "citationKey": "brovkin2006", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-005-0092-6", "accessDate": "2010-07-27T20:37:50Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-07-27T20:37:50Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-16T19:15:33Z" } } ]