[ { "key": "VW4IGHF2", "version": 29, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 152467, "name": "Biodiversity and Conservation JJM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/152467/items/VW4IGHF2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm/items/VW4IGHF2", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/152467/items/SE6I9GGA", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1272888, "username": "mhaworth", "name": "Max Haworth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mhaworth", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "VW4IGHF2", "version": 29, "parentItem": "SE6I9GGA", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2013-04-26T15:30:50Z", "url": "http://www.sciencemag.org/content/318/5857/1737.full", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "1737.html", "md5": "16bd5d59399576c2a1e991e8f94d85cd", "mtime": 1366996787000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-26T17:19:47Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-26T17:19:47Z" } }, { "key": "VUPN5MBD", "version": 29, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 152467, "name": "Biodiversity and Conservation JJM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/152467/items/VUPN5MBD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm/items/VUPN5MBD", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/152467/items/SE6I9GGA", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1272888, "username": "mhaworth", "name": "Max Haworth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mhaworth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VUPN5MBD", "version": 29, "parentItem": "SE6I9GGA", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2013-04-26T15:30:50Z", "url": "http://www.sciencemag.org/content/318/5857/1737.full.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Hoegh-Guldberg et al. - 2007 - Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean A.pdf", "md5": "c0ac0dd6e3a318548b1862b754f40cfe", "mtime": 1366996787000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-26T17:19:47Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-26T17:19:47Z" } }, { "key": "SE6I9GGA", "version": 28, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 152467, "name": "Biodiversity and Conservation JJM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/152467/items/SE6I9GGA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm/items/SE6I9GGA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1272888, "username": "mhaworth", "name": "Max Haworth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mhaworth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hoegh-Guldberg et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-12-14", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "SE6I9GGA", "version": 28, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "O.", "lastName": "Hoegh-Guldberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. J.", "lastName": "Mumby" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. J.", "lastName": "Hooten" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. S.", "lastName": "Steneck" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Greenfield" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Gomez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. D.", "lastName": "Harvell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. F.", "lastName": "Sale" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. J.", "lastName": "Edwards" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "Caldeira" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Knowlton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. M.", "lastName": "Eakin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Iglesias-Prieto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Muthiga" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. H.", "lastName": "Bradbury" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Dubi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. E.", "lastName": "Hatziolos" } ], "abstractNote": "Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to exceed 500 parts per million and global temperatures to rise by at least 2°C by 2050 to 2100, values that significantly exceed those of at least the past 420,000 years during which most extant marine organisms evolved. Under conditions expected in the 21st century, global warming and ocean acidification will compromise carbonate accretion, with corals becoming increasingly rare on reef systems. The result will be less diverse reef communities and carbonate reef structures that fail to be maintained. Climate change also exacerbates local stresses from declining water quality and overexploitation of key species, driving reefs increasingly toward the tipping point for functional collapse. This review presents future scenarios for coral reefs that predict increasingly serious consequences for reef-associated fisheries, tourism, coastal protection, and people. As the International Year of the Reef 2008 begins, scaled-up management intervention and decisive action on global emissions are required if the loss of coral-dominated ecosystems is to be avoided.", "publicationTitle": "Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "12/14/2007", "volume": "318", "issue": "5857", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1737-1742", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Science", "DOI": "10.1126/science.1152509", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencemag.org/content/318/5857/1737", "accessDate": "2013-04-26T15:30:50Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0036-8075, 1095-9203", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.sciencemag.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "biodiversity" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/45298/items/BK7X3BDK" }, "dateAdded": "2013-04-26T17:19:47Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-26T17:19:47Z" } }, { "key": "EU4QW5PH", "version": 26, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 152467, "name": "Biodiversity and Conservation JJM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/152467/items/EU4QW5PH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm/items/EU4QW5PH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1272777, "username": "protoj", "name": "Joshua Proto", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/protoj", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Piña-Aguilar et al.", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EU4QW5PH", "version": 26, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Revival of Extinct Species Using Nuclear Transfer: Hope for the Mammoth, True for the Pyrenean Ibex, But Is It Time for “Conservation Cloning”?