Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dharhan, Saudi Arabia
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T20:20:05Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T20:20:07Z" } }, { "key": "HRJTN86J", "version": 56, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/HRJTN86J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/HRJTN86J", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Veeraragavan et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-01-31", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "HRJTN86J", "version": 56, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Analytical model for the design of volumetric solar flow receivers", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ananthanarayanan", "lastName": "Veeraragavan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrej", "lastName": "Lenert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bekir", "lastName": "Yilbas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Salem", "lastName": "Al-Dini" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Evelyn N.", "lastName": "Wang" } ], "abstractNote": "The development of efficient solar thermal receivers has received significant interest for solar to electrical power conversion and heating applications. Volumetric flow receivers, where the incoming solar radiation is absorbed in the volume of a heat transfer fluid (HTF), promise reduced heat loss at the surface compared to surface absorbers. In order to efficiently store the thermal energy in the volume, nanoparticles can be suspended in the HTF to absorb the incoming radiation. In such systems, compact models are needed to design and optimize the performance. This paper presents an analytical model that investigates the effect of heat loss, particle loading, solar concentration and channel height on receiver efficiency. The analytical model was formulated by modeling the absorption of solar radiation by the suspended nanoparticles as a volumetric heat release inside the flowing HTF. The energy equation was solved with the surface heat losses modeled using a combined radiative and convective heat loss coefficient. The analytical solution provides a convenient tool for predicting the effect of different parameters, in terms of dimensionless numbers (Pe, NuE, G ¯ , and θamb), on two-dimensional temperature profiles and system performance. By combining the receiver efficiency with a power generation efficiency, idealized by the Carnot efficiency, an optimum receiver length where the total efficiency is maximized is determined. However, in practice, the maximum efficiency depends on the maximum allowable temperature of the working HTF. As a case study, predictions were made for Therminol® VP-1 with suspended graphite nanoparticles in a 1 cm deep channel with a solar concentration of 10. The model predicts an optimum total system efficiency of 0.35 for a dimensionless receiver length of 0.86. Finally, the analytical model was used to estimate the optimum efficiency and the corresponding optimum receiver length for different design configurations with varying NuE and G ¯ . The results from this paper will help guide experimental design of volumetric flow receivers for solar thermal based power systems.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 31, 2012", "volume": "55", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "556-564", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer", "DOI": "10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.11.001", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931011006387", "accessDate": "2013-05-01T20:20:00Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0017-9310", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T20:20:00Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T20:20:00Z" } }, { "key": "AGAS6MGX", "version": 55, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/AGAS6MGX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/AGAS6MGX", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/NT3KM5SE", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AGAS6MGX", "version": 55, "parentItem": "NT3KM5SE", "itemType": "note", "note": "Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T20:18:11Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T20:18:14Z" } }, { "key": "NT3KM5SE", "version": 54, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/NT3KM5SE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/NT3KM5SE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Habeebullah", "parsedDate": "2007-03", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "NT3KM5SE", "version": 54, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Economic feasibility of thermal energy storage systems", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.A.", "lastName": "Habeebullah" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper investigates the economic feasibility of both building an ice thermal storage and structure a time of rate tariff for the unique air conditioning (A/C) plant of the Grand Holy Mosque of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The features of the building are unique where the air-conditioned 39,300 m2 zone is open to the atmosphere and the worshippers fully occupy the building five times a day, in addition hundreds of thousands of worshippers attend the blessed weekend's prayer at noontime, which escalates the peak electricity load. For economic analysis, the objective function is the daily electricity bill that includes the operation cost and the capital investment of the ice storage system. The operation cost is function of the energy imported for operating the plant in which the tariff structure, number of operating hours and the ambient temperature are parameters. The capital recovery factor is calculated for 10% interest rate and payback period of 10 years. Full and partial load storage scenarios are considered. The results showed that with the current fixed electricity rate (0.07 $/kWh), there is no gain in introducing ice storage systems for both storage schemes. Combining energy storage and an incentive time structured rate showed reasonable daily bill savings. For base tariff of 0.07 $/kWh during daytime operation and 0.016 $/kWh for off-peak period, savings were achieved for full load storage scenario. Different tariff structure is discussed and the break-even nighttime rate was determined (varies between 0.008 and 0.03 $/kWh). Partial load storage scenario showed to be unattractive where the savings for the base structured tariff was insignificant.", "publicationTitle": "Energy and Buildings", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 2007", "volume": "39", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "355-363", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy and Buildings", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.07.006", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037877880600199X", "accessDate": "2013-05-01T20:17:53Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0378-7788", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T20:17:53Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T20:17:53Z" } }, { "key": "9H5759I7", "version": 52, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/9H5759I7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/9H5759I7", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/7KN7U64Z", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9H5759I7", "version": 52, "parentItem": "7KN7U64Z", "itemType": "note", "note": "King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) P.O. Box 6086 Riyadh 11442 Saudi Arabia
