[ { "key": "R5UJQTI8", "version": 30, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/R5UJQTI8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/R5UJQTI8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Previsic", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "R5UJQTI8", "version": 30, "itemType": "report", "title": "System level design, performance and costs for San Francisco California Pelamis offshore wave power plant", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mirko", "lastName": "Previsic" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "E2I EPRI Global-006A-SF", "reportType": "", "institution": "EPRI", "place": "", "date": "2004", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "73", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://oceanenergy.epri.com/attachments/wave/reports/006_San_Francisco_Pelamis_Conceptual_Design_12-11-04.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VZXWEW8U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-05T17:13:47Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-05T17:15:35Z" } }, { "key": "WA96FFV5", "version": 29, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/WA96FFV5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/WA96FFV5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dalton et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WA96FFV5", "version": 29, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A 10 year installation program for wave energy in Ireland: A case study sensitivity analysis on financial returns", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.J.", "lastName": "Dalton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Alcorn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Lewis" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper is a case study which examines the finances of a proposed installation schedule of 500 MW of a wave energy device type in Ireland. The novel aspects of the analysis were the modelling of the combined influence of learning curves, supply and demand rates as well as future cost of cash on the phased deployment over the 10 years. There are many studies which have examined the economics of renewable energy project installations, including wave energy. However, there is lack of research in the impact and implications of phased installations over time, especially when using a feed-in tariff (FIT) revenue mechanism. The goal of the study was twofold. The first goal was to assess the viability of the current Irish feed-in tariff within the context of a phased installation program for the wave energy device chosen for the study, and measures required to produce a positive rate of return. The second aim was to assess the impact of learning curve, supply/demand curves and future cost of cash on phased project installations. The wave energy device chosen for the study was the Pelamis P1 and the economic model used was NAVITAS, created by HMRC. The assessment was based on net present value and internal rate of return. The wave energy data for the study was 2007 from M4 of the west coast of Ireland, obtained from Marine Institute, Ireland. Results from the case study indicated that the high initial costs for the case study wave energy device had a significant impact on financial returns. Results of the case study indicate that higher tariffs may be required than the current Irish, static, nonindex linked, FIT to foster positive returns for future wave energy projects, especially if phased installations are considered, which are susceptible to future cash and supply/demand factors. The large range of sensitivity factors assessed in the case study demonstrates the vulnerable nature of these large scale projects when estimating financial returns. Further studies will be required to assess multiple device types, update initial costs for wave energy devices, provide reliable power matrices, as well as appropriate learning curve and supply demand rates.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 2012", "volume": "40", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "80-89", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.renene.2011.09.025", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096014811100543X", "accessDate": "2013-04-05T17:13:03Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-1481", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "A 10 year installation program for wave energy in Ireland", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Capex", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Future cost of cash", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Internal rate of return", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Learning curve", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Net present value", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Supply/demand", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VZXWEW8U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-05T17:13:03Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-05T17:13:03Z" } }, { "key": "XC8X53I9", "version": 28, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/XC8X53I9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/XC8X53I9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "O'Connor et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XC8X53I9", "version": 28, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Techno-economic performance of the Pelamis P1 and Wavestar at different ratings and various locations in Europe", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "O'Connor" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Lewis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Dalton" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper presents the results of a case study comparing the performance of two wave energy devices at various scaled power ratings deployed at several European wave energy locations. The study facilitates a novel comparison to be made of different technology types, different wave energy locations and assessed the impacts of using scaled version of the devices on performance. The Pelamis P1 and Wavestar devices were modelled at a sample spread of wave climates locations across Europe. The performance of the devices at various scales and locations was shown both from an energy and economic perspective. Case study results indicate that the Pelamis P1 devices produced the highest energy and economic returns at high resource locations, but produced poor results at poor resource locations. The Wavestar had less variation over the six case study locations and produced higher energy outputs at sites with a lower resource. For the case study devices selected, Ireland produced the highest energy and economic returns and Greece the lowest. Results for other countries were more device specific. Even though smaller rated devices produced higher energy outputs, large scale devices produced better economic returns, suggesting that economies of scale are relevant to wave energy.