[ { "key": "5BKRVJDD", "version": 13, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 163712, "name": "Social Media and Aesthetics", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/163712/items/5BKRVJDD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics/items/5BKRVJDD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 10812, "username": "ontoligent", "name": "Rafael C. Alvarado", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ontoligent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Terranova", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5BKRVJDD", "version": 13, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Communication Beyond Meaning: On the Cultural Politics of Information", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tiziana", "lastName": "Terranova" } ], "abstractNote": "In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:\n Social Text 22.3 (2004) 51-73 On the Cultural Politics of Information Tiziana Terranova Is it possible to draw on scientific concepts to further our understanding of cultural processes? In Order Out of Chaos, Ilya Prigogine and Isa-belle Stengers proposed that the emergence of nondeterministic scientific approaches to material processes (e.g., thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, chaos theory) constitutes an important opportunity to forge a \"new alliance\" between the natural and human sciences. Prigogine and Stengers understand the gap between the \"natural\" and the \"human\" not so much as an ontological claim (based on the irreducibility of the human to the deterministic laws of nature) but as the historical product of a schism between physics and metaphysics. Such a schism, they claim, was precipitated by the modern emergence of mechanicism in engineering and reductionism in science with its image of a complex and free humanity endowed with spirit at loss in a universe ruled by strict mechanical laws. The result of this bifurcation of thinking is well known: disciplinarization and specialization reducing the relationship between the natural and the human sciences to sporadic and conflictual encounters. Typical of this situation is the controversy over the value of the concept of information for cultural analysis. The culturalist allegation that informationalism equals the triumph of form over matter underestimates the implications of communication and information theory for our understanding of contemporary cultures where informational dynamics are increasingly gaining priority over the formation of meanings. In particular, to say that information is a disembodied and immaterial form casts an unflattering light on what might be called \"informational cultures\"—that is, cultural milieus that foreground the interplay of information technologies (logarithmic data compression, information architecture, communication management, cultural recombination) and informational dynamics (such as openness, obstruction, resonance, contagion, bifurcation, and emergence). Postmodern theory captured and anticipated such a development (the primacy of information networks over networks of meaning) when it described the culture of late capitalism as a culture of \"floating signifiers,\" that is, of signs that have lost their anchorage in networks of signification. The postmodern description of a semiotic world out of control, of signs that only refer to other signs in a relation of preemptive causality, or \"hyperreality,\" presented this development as the linear outcome of the commodification of culture—that is, the reduction of cultural use value to exchange value (money) and of exchange value to sign value (simulation). The resulting picture was that of an empty cultural milieu (literally, a desert), a real subsumption of culture under capital that problematized even the notion of a cultural politics as such. Is it possible, in fact, to wage a struggle around culture if all culture has become an industry of signification—incessantly drowning meaning in a sea of semirandom noise? More militant strands of cultural theory have thus deemed it necessary to reject the postmodern analysis as simply a sign of cynicism and unconditional political surrender to the state of things (a sign of political reflux after the turbulent sixties and seventies). Much work has thus been dedicated to rescuing the vitality of the social from the grip of simulation (or exchange value gone irreversible and orbital). Empirical work on audiences has shown the persistence of counterhegemonic decodings and the resilience of meaning to all attempts at pinning it down within stable hegemonic formations or a closed logic of simulation. We know that meaning has not simply disappeared in the infosphere but that it has multiplied and proliferated in its interface with social microstratifications and segmentations emerging out of and giving rise to classes, genders, sexualities, ethnicities, and races. But we cannot still reconcile this proliferation and dispersal of meaning with another dimension of contemporary culture, the one that is not simply structured around the codification and decodification of meaning and its articulation into social practices but which revolves around a...", "publicationTitle": "Social Text", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2004", "volume": "22", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "51-73", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/social_text/v022/22.3terranova.html", "accessDate": "2013-03-27T01:59:29Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1527-1951", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Communication beyond Meaning", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Project MUSE", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "

80 (Volume 22, Number 3), Fall 2004