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T19:51:34Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T19:51:39Z" } }, { "key": "7KN7U64Z", "version": 51, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/7KN7U64Z", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/7KN7U64Z", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "van Kessel et al.", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "7KN7U64Z", "version": 51, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Concentrator photovoltaic reliability testing at extreme concentrations up to 2000 suns", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "van Kessel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Abduljabar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Khonkar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Moumen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Sandstrom" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y.", "lastName": "Al-Saaedi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y.", "lastName": "Martin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Supratik", "lastName": "Guha" } ], "abstractNote": "Practical concentrator photovoltaic systems operating at high solar concentration levels up to 2000 suns experience large thermal and electrical loads in addition to large power density transients under routine operation. These systems require efficient cooling systems to manage the associated incident power densities up to 200 W/cm2. Photovoltaic cells and thermal interface materials experience considerable stress under these load conditions. Reliability data is sparse for operation above 500 suns. We present high power test results for a commercial triple junction cell cooled through a high performance metal thermal interface using active liquid cooling methods for power densities up to 200 W/cm2.", "proceedingsTitle": "2009 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)", "conferenceName": "2009 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2009", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "001020-001023", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/PVSC.2009.5411195", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T19:51:14Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T19:51:14Z" } }, { "key": "CTJF9PPI", "version": 50, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/CTJF9PPI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/CTJF9PPI", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/GN3X6T3E", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CTJF9PPI", "version": 50, "parentItem": "GN3X6T3E", "itemType": "note", "note": "King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) P.O. Box 6086 Riyadh 11442 Saudi Arabia
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T19:45:34Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T19:45:40Z" } }, { "key": "GN3X6T3E", "version": 49, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/GN3X6T3E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/GN3X6T3E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wacaser et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "GN3X6T3E", "version": 49, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Exploring the limits of concentration for UHCPV", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.A.", "lastName": "Wacaser" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.D.", "lastName": "Kirchner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y.", "lastName": "Martin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Badahdah" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.L.", "lastName": "Sandstrom" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Moumen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Khonkar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y.G.", "lastName": "Alharbi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.G.", "lastName": "van Kessel" } ], "abstractNote": "Practical multi receiver ultra high (1000+ Suns) concentration photovoltaic (UHCPV) systems experience large radiation, thermal and electrical loads in addition to large power density transients under routine operation. This report is a summary of the issues involved in determining the practical limits to concentration. How high is too high? Explorations into UHCPV have both theoretical and experimental aspects. Understanding the theoretical device physics and circuit limitations is often essential to determining which experiments to do and in interpreting results. On the experimental side the work can be divided into two fields depending on the type of light source. The first is artificial or simulated sources and the second is working in the field with direct solar irradiation. Both fields have advantages and disadvantages. Direct solar radiation was selected for the current experiments due to the low cost and ability to produce ultra high concentrations (4000+) over relatively large areas (25+ mm2). Several experimental examples from these direct solar measurements shed light on some of the basic theories of how concentrated light affects the performance of multi junction photovoltaic cells. Out of these examples and theoretical foundations we conclude that for practical devices the first order constraint to optimum efficiency at ultra high concentrations is the series resistance. We also present a simple model based on published data and our results that can be used to predict the total system series resistance needed to optimize a system for a particular concentration.", "proceedingsTitle": "2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)", "conferenceName": "2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "000999-001002", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186121", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T19:45:07Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T19:45:07Z" } }, { "key": "WMXUNZI7", "version": 48, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/WMXUNZI7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/WMXUNZI7", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/5K5Z22E8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WMXUNZI7", "version": 48, "parentItem": "5K5Z22E8", "itemType": "note", "note": "Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T19:40:06Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T19:40:33Z" } }, { "key": "5K5Z22E8", "version": 47, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/5K5Z22E8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/5K5Z22E8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Golob et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "5K5Z22E8", "version": 47, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Development of a high-temperature solar gas cycle system with thermal energy