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Raul E.", "lastName": "Piña-Aguilar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Janet", "lastName": "Lopez-Saucedo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard", "lastName": "Sheffield" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lilia I.", "lastName": "Ruiz-Galaz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jose", "lastName": "de J. Barroso-Padilla" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Antonio", "lastName": "Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Cloning and Stem Cells", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "09/2009", "volume": "11", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "341-346", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1089/clo.2009.0026", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/clo.2009.0026?journalCode=clo", "accessDate": "2013-04-24T01:45:45Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1536-2302, 1557-7457", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Revival of Extinct Species Using Nuclear Transfer", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/45298/items/WXR4CTFF" }, "dateAdded": "2013-04-24T01:45:45Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-24T01:45:45Z" } }, { "key": "GMMCI93J", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 152467, "name": "Biodiversity and Conservation JJM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/152467/items/GMMCI93J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm/items/GMMCI93J", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1272777, "username": "protoj", "name": "Joshua Proto", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/protoj", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1272888, "username": "mhaworth", "name": "Max Haworth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mhaworth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Laris", "parsedDate": "2011-09", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "GMMCI93J", "version": 21, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Humanizing Savanna Biogeography: Linking Human Practices with Ecological Patterns in a Frequently Burned Savanna of Southern Mali", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul", "lastName": "Laris" } ], "abstractNote": "The savanna biome is defined by the codominance of grasses and trees, the precise ratio of which is a function of numerous variables, both natural and anthropogenic. Fire is a critical determinant of the tree-to-grass ratio because it can suppress tree establishment and growth. Despite the fact that nearly all fires have human causes, most savanna fire ecology models are based solely on ecological variables and fail to integrate human land and fire use patterns. To understand how human burning practices, land cover patterns, and fire regimes are linked I combined the results of an image-based burn scar analysis and land cover maps generated from a Landsat database covering thirty years with interview and survey results. I documented the spatially explicit fire regime for an area of Sudan savanna in southern Mali and linked it to human practices and land cover patterns. The study concludes that burning creates a seasonal mosaic in which some patches regularly burn early and others late, whereas some areas rarely if ever burn. Ecologists attribute mosaic fire regimes to natural factors such as plant succession, but this research demonstrates that the regime is a function of the combined effects of edaphic conditions, vegetation patterns, land use, and widespread burning practices. The anthropogenic burning regime documented here differs from the one based on ecological theory in that its spatiotemporal pattern is relatively consistent from year to year. The findings demonstrate the need to 'humanize' savanna models by breaking nature-society dichotomies and synthesizing natural and social science explanations.", "publicationTitle": "Annals of the Association of American Geographers", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 2011", "volume": "101", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1067-1088", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Annals of the Association of American Geographers", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00045608", "archive": "a9h", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Humanizing Savanna Biogeography", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "63552094", "rights": "", "extra": "This study surveys the reliability of geographic information that fails to account for human alterations of the geography. It proposes the importance for all scientific studies to looks beyond theoretical notions of natural systems, but instead observe how human interactions alter the theoretical or historically observed system behavior.", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/45298/items/FSV2XIMD" }, "dateAdded": "2013-03-06T19:18:03Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-22T18:15:22Z" } }, { "key": "TJTNU5G7", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 152467, "name": "Biodiversity and Conservation JJM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/152467/items/TJTNU5G7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm/items/TJTNU5G7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1272888, "username": "mhaworth", "name": "Max Haworth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mhaworth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mantyka-pringle et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "TJTNU5G7", "version": 20, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Interactions between climate and habitat loss effects on biodiversity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chrystal S.", "lastName": "Mantyka-pringle" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tara G.", "lastName": "Martin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonathan R.", "lastName": "Rhodes" } ], "abstractNote": "Climate change and habitat loss are both key threatening processes driving the global loss in biodiversity. Yet little is known about their synergistic effects on biological populations due to the complexity underlying both processes. If