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            "note": "<p>usability -   Even if the approach is interesting and tools to implement it are provides, it has not been demonstrated that the provided tools enable a better performance that without them. More research is required to make clear this point.</p>",
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            "abstractNote": "Legal frameworks across the world protect certain generally accepted types of intellectual property (patents, copyright, trademarks etc.). The last fifty years have seen a paradigm shift whereby intellectual assets such as intellectual property (IP), human capital and organisational capabilities are seen as crucial to business performance and economic growth. An increasing share of the market value of firms appears to derive from their intellectual assets, and firms are managing these assets more actively to identify additional ways of extracting value from them. Firm managers value patents when deciding whether or not to file a patent application or renew a patent, when calculating royalties for patent licensing contracts, when estimating the value of a possible merger or acquisition, and when estimating their own corporate value. Lawyers and judges value patents in the course of patent infringement suits;financial institutions need to calculate the value of patents when they are used as collateral for bank loans;and investors and financial analysts value patents to assess the value of firms as a basis for their investment decisions and recommendations. During a merger or an acquisition, the asset acquisitions are accounted for based on the values of the assets exchanged. The assets and liabilities of the subject company are restated from their historical basis to their fair market value (also known as the Asset Accumulation Method). From1st January 2002, the newly issued Financial Accounting Standards No. 141 and 142, require companies to disclose the values of assets of the businesses they acquire including intangible assets and goodwill, on a reporting unit basis. As a result accounting treatment of intellectual property has naturally become a more important part of transaction planning and implementation. For the effective exploitation of intellectual property, it is important to know their value. Valuation of tangible or real assets has always been part of business and there exist well-developed rules for the same. However, valuation of intellectual property is more uncertain than real or personal property valuation as intellectual property assets are rarely comparable. Also there are no established markets for the exchange of intellectual property assets. Even the terms and conditions of intellectual property exchanges vary widely. Further, the details of intellectual property exchanges, especially prices, are rarely available to the public. The above factors have necessitated the development of methods of valuation which, though in principle similar to those for real property, take into account the special characteristics of intellectual property. This article will discuss the importance of valuation of intellectual property and its use in different fields. This will be followed by a discussion on the various methods of valuation and recent developments in the area. Further, it must be noted that the researcher has been seriously limited by the lack of access to literature on valuation of intellectual property in India. Being an evolving field of law and accountancy, there is little case-law or developed doctrines relating to the application of the various valuation methods. The researcher had to rely heavily on the only accessible – but authoritative – book on valuation by experts Gordon Smith and Russell Parr.",
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                    "tag": "25 Percent Rule"
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                    "tag": "Competitive Advantage Method"
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                    "tag": "Present Value"
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                    "tag": "Qualitative Valuation"
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                },
                {
                    "tag": "Figures"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "LIEU"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Patents Per Professor"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Performance"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Portfolio"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Recommendation"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Removal Of Risk"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Target"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Technology Exploitation"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Technology Exploitation Offices"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Technology Transfer"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Typical Technolgy Value Build Trajectory"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Valuation Of Portfolio"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "_FITT_GVFP"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "business_early-market +"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "business_value +"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "hr_ipr-awareness +"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "hr_tto-coaching +"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "hr_tto-motivation +"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "operations_certification +"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "operations_competition +"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "operations_measure +"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "operations_research +"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "technology_exploitation_offices"
                }
            ],
            "collections": [
                "UMMM5UH8"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2010-04-20T17:04:42Z",
            "dateModified": "2010-10-27T12:43:27Z"
        }
    }
]