storage", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew", "lastName": "Golob" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ryan", "lastName": "Dieter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Abdulaziz", "lastName": "Alrished" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dennis", "lastName": "Sadowsk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sheldon", "lastName": "Jeter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hany", "lastName": "Al-Ansary" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philipp", "lastName": "Schramek" } ], "abstractNote": "The use of gas cycles in solar thermal power plants has recently gained considerable attention, especially when used in conjunction with central receiver systems where peak temperatures can be very high, leading to high cycle efficiencies. One of the main advantages of using gas cycles for solar power plants is that they eliminate the need for continuous supply of water for cooling towers, making them particularly suitable for arid regions. Various gas cycle concepts have been proposed and tested, most of which involve using concentrated sunlight to directly heat compressed air or other gases. However, one of the main shortcomings of direct heating of air is that thermal energy storage becomes less viable. A number of solutions to this limitation have been proposed, but none has yet been fully demonstrated. A promising solution to the thermal energy storage problem is being developed. It involves the use of sand or other fine granular materials as the primary solar energy absorber and thermal energy storage medium. In this concept, sunlight is concentrated on a receiver in which sand is heated to temperatures that can approach 1000 C. A portion of this sand exchanges heat with air, which is then fed to a suitable gas cycle. The remainder of the sand is diverted to a well-insulated tank where it is stored for later use. One variation of this system is shown in the accompanying figures, which include a general view of the tower and heliostat field and a detail view of the central receiver concept. This work builds on the experience of other developers with sand as the proposed storage medium in trough plants, as well as the work of other investigators such as the work on the solid particle receiver concept that was introduced and tested at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility in Sandia National Laboratories [1] and [2]. The proposed system is expected to overcome the issue of low solar energy absorption efficiency through the use of a novel cavity receiver design. Furthermore, the system described in this work has a number of other novel features, including a patent-pending mechanism for transferring heat from the sand to air, and a compact and integrated storage system that minimizes land construction costs. This paper describes the conceptual features of the proposed system in some detail. It also summarizes the progress made so far in this project and outlines upcoming activities particularly in designing a 300 kW (thermal) test system whose construction is expected to commence in 2011. Copyright (2011) by the American Solar Energy Society.", "proceedingsTitle": "40th ASES National Solar Conference 2011, SOLAR 2011, May 17, 2011 - May 20, 2011", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "American Solar Energy Society", "place": "", "date": "2011", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "1", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "301-308", "series": "40th ASES National Solar Conference 2011, SOLAR 2011", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Engineering Village", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T19:40:06Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T19:40:06Z" } }, { "key": "W4RA6P3F", "version": 46, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/W4RA6P3F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/W4RA6P3F", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/JIFR94JF", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "W4RA6P3F", "version": 46, "parentItem": "JIFR94JF", "itemType": "note", "note": "Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T19:24:08Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T19:24:37Z" } }, { "key": "JIFR94JF", "version": 45, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/JIFR94JF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/JIFR94JF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jeter et al.", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "JIFR94JF", "version": 45, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Development of a chemical heat engine for modular solar thermal power", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sheldon", "lastName": "Jeter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ryan", "lastName": "Melsert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matt", "lastName": "Turk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hany", "lastName": "Al Ansary" } ], "abstractNote": "This study examines a closed electrochemical heat engine for converting solar energy to electricity, which can be called a chemical heat engine. This heat engine, shown schematically in Fig. 1, uses solar energy at temperatures compatible with contemporary concentrator solar power systems to dehydrogenate isopropanol at a high temperature (300 C) into a hydrogen and acetone vapor. This vapor is condensed and separated and then passed through a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell. In the cell, acetone acts as the oxidizer and hydrogen as the fuel. In the cell process, the acetone combines with hydrogen at a low temperature (30 C). This re-hydrogenation restores the isopropanol and releases waste heat and useful electrochemical work. The isopropanol is then fed back to the high temperature dehydrogenation reactor, resulting in a closed system. A base level system was first constructed and was modeled with a familiar commercial simulation program. An ideal system efficiency of 19% is calculated for the base model. This efficiency is promising but not compelling. The deficiency in the baseline design was recognized to be inadequate thermal energy management. Indeed, by incorporating heat recuperation between the high temperature stream exiting the dehydrogenation reactor and the low temperature stream entering the reactor, this ideal efficiency is increased to 30%. While this improved efficiency is very promising, obstacles to deployment remain. In particular, the issues of byproduct formation and catalyst selection. Due to the inherent complexity of the chemical processes, improved simulations needed for further process development and engineering design will require lab scale experimentation to generate needed performance and kinetic data and to verify the simulations. A preliminary investigation has begun and is described. copyright 2010, American Solar Energy Society.", "proceedingsTitle": "39th ASES National Solar Conference 2010, SOLAR 2010, May 17, 2010 - May 22, 2010", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "American Solar Energy Society", "place": "", "date": "2010", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "2", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1249-1253", "series": "39th ASES National Solar Conference 2010, SOLAR 2010", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Engineering Village", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T19:24:08Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T19:24:08Z" } }, { "key": "TC7FVEJ3", "version": 44, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/TC7FVEJ3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/TC7FVEJ3", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/C3CEBCEX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TC7FVEJ3", "version": 44, "parentItem": "C3CEBCEX", "itemType": "note", "note": "King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy
Saudi Arabia
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T19:06:30Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T19:06:33Z" } }, { "key": "DHS5EG6Z", "version": 40, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/DHS5EG6Z", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/DHS5EG6Z", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hepbasli and Alsuhaibani", "parsedDate": "2011-12", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DHS5EG6Z", "version": 40, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A key review on present status and future directions of solar energy studies and applications in Saudi Arabia", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arif", "lastName": "Hepbasli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zeyad", "lastName": "Alsuhaibani" } ], "abstractNote": "Renewable energy is accepted as a key source for the future, not only for Saudi Arabia, but also for the world. Saudi Arabia has abundant potential for exploiting solar energy, which is renewable, clean, and freely available. The average annual solar radiation falling on the Arabian Peninsula is about 2200 kWh/m2. Applications of solar energy in Saudi Arabia have been growing since 1960. Solar hydrogen production plant situated at the Solar Village, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, could have been considered as the world's first 350 kW solar-powered hydrogen-generation plant at the time of its inception. The development of solar energy, however, has been relatively low due to several obstacles although utilization of solar energy in its various aspects is very attractive for the country. The main objectives of this study are to address current applications and future aspects of solar energy along with studies conducted in this field and to assess them in the light of available sustainable energy technologies towards establishing energy policies. The solar energy-related topics reviewed include various types of solar radiation correlations, exergetic solar radiation, solar collectors, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, solar stills, solar-powered irrigation, solar energy-related greenhouses, solar hydrogen, solar water desalination and solar energy education. Some barriers, scenarios and constraints are also covered. The utilization of solar energy could cover a significant part of the energy demand in the country. If a major breakthrough is achieved in the field of solar-energy conversion, Saudi Arabia can be a leading producer and exporter of solar energy in the form of electricity. The geographical location of the country, its widespread unused desert land, and year-round clear skies, all make it an excellent candidate for this.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 2011", "volume": "15", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "5021-5050", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews", "DOI": "10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.052", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032111002930", "accessDate": "2013-05-01T19:06:03Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1364-0321", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T19:06:03Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T19:06:03Z" } }, { "key": "HXH62XTJ", "version": 39, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/HXH62XTJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/HXH62XTJ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/SMB2XZJV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HXH62XTJ", "version": 39, "parentItem": "SMB2XZJV", "itemType": "note", "note": "College of Engineering at Alkharj, King Saud University, BP 655-11946, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T17:57:49Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T17:57:51Z" } }, { "key": "SMB2XZJV", "version": 39, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/SMB2XZJV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/SMB2XZJV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zhani and Ben Bacha", "parsedDate": "2010-11", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "SMB2XZJV", "version": 39, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Experimental investigation of a new solar desalination prototype using the humidification dehumidification principle", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "Zhani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Ben Bacha" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper tackles an experimental investigation of a new solar desalination prototype using the humidification dehumidification principle at the weather conditions of Sfax City, Tunisia. The prototype is designed and constructed at the national engineering school of Sfax to conduct this experimental investigation under different meteorological and operating parameters. It is composed of a flat plate solar air collector, a flat plate solar water collector, a humidifier, an evaporation tower and a condensation tower. An economic analysis was conducted, since it affects the final cost of produced water, to determine both the cost of fresh water production and the payback period of the experimental setup. Although a system may be technically very efficient, it may not be economic. The experimental investigation of the dynamic behaviour of the solar desalination unit during summer season (June, July and August) and during a typical day in July was carried to study the temporal evolutions of the temperature of air and water and the relative humidity at the inlet and the outlet of each component of the system.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 2010", "volume": "35", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2610-2617", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.renene.2010.03.033", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148110001503", "accessDate": "2013-05-01T17:57:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-1481", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T17:57:34Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T17:57:34Z" } }, { "key": "8U7IEM4N", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/8U7IEM4N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/8U7IEM4N", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/6SSA8NCV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8U7IEM4N", "version": 38, "parentItem": "6SSA8NCV", "itemType": "note", "note": "c Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T16:54:50Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T16:54:52Z" } }, { "key": "6SSA8NCV", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/6SSA8NCV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/6SSA8NCV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Al-Nimr