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I argue that Facebook encourages (but does not require) users to introduce a neoliberal logic to all their intimate relationships, which these particular users believe turns them into selves they do not want to be.", "publicationTitle": "Anthropological Quarterly", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 1, 2011", "volume": "84", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "865-894", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Anthropological Quarterly", "DOI": "10.2307/41427072", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/41427072", "accessDate": "2013-04-29T02:58:14Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003-5491", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Un-Friend My Heart", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 2011 The George Washington University Institute for Ethnographic Research", "extra": "ArticleType: research-article / Full publication date: Fall 2011 / Copyright © 2011 The George Washington University Institute for Ethnographic Research", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-29T03:00:53Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-29T03:00:53Z" } }, { "key": "T9U49QD2", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 163712, "name": "Social Media and Aesthetics", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/163712/items/T9U49QD2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics/items/T9U49QD2", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/163712/items/27WP4QTA", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 10812, "username": "ontoligent", "name": "Rafael C. 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This book examines in detail how Facebook transforms the lives of particular individuals, but it also presents a general theory of Facebook as culture and considers the likely consequences of social networking in the future.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2011", "publisher": "Polity", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "241", "ISBN": "9780745652108", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Computers / Information Technology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Computers / Social Aspects / Human-Computer Interaction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Computers / Web / Social Networking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Facebook (Electronic resource)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Information technology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Language Arts & Disciplines / Communication", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Online social networks", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychology / Interpersonal Relations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Science / Media Studies", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-29T02:48:33Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-29T02:48:33Z" } }, { "key": "35H9MDTD", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 163712, "name": "Social Media and Aesthetics", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/163712/items/35H9MDTD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics/items/35H9MDTD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 10812, "username": "ontoligent", "name": "Rafael C. 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Alvarado", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ontoligent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schonfeld", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "87D9C5DC", "version": 7, "itemType": "newspaperArticle", "title": "Zuckerberg: \"We Are Building A Web Where The Default Is Social\"", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "ck", "lastName": "Schonfeld" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "The Washington Post", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2010", "volume": "", "issue": "", "edition": "", "section": "", "pages": "", "ISSN": "0740-5421", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/21/AR2010042103555.html", "accessDate": "2010-04-28T17:19:21Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Zuckerberg", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "washingtonpost.com", "callNumber": "0000", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "facebook" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-29T02:44:51Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-29T02:44:51Z" } }, { "key": "NN5893V5", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 163712, "name": "Social Media and Aesthetics", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/163712/items/NN5893V5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics/items/NN5893V5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 10812, "username": "ontoligent", "name": "Rafael C. Alvarado", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ontoligent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wertsch", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NN5893V5", "version": 6, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Narrative Organization of Collective Memory", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James V.", "lastName": "Wertsch" } ], "abstractNote": "Collective memory is analyzed from the perspective of narrative organization. Specifically, narratives provided by a sociocultural context, especially the modern state, are examined in their capacity to serve as cultural tools for members of a collective as they recount the past. The power of these tools to shape collective remembering is examined with the help of a distinction between specific narratives and schematic narrative templates. The former include information about specific dates, places, actors, and so forth, whereas the latter are abstract forms of narrative representation and typically shape several specific narratives. The utility of these notions is assessed by examining the \"expulsion-of-foreign-enemies\" schematic narrative template that shapes much of Russian collective memory, both during the Soviet period and post-Soviet periods.", "publicationTitle": "Ethos", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "36", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "120-135", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20486564", "accessDate": "2010-11-19T01:15:04Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00912131", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "0009", "rights": "", "extra": "ArticleType: research-article / Issue Title: Troubling the Boundary between Psychology and Anthropology: Jerome Bruner and His Inspiration / Full publication date: Mar., 2008 / Copyright © 2008 American Anthropological Association", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-29T02:44:13Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-29T02:44:13Z" } }, { "key": "N4DR7U6J", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 163712, "name": "Social Media and Aesthetics", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/163712/items/N4DR7U6J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics/items/N4DR7U6J", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 