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 2013", "volume": "50", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "889-900", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.renene.2012.08.009", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148112004715", "accessDate": "2013-04-05T17:12:21Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-1481", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Access", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Availability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cost of electricity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Feed in tariff", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "IRR", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Scaling", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VZXWEW8U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-05T17:12:21Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-05T17:12:21Z" } }, { "key": "7SBIDZUA", "version": 28, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/7SBIDZUA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/7SBIDZUA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "O'Connor et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7SBIDZUA", "version": 28, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Operational expenditure costs for wave energy projects and impacts on financial returns", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "O'Connor" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Lewis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Dalton" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper examines 'availability' and the input metrics of operational expenditure (OPEX) for wave energy projects and reports on a case study which assesses the impact of these inputs on project profit returns. Case study simulations modelled a 75 MW wave energy project at two locations; the west coast of Ireland and the north coast of Portugal. Access and availability with respect to weather windows at both locations are discussed and their impact on energy output and wave farm operations is quantified. The input metrics used to calculate OPEX of wave energy projects are defined as well as the impact of OPEX on project net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR). Results indicate that access and resultant availability factors have a significant impact on case study results by reducing energy output and correspondingly financial returns. Furthermore, the technology maturity level designated for a project also impacts on availability factors and consequently energy output and NPV. Case study profits proved to be very sensitive to annual OPEX, especially if overhaul and replacement costs were accounted for. As a result of the impact of 'availability' on project profit returns, Feed-in tariffs will need to be tailored to the location in question as well as the device technology maturity level, with case study simulations indicating that high FIT will be required to support early stage WEC projects.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 2013", "volume": "50", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1119-1131", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.renene.2012.08.059", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148112005290", "accessDate": "2013-04-05T17:11:39Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-1481", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Access", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Availability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cost of electricity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Feed-in tariff", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "O/M", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VZXWEW8U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-05T17:11:39Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-05T17:11:39Z" } }, { "key": "TXCPQA27", "version": 28, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/TXCPQA27", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/TXCPQA27", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dalton et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TXCPQA27", "version": 28, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Case study feasibility analysis of the Pelamis wave energy convertor in Ireland, Portugal and North America", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.J.", "lastName": "Dalton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Alcorn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Lewis" } ], "abstractNote": "The performance and economic viability of the Pelamis wave energy converter (WEC) has been investigated over a 20 year project time period using 2007 wave energy data from various global locations: Ireland, Portugal, USA and Canada. Previous reports assessing the Pelamis quote a disparate range of financial returns for the Pelamis, necessitating a comparative standardised assessment of wave energy economic indicators. An Excel model (NAVITAS) was created for this purpose which estimated the annual energy output of Pelamis for each location using wave height (Hs) and period (Tz) data, and produced financial results dependant on various input parameters. The economic indicators used for the analysis were cost of electricity (COE), net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR), modelled at a tariff rate of €0.20/kWh). Analysis of the wave energy data showed that the highest annual energy output (AEO) and capacity for the Pelamis was the Irish site, as expected. Portugal returned lower AOE similar to the lesser North American sites. Monthly energy output was highest in the winter, and was particularly evident in the Irish location. Moreover, the difference between the winter wave energy input and the Pelamis energy output for Ireland was also significant as indicated by the capture width, suggesting that Pelamis design was not efficiently capturing all the wave energy states present during that period. Modelling of COE for the various case study locations showed large variation in returns, depending on the number of WEC modelled and the initial cost input and learning curve. COE was highest when modelling single WEC in comparison to multiples, as well as when using 2004 initial costs in comparison to 2008 costs (at which time price of materials peaked). Ireland returned the lowest COE of €0.05/kWh modelling over 100 WEC at 2004 cost of materials, and €0.15/kWh at 2008 prices. Although favourable COE were recorded from some of the modelled scenarios, results indicated that NPV and IRR were not encouraging when using a €0.20/kWh tariff. It is recommended that a tariff rate of €0.30/kWh be considered for Ireland, and higher rates for other locations. In conclusion, Ireland had the most abundant wave energy output from the Pelamis. COE returns for Ireland were competitive for large number of WEC, even at peak costs, but it is recommended that careful analysis of NPV and IRR should be carried out for full economic assessment. Finally, a standardised method of COE reporting is recommended, using fixed WEC number or MW size, as well as standardised learning/production curves and initial costs, to facilitate confidence in investment decisions based on COE.