et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "6SSA8NCV", "version": 38, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A Novel Integrated Direct Absorption Self-Storage Solar Collector", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. A.", "lastName": "Al-Nimr" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Khuwaileh" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Alata" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Green Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "08/2011", "volume": "8", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "618-630", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/15435075.2011.600377", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15435075.2011.600377", "accessDate": "2013-05-01T16:54:35Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1543-5075, 1543-5083", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T16:54:35Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T16:54:35Z" } }, { "key": "RPTCACZ2", "version": 37, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/RPTCACZ2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/RPTCACZ2", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/PDPQ6MP5", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RPTCACZ2", "version": 37, "parentItem": "PDPQ6MP5", "itemType": "note", "note": "Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T16:51:33Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T16:51:35Z" } }, { "key": "PDPQ6MP5", "version": 37, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/PDPQ6MP5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/PDPQ6MP5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sahin et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "PDPQ6MP5", "version": 37, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Investigation into topping cycle: Thermal efficiency with and without presence of thermoelectric generator", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.Z.", "lastName": "Sahin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.S.", "lastName": "Yilbas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.Z.", "lastName": "Shuja" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "O.", "lastName": "Momin" } ], "abstractNote": "Thermoelectric power generation due to solar heating is a current interest in green energy research. One of the applications of the thermoelectric power generator is involved with the topping cycle, in which the thermoelectric generators were placed on the heat collector elements of a conventional solar concentration power plant. Although the topping cycle is practical and easy to operate, the efficiency of the thermal system with and without thermoelectric generator needs to be examined. In the present study, thermal efficiency of the topping cycle is analyzed and compared with its counterpart without the presence of the thermoelectric elements. Thermodynamic analysis for the efficiency of both the systems with and without thermoelectric generator is presented. The fluid flow and heat transfer in a tube with presence of thermoelectric elements resembling the solar heating system incorporated in the topping cycle are simulated numerically. It is found that, for a certain combination of operating and thermoelectric device parameters, thermal efficiency of the topping cycle becomes slightly higher than that of the same system without the presence of the thermoelectric generators.", "publicationTitle": "Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 2011", "volume": "36", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "4048-4054", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.energy.2011.04.044", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544211002933", "accessDate": "2013-05-01T16:51:20Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0360-5442", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Investigation into topping cycle", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T16:51:20Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T16:51:20Z" } }, { "key": "89EUZRVR", "version": 36, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/89EUZRVR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/89EUZRVR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/32WPEEN5", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "89EUZRVR", "version": 36, "parentItem": "32WPEEN5", "itemType": "note", "note": "Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T16:33:55Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T16:33:58Z" } }, { "key": "32WPEEN5", "version": 36, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/32WPEEN5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/32WPEEN5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Habeebullah", "parsedDate": "2007-08", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "32WPEEN5", "version": 36, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "An experimental study on ice formation around horizontal long tubes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Badr A.", "lastName": "Habeebullah" } ], "abstractNote": "The results of an experimental study are presented where the growth rate of ice on the outside of cooled copper tubes was studied. The tubes, which were immersed in water in an insulated vessel, were internally cooled by circulating glycol through them. It was found that axial growth rate of ice is distinct at low values of the coolant Reynolds number and short freezing times. The slope of the ice thickness with axial distance showed moderate dependency on time but varied with coolant flow rate, and with Stanton and Biot numbers. A key result from the experiments is the abrupt ice thickness enlargements on the surface of tube bends. This anomaly may be attributed to internal flow disturbances of the coolant, and creation of local eddies inside the bends that enhance growth of ice. The effect was evident for a low Reynolds number (Re = 251.9 and Bi < 1), and fades out for large Reynolds number flows.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Refrigeration", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "August 2007", "volume": "30", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "789-797", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "International Journal of Refrigeration", "DOI": "10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2006.12.007", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700706002702", "accessDate": "2013-05-01T16:33:47Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0140-7007", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T16:33:47Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T16:33:47Z" } }, { "key": "65PJ7D3W", "version": 35, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 162374, "name": "CSP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/65PJ7D3W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/csp/items/65PJ7D3W", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/162374/items/ZTESE29Q", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "65PJ7D3W", "version": 35, "parentItem": "ZTESE29Q", "itemType": "note", "note": "Energy Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T16:29:15Z", "dateModified": "2013-05-01T16:29:17Z" } } ]