the combined effects of habitat loss and climate change are greater than the effects of each threat individually, current conservation management strategies may be inefficient and at worst ineffective. Therefore, there is a pressing need to identify whether interacting effects between climate change and habitat loss exist and, if so, quantify the magnitude of their impact. In this article, we present a meta-analysis of studies that quantify the effect of habitat loss on biological populations and examine whether the magnitude of these effects depends on current climatic conditions and historical rates of climate change. We examined 1319 papers on habitat loss and fragmentation, identified from the past 20 years, representing a range of taxa, landscapes, land-uses, geographic locations and climatic conditions. We find that current climate and climate change are important factors determining the negative effects of habitat loss on species density and/or diversity. The most important determinant of habitat loss and fragmentation effects, averaged across species and geographic regions, was current maximum temperature, with mean precipitation change over the last 100 years of secondary importance. Habitat loss and fragmentation effects were greatest in areas with high maximum temperatures. Conversely, they were lowest in areas where average rainfall has increased over time. To our knowledge, this is the first study to conduct a global terrestrial analysis of existing data to quantify and test for interacting effects between current climate, climatic change and habitat loss on biological populations. Understanding the synergistic effects between climate change and other threatening processes has critical implications for our ability to support and incorporate climate change adaptation measures into policy development and management response.", "publicationTitle": "Global Change Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "18", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1239–1252", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02593.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02593.x/abstract", "accessDate": "2013-03-06T19:10:17Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1365-2486", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Interactions between climate and habitat loss effects on biodiversity", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "extra": "Climate change and habitat loss are both known key destructive forces that cause biodiversity loss and this study inquires the outcome of these in combination. First known study to implement study between relationship between climate change, habitat loss, and biodiversity loss. Crucial to determine the effectiveness of conservation policy.", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/45298/items/8T48RDPH" }, "dateAdded": "2013-03-06T19:20:25Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-22T18:12:11Z" } }, { "key": "5CJ25XAT", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 152467, "name": "Biodiversity and Conservation JJM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/152467/items/5CJ25XAT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm/items/5CJ25XAT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1272888, "username": "mhaworth", "name": "Max Haworth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mhaworth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sala et al.", "parsedDate": "2000-03-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "5CJ25XAT", "version": 20, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Global Biodiversity Scenarios for the Year 2100", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Osvaldo E.", "lastName": "Sala" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F. Stuart", "lastName": "Chapin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Iii" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Juan J.", "lastName": "Armesto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eric", "lastName": "Berlow" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Janine", "lastName": "Bloomfield" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rodolfo", "lastName": "Dirzo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elisabeth", "lastName": "Huber-Sanwald" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Laura F.", "lastName": "Huenneke" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert B.", "lastName": "Jackson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ann", "lastName": "Kinzig" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rik", "lastName": "Leemans" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David M.", "lastName": "Lodge" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Harold A.", "lastName": "Mooney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martı́n", "lastName": "Oesterheld" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N. LeRoy", "lastName": "Poff" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martin T.", "lastName": "Sykes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brian H.", "lastName": "Walker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marilyn", "lastName": "Walker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Diana H.", "lastName": "Wall" } ], "abstractNote": "Scenarios of changes in biodiversity for the year 2100 can now be developed based on scenarios of changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide, climate, vegetation, and land use and the known sensitivity of biodiversity to these changes. This study identified a ranking of the importance of drivers of change, a ranking of the biomes with respect to expected changes, and the major sources of uncertainties. For terrestrial ecosystems, land-use change probably will have the largest effect, followed by climate change, nitrogen deposition, biotic exchange, and elevated carbon dioxide concentration. For freshwater ecosystems, biotic exchange is much more important. Mediterranean climate and grassland ecosystems likely will experience the greatest proportional change in biodiversity because of the substantial influence of all drivers of biodiversity change. Northern temperate ecosystems are estimated to experience the least biodiversity change because major land-use change has already occurred. Plausible changes in biodiversity in other biomes depend on interactions among the causes of biodiversity change. These interactions represent one of the largest uncertainties in projections of future biodiversity change.", "publicationTitle": "Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "03/10/2000", "volume": "287", "issue": "5459", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1770-1774", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Science", "DOI": "10.1126/science.287.5459.1770", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencemag.org/content/287/5459/1770", "accessDate": "2013-03-06T19:08:27Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0036-8075, 1095-9203", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.sciencemag.