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 2010", "volume": "35", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "443-455", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.renene.2009.07.003", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148109002948", "accessDate": "2013-04-05T17:10:59Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-1481", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Annual energy output", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cost of electricity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Feed-in tariff", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hs and Tz", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Learning/production curve", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pelamis wave energy converter", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VZXWEW8U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-05T17:10:59Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-05T17:10:59Z" } }, { "key": "9MM2SJW8", "version": 25, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/9MM2SJW8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/9MM2SJW8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Beels et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9MM2SJW8", "version": 25, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A methodology for production and cost assessment of a farm of wave energy converters", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charlotte", "lastName": "Beels" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Troch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jens Peter", "lastName": "Kofoed" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Frigaard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jon", "lastName": "Vindahl Kringelum" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Carsten Kromann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martin", "lastName": "Heyman Donovan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julien", "lastName": "De Rouck" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Griet", "lastName": "De Backer" } ], "abstractNote": "To generate a substantial amount of power, Wave Energy Converters (WECs) are arranged in several rows or in a ‘farm’. Both the power production and cost of a farm are lay-out dependent. In this paper, the wave power redistribution in and around three farm lay-outs in a near shore North Sea wave climate, is assessed numerically using a time-dependent mild-slope equation model. The modelling of the wave power redistribution is an efficient tool to assess the power production of a farm. Further, for each lay-out an optimal (low cost) submarine cable network is designed. The methodology to assess the power production and cost of a farm of WECs is applied to the Wave Dragon Wave Energy Converter (WD–WEC). The WD–WEC is a floating offshore converter of the overtopping type, which captures the water volume of overtopped waves in a basin above mean sea level and produces power when the water drains back to the sea through hydro turbines. It is observed that the cable cost is relatively small compared to the cost of the WD–WECs. As a result, WD–WECs should be installed in a lay-out to increase power production rather than decrease cable cost, taking spatial and safety considerations into account. WD–WECs arranged in a single line produce the highest amount of power, but require an available sea area with a large width (51 km). Installing a single line of WD–WECs in front of a farm of wind turbines increases the time window for accessing the wind farm (applied to Horns Rev II – significant wave height smaller than 1–2 m during 8 h at minimum) by 9–14%.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 2011", "volume": "36", "issue": "12", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3402-3416", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.renene.2011.05.019", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148111002473", "accessDate": "2013-04-05T17:08:24Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-1481", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Cost", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Farm", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Power production", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Wave Dragon", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Wave energy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VZXWEW8U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-05T17:08:24Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-05T17:08:24Z" } }, { "key": "W5H4GE37", "version": 24, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/W5H4GE37", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/W5H4GE37", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Stallard", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "W5H4GE37", "version": 24, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "8.06 - Economics of Ocean Energy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Stallard" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Ali Sayigh" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Comprehensive Renewable Energy", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2012", "publisher": "Elsevier", "place": "Oxford", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "151-169", "ISBN": "978-0-08-087873-7", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080878720008064", "accessDate": "2013-04-05T17:06:20Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VZXWEW8U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-05T17:06:20Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-05T17:06:20Z" } }, { "key": "4KCDFTUU", "version": 23, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/4KCDFTUU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/4KCDFTUU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Stallard et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-03-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4KCDFTUU", "version": 23, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A comparative approach to the economic modelling of a large-scale wave power scheme", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Stallard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Rothschild" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.A.", "lastName": "Aggidis" } ], "abstractNote": "Conversion of marine energy sources, including ocean waves and tidal currents, into electricity is a rapidly developing industry. Although many technologies have been proposed and some have generated electricity at full scale, it is difficult to predict which technology will be economic at large scales of installation. Several studies have been conducted which estimate the cost of electricity on the basis of schematic designs. However, each study represents a best estimate of the future cost based on current design details and direct comparison between the results of these studies is not straightforward. A methodology for directly comparing different wave energy concepts and potential locations would be beneficial to aid investment decisions. In this study we describe how the established data envelopment analysis technique could be employed for this purpose. The developed model is employed to rank the efficacy with which several types of conceptual and prototype wave energy conversion technologies generate electricity from the wave energy resource available at UK and US sites.", "publicationTitle": "European Journal of Operational Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 1, 2008", "volume": "185", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "884-898", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "European Journal of Operational Research", "DOI": "10.1016/j.ejor.2007.01.021", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377221707001415", "accessDate": "2013-04-05T17:05:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0377-2217", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Data envelopment analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ocean wave energy conversion", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VZXWEW8U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-05T17:05:19Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-05T17:05:19Z" } }, { "key": "C55U3QNF", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/C55U3QNF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/C55U3QNF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Allan et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "C55U3QNF", "version": 21, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Levelised costs of Wave and Tidal energy in the UK: Cost competitiveness and the importance of “banded” Renewables Obligation Certificates", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Grant", "lastName": "Allan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michelle", "lastName": "Gilmartin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "McGregor" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kim", "lastName": "Swales" } ], "abstractNote": "In this paper, publicly available cost data are used to calculate the private levelised costs of two marine energy technologies for UK electricity generation: Wave and Tidal Stream power. These estimates are compared to those for ten other electricity generation technologies whose costs were identified by the UK Government (DTI, 2006). Under plausible assumptions for costs and performance, point estimates of the levelised costs of Wave and Tidal Stream generation are £190 and £81/MWh, respectively. Sensitivity analysis shows how these relative private levelised costs calculations are affected by variation in key parameters, specifically the assumed capital costs, fuel costs and the discount rate. We also consider the impact of the introduction of technology-differentiated financial support for renewable energy on the cost competitiveness of Wave and Tidal Stream power. Further, we compare the impact of the current UK government support level to the more generous degree of assistance for marine technologies that is proposed by the Scottish government.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 2011", "volume": "39", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "23-39", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2010.08.029", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510006440", "accessDate": "2013-04-05T17:00:08Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Levelised costs of Wave and Tidal energy in the UK", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Levelised costs comparison", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Marine energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Support mechanisms", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VZXWEW8U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-05T17:00:08Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-05T17:00:08Z" } }, { "key": "92MVTV62", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/92MVTV62", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/92MVTV62", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jarocki", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "92MVTV62", "version": 20, "itemType": "thesis", "title": "Wave energy converter performance modeling and cost of electricity assessment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dmitri", "lastName": "Jarocki" } ], "abstractNote": "", "thesisType": "Master of Science", "university": "California Polytechnic State University", "place": "", "date": "2010", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "numPages": "92", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1288&context=theses", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VZXWEW8U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-05T16:50:01Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-05T16:51:58Z" } }, { "key": "5A39CXBI", "version": 17, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/5A39CXBI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/5A39CXBI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Stallard et al.", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5A39CXBI", "version": 17, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Economic assessment of marine energy schemes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Stallard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.P.", "lastName": "Harrison" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Ricci" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.L.", "lastName": "Villante" } ], "abstractNote": "", "proceedingsTitle": "", "conferenceName": "EWTEC", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2009", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "10", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.see.ed.ac.uk/~shs/Wave%20Energy/EWTEC%202009/EWTEC%202009%20%28D%29/papers/149.