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    {
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            "type": "group",
            "id": 15576,
            "name": "Crucible damascus steel, wootz, and pulad",
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            "creatorSummary": "Reibold et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2009",
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            "title": "Discovery of Nanotubes in Ancient Damascus Steel",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Marianne",
                    "lastName": "Reibold"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Peter",
                    "lastName": "Paufler"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Aleksandr A.",
                    "lastName": "Levin"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Werner",
                    "lastName": "Kochmann"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Nora",
                    "lastName": "Pätzke"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Dirk C.",
                    "lastName": "Meyer"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Using high-resolution electron microscopy, we have found in a sample of Damascus sabres from the 17th century both cementite\nnanowires and carbon nanotubes. These might be the missing link between the banding and ancient recipes to make that ultrahigh\ncarbon steel. The sample considered belonged to the wootz-type of Damascus steel which is fundamentally different from welded\nDamast. The nanotubes have only been revealed after dissolution of the sample in hydrochloric acid. Some remnants showed not\nyet completely dissolved cementite nanowires, suggesting that these wires were encapsulated by carbon nanotubes. Only recently,\nconsiderable progress has been achieved in reproducing the process of making the characteristic pattern of wootz. We propose\na connection between impurity segregation, nanotube formation, nanotube filling with cementite, cementite wire growth, and\nformation of large cementite particles. Needless to say that the presence of a nanostructure will have an impact upon the\nmechanical properties.",
            "bookTitle": "Physics and Engineering of New Materials",
            "series": "",
            "seriesNumber": "",
            "volume": "",
            "numberOfVolumes": "",
            "edition": "",
            "date": "2009",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "originalDate": "",
            "originalPublisher": "",
            "originalPlace": "",
            "format": "",
            "pages": "305-310",
            "ISBN": "",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.hofstra.edu/10.1007/978-3-540-88201-5_35",
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            "ISSN": "",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [],
            "collections": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2010-04-09T15:51:24Z",
            "dateModified": "2010-04-09T15:51:24Z"
        }
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]