10812, "username": "ontoligent", "name": "Rafael C. Alvarado", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ontoligent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ochs and Capps", "parsedDate": "1996", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "N4DR7U6J", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Narrating the Self", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elinor", "lastName": "Ochs" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lisa", "lastName": "Capps" } ], "abstractNote": "Across cultures, narrative emerges early in communicative development and is a fundamental means of making sense of experience. Narrative and self are inseparable in that narrative is simultaneously born out of experience and gives shape to experience. Narrative activity provides tellers with an opportunity to impose order on otherwise disconnected events, and to create continuity between past, present, and imagined worlds. Narrative also interfaces self and society, constituting a crucial resource for socializing emotions, attitudes, and identities, developing interpersonal relationships, and constituting membership in a community. Through various genres and modes; through discourse, grammar, lexicon, and prosody; and through the dynamics of collaborative authorship, narratives bring multiple, partial selves to life.", "publicationTitle": "Annual Review of Anthropology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1996", "volume": "25", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "19-43", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2155816", "accessDate": "2010-11-19T01:15:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00846570", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "0382", "rights": "", "extra": "ArticleType: research-article / Full publication date: 1996 / Copyright © 1996 Annual Reviews", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-29T02:43:48Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-29T02:43:48Z" } }, { "key": "8RXSMBGM", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 163712, "name": "Social Media and Aesthetics", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/163712/items/8RXSMBGM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics/items/8RXSMBGM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 10812, "username": "ontoligent", "name": "Rafael C. Alvarado", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ontoligent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Raley", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8RXSMBGM", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "eEmpires", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rita", "lastName": "Raley" } ], "abstractNote": "In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:\n Cultural Critique 57 (2004) 111-150 Rita Raley I really want it to be called \"UntoCaesar.com.\" —Kaleil Isaza Tuzman, Startup.com It is the flow of money, moving quickly and silently to those who are sufficiently wise and creative to establish themselves as players in this new arena. —Steffano Korper and Juanita Ellis, The E-Commerce Book: Building the E-Empire e=M-C-M The eEmpire has definitively entered our lexicon, both as concept and as semantic construction, with \"e\" continuing to operate as the value-added, universal signifier of the brave new wired world. The signifier \"e,\" as this essay will demonstrate, cannot be located under one set of stable descriptors. Rather, it must be understood as a fluid and intersecting set of forces, practices, technologies, and events. It is not a singular entity, but comprises communicative networks, electronic commerce, modes of production, and global financial markets. With numerous precursors, most notably associated with Microsoft, the Electronic Empire suggests a triumphant narrative of technology and capitalism. However, it goes beyond that to suggest a speculative departure from the material conditions of production and circulation and toward informationalism. Such a speculative departure constitutes the now-dominant mode and stage of capital—a philosophical appraisal anticipated by Marx and reanimated by Giovanni Arrighi and Fredric Jameson. The Electronic Empire has different rhetorical registers, ranging from cultural studies to ordinary advertisements. A visual analysis of a recent commercial will outline my critical treatment of the electronic empire and the thematic terrain of this essay. Beginning in April 2001, the eBusiness software company Computer Associates repeatedly ran a thirty-second advertisement entitled \"Empire\" on the Rupert Murdoch-owned Fox network, self-consciously combining a cyberpunk aesthetic with the elements of a sword-and-sandal picture and formally resembling both an inspirational corporate video and a promotional QuickTime movie. The commercial is made all the more remarkable by the visual absence of the computer as fetish object, yet the mechanism is message via its operation as interface and substrate. The verbal script illustrates what initially appears to be a morphological shift from classical Rome to the global electronic empire, which is communicated with even greater complexity by the visual iconography. Both in its audio and visual tracks, it establishes a direct, continuous, and naturalized link connecting the Roman empire, the British empire, and the contemporary eBusiness at the center of Wall Street: the shared governing idea, after all, is the controlling of new domains through new technologies. Concluding with a voice-over whose celebratory and pedagogic intonations are replicated throughout the commercial tech sector, the script runs as follows: Roar of the crowd: \"Caesar, Caesar, Caesar.\" Caesar: \"Hail, Romans! Today our nation is great, far greater than it has ever been.\" [punctuated by camera shutters and flashes] Voice-over: \"If you manage it correctly, even the largest empire will adapt and continue to thrive. Our software has helped more companies evolve their infrastructure than anyone else on earth. Hello, tomorrow. We are Computer Associates, the software that manages eBusiness.\" The sense of continuity, inheritance, and an evolution from the historical empire to the contemporary American electronic empire is further facilitated by the visual trajectory of the commercial. Marked by all of the signifiers of imperial Rome, it begins with Caesar's march through a palatial stateroom and out through majestic curtains onto a balcony to address the multitudes below. That address and the unfolding narrative are equally marked by all of the signifiers of digital culture: the address is simultaneously Click for larger view \"Empire.\" Courtesy of Young & Rubicam Advertising, New York: Ann Hayden, managing partner, creative; Rachel Howald, copywriter; Ahmer Kalam, art director; Rich Rosenthal, producer. projected onto a giant...", "publicationTitle": "Cultural Critique", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2004", "volume": "57", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "111-150", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/cultural_critique/v057/57.1raley.html", "accessDate": "2013-02-27T03:48:31Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1534-5203", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Project MUSE", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "