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VZXWEW8U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-05T16:47:30Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-05T16:48:47Z" } }, { "key": "DE6MGMP8", "version": 16, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/DE6MGMP8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/DE6MGMP8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Previsic et al.", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DE6MGMP8", "version": 16, "itemType": "report", "title": "Economic assessment methodology for offshore wave power plants", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mirko", "lastName": "Previsic" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Omar", "lastName": "Siddiqui" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roger", "lastName": "Bedard" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "E2I EPRI WP-US-002 Rev 4", "reportType": "", "institution": "EPRI", "place": "", "date": "2004", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "26", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://oceanenergy.epri.com/attachments/wave/reports/002_Rev_4_Econ_Methodology_RB_12-18-04.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VZXWEW8U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-05T16:16:02Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-05T16:18:05Z" } }, { "key": "45AK28V7", "version": 25, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/45AK28V7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/45AK28V7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Teillant et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "45AK28V7", "version": 25, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Productivity and economic assessment of wave energy projects through operational simulations", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Boris", "lastName": "Teillant" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ronan", "lastName": "Costello" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jochem", "lastName": "Weber" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Ringwood" } ], "abstractNote": "In this work, we present a methodology for the assessment of the economic value of ocean wave energy schemes. Such an assessment is a necessary tool for supporting investment decisions in the development of wave farms and in the development of wave energy converter (WEC) technology. To overcome the lack of operational experience, the methodology presented includes detailed operational simulations which relate the operational costs and the availability of the plant for power production to the characteristics of the device, the location, and the maintenance strategy chosen. The methodology consists of firstly, a productivity and costs assessment which embodies the operational simulations and secondly, a financial calculator which employs discounted cash-flow techniques to produce selected economic indicators. A case study, consisting of one hundred WECs units deployed off the West Coast of Ireland, is presented to exemplify the use of the methodology. The paper also explores how the key inputs to the assessment affect the economic performance of the case study project via a sensitivity analysis.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 2012", "volume": "48", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "220-230", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.renene.2012.05.001", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096014811200314X", "accessDate": "2013-04-05T16:02:27Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-1481", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Costs", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Economic value", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Operational simulations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Productivity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Wave energy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VZXWEW8U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-05T16:02:27Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-05T16:02:27Z" } }, { "key": "B5GBSKX5", "version": 12, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/B5GBSKX5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/B5GBSKX5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Leijon et al.", "parsedDate": "2003-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "B5GBSKX5", "version": 12, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Economical considerations of renewable electric energy production—especially development of wave energy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mats", "lastName": "Leijon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hans", "lastName": "Bernhoff" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marcus", "lastName": "Berg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Olov", "lastName": "Ågren" } ], "abstractNote": "Investments in renewable energy plants normally only take standard economic key figures into account, such as installed rated power, the market price of energy and the interest rate. The authors propose that the degree of utilisation, i.e. the ratio of yearly produced energy in the installation to the installed power, must be included due to its significant impact on the present value of the investment. A site with a limited average wave height could be of economic interest if the utility factor for the installation is high, since the investment cost (associated with the power installed) can be better adjusted to conditions at the particular site. In the case of wave power from the Baltic Sea with its limited variation in wave height (and limited average wave height), this indicates that the economic potential is best for smaller units.