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            "note": "<p xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\" id=\"title\"><strong>Contents</strong></p><ul xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\" style=\"list-style-type: none; padding-left:0px\" id=\"toc\"><li><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/2\">JULIET LODGE Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence, University of Leeds, UK</a><ul style=\"list-style-type: none; padding-left:12px\"><li style=\"padding-top:8px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/2\">(Received 21 January 2004; final version 19 June 2004)</a><ul style=\"list-style-type: none; padding-left:24px\"><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">1. Biometric data includes characteristics, like fingerprints, iris scans, etc. stored on computers.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">2. Steiner, H. J. &amp;amp; Alstrom, P. (2000).</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">3. Anderson, M. (2000).</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">4. Council of the European Union, 9876/04, 26.5.04; and Council note to the European Council, 10586/04.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">5. European Parliament report A5-0264/2001, (2001/2098(INI); and European Parliament report A5- 0284/2001.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">6. Euskadi and EIPA, (2003).</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">7. http://www.eeurope-smartcards.org</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">8. European Parliament Report (COM (2003)336-2003/2147(INI), A5-0445/2003, 1 Dec 2003.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">9. COM2003/73 final 17.02.03 p. 1.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">10. IRIS-Iris Recognition Immigration System.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">11. St Bradley, K. C. (1988).</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">12. Spokesperson of the Secretary General, High Representative for CFSP, SO159/04.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">13. Legislation on this is available on http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/1vb/133085.htm</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">14. Lodge, J. (1986).</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">15. http://www.ueitalia2003.it?EN/Notizie/affariGeneraliRelazioniEsterne</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">16. Commission, SEC(2003)414, 28.3.2003</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">17. See: http://www.statewatch.org/news/2001/jul/genoa6.htm</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">18. Apap, J. &amp;amp; Carrera, S. (2003), p. 4.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">19. COM(2000) 303 final.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">20. COM/2002/0175 final, 10/04/2002; COM(2000)757, 22/11/2000, ARGO programme, 32002D0463, 2002/463/EC. OJ L 161, 19/06/2002 P. 0011 - 0015. For all documents see http:// www.leeds.ac.uk/jmce/bibliographies.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">21. OJ C 011 , 16/01/1996, p. 0001.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">22. O’Keeffe, D. (2000); Twomey, P. (2000).</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">23. COM(2000) 757 final.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">24. COM (1997)93 EU Bulletin 3/97; revised as COM (1998)372 24.06.98, EC Bulletin 6/98.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">25. OJ L63, 13.03.96, Council Joint Position 91/196/JHA.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">26. OJ L 342, 31.12.96.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">27. OJ C34 02.02.98, EC Bulletin 5/98.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">28. COM (1999) 260: (EC Bulletin 5/99).</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">29. OJ L316, 15.12.00; EC Bulletin 12/00, Council Regulation (EC) No 2725/2000.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">30. http://europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home/index.en.htm</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">31. Downing Street Briefing, 2/3/02.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">32. COM(2000) 578 final.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">33. House of Lords Select Committee on the European Union (2000).</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/24\">34. The White Paper, “Secure Borders Safe Haven”, set out the Government’s plans for an efficient end- to-end asylum system (Home Office press notice 038/02, 7 February 2002). http://www.homeof fice.gov.uk. The legislation on greater use of b...</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">35. House of Commons, Civil Contingencies Bill, 7 January 2004, Session 2003-4.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">36. EC Bulletin 3/99.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">37. Council Decision 2000/261/JHA on the improved exchange of information to combat counterfeit travel documents OJ L81 01.04.00.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">38. Strategic Committee on Immigration, Frontiers and Asylum meeting with the US, 26.10.01 on www.statewatch.org/news/2002/feb/03useum.htm</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">39. EU Bull. 10/00.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">40. COM (2001)127 13.03.01; OJ C240 E, 28.08.01.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">41. EU Bull. 4/02.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">42. Verso le nuove Eurofrontiere (2002).</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">43. COM(2003)323 final, Brussel 3.6.2003</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">44. EC Bulletin 1-2/99. See EP Working document A5-0123/2000 Report on the Commission working document entitled ‘Towards common standards on asylum procedures’ 19.04.00; and EC Bull. 06/00.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">45. COM(2003)233; House of Lords, Select Committee on the European Border Guard, 29th Report, Session 2002-3, HL Paper 133, HMSO: July 2003.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">46. EU Bull. 1-2/03.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">47. Constitution for Europe, Rome, July 2003, Arts: III, pp. 166-176.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">48. European Parliament (2003), 14/10/2003(2003/2156(INI)).</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">49. COM(2002)323 final, p. 17.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">50. CRIMORG36, 8958/04.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">51. Source: EU Commission press release: IP/03/1289, 24/9/03.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">52. COM (2003)323 final, Brussels 3.6.2003, p. 9.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">53. Albania, China, Former Republic of Serbia and Montenegro, Morocco, Russia, Tunisia, Ukraine, Libya and Turkey.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">54. See the expert commentaries by S. Peers at http://www.statewatch.org (accessed 1 December 2003).</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">55. Recommendation 3/99 on the preservation of traffic data by Internet Service Providers for law enforcement purposes (7 September 1999) at http://europe.eu.int/comm/internal_market/en/media/ dataprot/wpdocs/wp25en.pdf; and letter to Acting ...</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">56. OJ L201/37, 31.7.2002, Directive 2002/58/EC.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">57. www.gilc.org/cox_en.html</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/25\">58. 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EP Committee … A5-0172/2003, p. 13.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/26\">76. Draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, Chapter IV, p. 161.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/26\">77. A5-0172/2003, p. 5.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/26\">78. The UK Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2003 included provisions some felt were only justi fied exceptionally in war-time.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/26\">79. Recommendation 3/99 on the preservation of traffic data by Internet Service Providers for law enforcement purposes (7 September 1999) at http://europe.eu.int/comm/internal_market/en/media/ dataprot/wpdocs/wp25en.pdf; and letter to Acting ...</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/26\">80. Council of the European Union (2004), CRIMORG36, 8958/04.</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/26\">81. http://www.Euobserver.com/index/phtml?aid=11598&amp;amp;sid=9</a></li><li style=\"padding-top:4px\"><a href=\"zotero://open-pdf/2_E3SAG4GT/26\">82. Rawls, J. (1996), p. 137.</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>",
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