57, Spring 2004

", "tags": [ { "tag": "information" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-27T14:10:49Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-27T14:10:49Z" } }, { "key": "H47QJ3D8", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 163712, "name": "Social Media and Aesthetics", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/163712/items/H47QJ3D8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics/items/H47QJ3D8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 10812, "username": "ontoligent", "name": "Rafael C. Alvarado", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ontoligent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Terranova", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "H47QJ3D8", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Concept of Information", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tiziana", "lastName": "Terranova" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "THEORY CULTURE AND SOCIETY", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "23", "issue": "2/3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "286", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://raley.english.ucsb.edu/wp-content/Engl800/Terranova-information.pdf", "accessDate": "2013-03-25T16:56:25Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Cybernetics" }, { "tag": "information" }, { "tag": "information theory" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-27T14:05:52Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-27T14:05:52Z" } }, { "key": "DSQB7RQ8", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 163712, "name": "Social Media and Aesthetics", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/163712/items/DSQB7RQ8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics/items/DSQB7RQ8", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/163712/items/ZKNKZTA8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 10812, "username": "ontoligent", "name": "Rafael C. Alvarado", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ontoligent", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "DSQB7RQ8", "version": 2, "parentItem": "ZKNKZTA8", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Database as Symbolic Form -- Manovich 5 (2): 80 -- Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies", "accessDate": "2010-01-18T04:10:30Z", "url": "http://con.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/5/2/80", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "windows-1252", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-26T20:13:51Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-26T20:13:51Z" } }, { "key": "ZKNKZTA8", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 163712, "name": "Social Media and Aesthetics", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/163712/items/ZKNKZTA8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_and_aesthetics/items/ZKNKZTA8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 10812, "username": "ontoligent", "name": "Rafael C. Alvarado", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ontoligent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Manovich", "parsedDate": "1999", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZKNKZTA8", "version": 2, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Database as Symbolic Form", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lev", "lastName": "Manovich" } ], "abstractNote": "After the novel, and subsequently cinema, privileged narrative as the key form of cultural expression of the modern age, the computer age introduces its correlate - database. Many new media objects do not tell stories; they don't have a beginning or end; in fact, they don't have any development, thematically, formally or otherwise which would organise their elements into a sequence. Instead, they are collections of individual items, where every item has the same significance as any other. Why do new media favour database form over others? Can we explain its popularity by analysing the specificity of the digital medium and computer programming? What is the relationship between database and another form, which has traditionally dominated human culture - narrative? In addressing these questions, the article discusses the connection between the computer's ontology - the way the computer's organisation of data represents the world - and the new cultural forms privileged by computer culture such as database. Saussure's notions of the paradigm and the syntagm are used to theorise the relationship between database and narrative. A possible history of a database form in modern media and culture in general is sketched. The last part of the article addreses the tension between database and narrative in the history of cinema. It considers the works of such filmmakers as Peter Greenaway and Dziga Vertov as part of the tradition which can be called 'database cinema'. This cinema tries to merge databases and narrative into a new form, thus anticipating one of the key problems of new media art.", "websiteTitle": "Convergence", "websiteType": "", "date": "1999", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://con.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/5/2/80", "accessDate": "2009-08-24T18:02:09Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "algorithm" }, { "tag": "database" }, { "tag": "discourse" }, { "tag": "gaming" }, { "tag": "new media studies" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-26T20:13:51Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-26T20:13:51Z" } } ]