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 2003", "volume": "28", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1201-1209", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/S0960-1481(02)00157-X", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096014810200157X", "accessDate": "2013-04-05T16:01:15Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-1481", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Renewable energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Utility factor", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Wave power", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Wind power", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VZXWEW8U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-05T16:01:15Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-05T16:01:15Z" } }, { "key": "FTQWWNTI", "version": 11, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/FTQWWNTI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/FTQWWNTI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Thorpe", "parsedDate": "1999", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FTQWWNTI", "version": 11, "itemType": "report", "title": "A brief review of wave energy: a report produced for the UK Department of Trade and Industry", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.W.", "lastName": "Thorpe" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "ETSU-R120", "reportType": "", "institution": "", "place": "", "date": "1999", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "151", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.see.ed.ac.uk/~shs/Wave%20Energy/thorpe%20review%20.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VZXWEW8U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-05T15:46:13Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-05T15:47:37Z" } }, { "key": "JZ8QHD93", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/JZ8QHD93", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/JZ8QHD93", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tong", "parsedDate": "1998-04-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JZ8QHD93", "version": 8, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Technical and economic aspects of a floating offshore wind farm", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.C", "lastName": "Tong" } ], "abstractNote": "Development of the conceptual design for FLOAT – an offshore floating wind turbine – is described in this paper. This design represents a marriage of the wind power and offshore oil and gas technology. The objective of the FLOAT project is to develop a floating wind turbine system enabling the economic generation of electricity from wind power in offshore locations, typically between 100 and 300 m water depth. The technical and economic aspect of installing an offshore wind farm based on the FLOAT concept is addressed. Issues with regard to legal, environmental, fabrication and installation operations are considered.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 1, 1998", "volume": "74–76", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "399-410", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics", "DOI": "10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00036-1", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167610598000361", "accessDate": "2013-04-03T21:46:04Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0167-6105", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DPBRUPXX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-03T21:46:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-03T21:46:04Z" } }, { "key": "JDJARQ6Q", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/JDJARQ6Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/JDJARQ6Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Akimoto et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JDJARQ6Q", "version": 8, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A conceptual study of floating axis water current turbine for low-cost energy capturing from river, tide and ocean currents", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hiromichi", "lastName": "Akimoto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kenji", "lastName": "Tanaka" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kiyoshi", "lastName": "Uzawa" } ], "abstractNote": "The cost of utilizing kinetic energy of river stream, tidal and ocean current is considered to be higher than that of wind power generation because of difficulties in construction and maintenance of devices installed in seawater. As a solution to the problem, the authors propose a new concept of water stream turbine. The main idea is in the manner of supporting turbine. Although it is similar to a vertical axis turbine, the direction of turbine axis is not firmly fixed and its tilt angle is passively adjustable to the stream velocity. Since it does not have to keep the turbine axis in upright position, required structural strength and weight of the device will be reduced significantly. This paper describes the application ranging from the small hydro power in river streams to large application of tidal and ocean current turbine. In the large capacity plant for tidal stream and ocean current, the main mechanism of turbine axis support is the same as that of the wind turbine authors proposed in the previous paper. It leads to the further opportunity of cost reduction. The sample design of a multi-megawatt ocean current turbine shows the possibility of high economic performance of the concept. The results show that the cost of energy in the concept can be comparable to a land based wind turbine.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 2013", "volume": "57", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "283-288", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.renene.2013.02.002", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148113000980", "accessDate": "2013-04-03T21:43:00Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-1481", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VZXWEW8U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-03T21:43:00Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-03T21:43:00Z" } }, { "key": "ZW79Q4RQ", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/ZW79Q4RQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/ZW79Q4RQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Blonk", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZW79Q4RQ", "version": 8, "itemType": "thesis", "title": "Conceptual design and evaluation of economic feasibility of floating vertical axis wind turbines", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.L.", "lastName": "Blonk" } ], "abstractNote": "", "thesisType": "Master of Science", "university": "Delft University of Technology", "place": "", "date": "2010", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "numPages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.lr.tudelft.nl/fileadmin/Faculteit/LR/Organisatie/Afdelingen_en_Leerstoelen/Afdeling_AEWE/Wind_Energy/Education/Masters_Projects/Finished_Master_projects/doc/Lindert_Blonk_r.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DPBRUPXX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-03T21:39:51Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-03T21:41:07Z" } }, { "key": "XVJS9WB6", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/XVJS9WB6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/XVJS9WB6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wayman", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XVJS9WB6", "version": 8, "itemType": "thesis", "title": "Coupled dynamics and economic analysis of floating wind turbine systems", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elizabeth", "lastName": "Wayman" } ], "abstractNote": "", "thesisType": "Master of Science in Mechancal Engineering", "university": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "place": "", "date": "2006", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "numPages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/35650/76761300.pdf?.", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DPBRUPXX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-03T21:25:42Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-03T21:26:48Z" } }, { "key": "T8V43P62", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/T8V43P62", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/T8V43P62", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wang et al.", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T8V43P62", "version": 8, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Research on floating wind turbines: a literature survey", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. M.", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Utsunomiya" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. C.", "lastName": "Wee" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y. S.", "lastName": "Choo" } ], "abstractNote": "This article presents a literature survey of research and development on floating wind turbines. The various, proposed conceptual designs for floating platforms used for floating wind turbines are described and the working principles of these various floater concepts are outlined. This is followed by an overview of the research work that has been undertaken pertaining to floating wind turbine technology by several research institutes and the academic community. The research work undertaken to date is reviewed categorically according to the proposed floater concept (spar-buoy type, TLP type, semi-submersible type, pontoon type and others) as per sections 3–7. Based on the research work undertaken thus far, recommendations for future work are suggested.", "publicationTitle": "The IES Journal Part A: Civil & Structural Engineering", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2010", "volume": "3", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "267-277", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/19373260.2010.517395", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19373260.2010.517395", "accessDate": "2013-04-03T20:57:30Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1937-3260", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Research on floating wind turbines", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DPBRUPXX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-03T20:57:30Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-03T20:57:30Z" } }, { "key": "63KPEE35", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/63KPEE35", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/63KPEE35", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Akimoto et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-10-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "63KPEE35", "version": 7, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Floating axis wind turbines for offshore power generation—a conceptual study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hiromichi", "lastName": "Akimoto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kenji", "lastName": "Tanaka" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kiyoshi", "lastName": "Uzawa" } ], "abstractNote": "The cost of energy produced by offshore wind turbines is considered to be higher than land based ones because of the difficulties in construction, operation and maintenance on offshore sites. To solve the problem, we propose a concept of a wind turbine that is specially designed for an offshore environment. In the proposed concept, a floater of revolutionary shape supports the load of the wind turbine axis. The floater rotates with the turbine and the turbine axis tilts to balance the turbine thrust, buoyancy and gravity. The tilt angle is passively adjustable to wind force. The angle is 30° at rated power. The simplicity of the system leads to further cost reduction of offshore power generation.", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Research Letters", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011-10-01", "volume": "6", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "044017", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Environ. Res. Lett.", "DOI": "10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/044017", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/6/4/044017", "accessDate": "2013-04-03T20:39:09Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1748-9326", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Institute of Physics", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DPBRUPXX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-03T20:39:09Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-03T20:39:09Z" } }, { "key": "FV25DPEW", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 158803, "name": "LCOE-offshore", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/158803/items/FV25DPEW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/lcoe-offshore/items/FV25DPEW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bulder et al.", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FV25DPEW", "version": 4, "itemType": "report", "title": "Floating offshore wind turbines for shallow waters", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.H.", "lastName": "Bulder" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Henderson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.H.M.", "lastName": "Huijsmans" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.M.", "lastName": "Peeringa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.T.G.", "lastName": "Pierik" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.J.B.", "lastName": "Snijders" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.Th.", "lastName": "van Hees" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.H.", "lastName": "Wijnants" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.J.", "lastName": "Wolf" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "ECN", "place": "", "date": "2003(?)", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ecn.nl/docs/library/report/2003/rx03039.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DPBRUPXX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-03T19:52:29Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-03T19:55:11Z" } } ]