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "This work emphasizes the importance of land use change as a major driving force for biodiversity changes for terrestrial ecosystems and instances of biotic exchange as major influences for aquatic ecosystems. Due to the collection of data regarding changes in carbon dioxide, land use, climate, and vegetation, future projects have been made regarding the future of planet Earth’s ecosystems and its level of biodiversity.", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/45298/items/MKGZ8KT3" }, "dateAdded": "2013-03-06T19:16:33Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-22T18:11:57Z" } }, { "key": "7QUG2TDD", "version": 19, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 152467, "name": "Biodiversity and Conservation JJM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/152467/items/7QUG2TDD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm/items/7QUG2TDD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1276442, "username": "Skulltulla", "name": "Rico Desayuno", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/skulltulla", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1272888, "username": "mhaworth", "name": "Max Haworth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mhaworth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Loreau et al.", "parsedDate": "2001-10-26", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "7QUG2TDD", "version": 19, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Loreau" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Naeem" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Inchausti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Bengtsson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. P.", "lastName": "Grime" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Hector" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. U.", "lastName": "Hooper" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. A.", "lastName": "Huston" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Raffaelli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Schmid" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Tilman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. A.", "lastName": "Wardle" } ], "abstractNote": "The ecological consequences of biodiversity loss have aroused considerable interest and controversy during the past decade. Major advances have been made in describing the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem processes, in identifying functionally important species, and in revealing underlying mechanisms. There is, however, uncertainty as to how results obtained in recent experiments scale up to landscape and regional levels and generalize across ecosystem types and processes. Larger numbers of species are probably needed to reduce temporal variability in ecosystem processes in changing environments. A major future challenge is to determine how biodiversity dynamics, ecosystem processes, and abiotic factors interact.", "publicationTitle": "Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "10/26/2001", "volume": "294", "issue": "5543", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "804-808", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Science", "DOI": "10.1126/science.1064088", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencemag.org/content/294/5543/804", "accessDate": "2013-03-06T19:06:16Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0036-8075, 1095-9203", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.sciencemag.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "This study focuses on the current information we have regarding the interaction between biodiversity and the ecosystem as a whole. It also focuses on the future difficulties we will face as a result of our depleted biodiversity.", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/45298/items/4TFHT89J" }, "dateAdded": "2013-03-06T19:18:21Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-22T18:11:29Z" } }, { "key": "DPD2VFZN", "version": 23, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 152467, "name": "Biodiversity and Conservation JJM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/152467/items/DPD2VFZN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm/items/DPD2VFZN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1276442, "username": "Skulltulla", "name": "Rico Desayuno", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/skulltulla", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1272888, "username": "mhaworth", "name": "Max Haworth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mhaworth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gotelli and Colwell", "parsedDate": "2001", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "DPD2VFZN", "version": 23, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Quantifying biodiversity: procedures and pitfalls in the measurement and comparison of species richness", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicholas J.", "lastName": "Gotelli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert K.", "lastName": "Colwell" } ], "abstractNote": "Species richness is a fundamental measurement of community and regional diversity, and it underlies many ecological models and conservation strategies. In spite of its importance, ecologists have not always appreciated the effects of abundance and sampling effort on richness measures and comparisons. We survey a series of common pitfalls in quantifying and comparing taxon richness. These pitfalls can be largely avoided by using accumulation and rarefaction curves, which may be based on either individuals or samples. These taxon sampling curves contain the basic information for valid richness comparisons, including category–subcategory ratios (species-to-genus and species-to-individual ratios). Rarefaction methods – both sample-based and individual-based – allow for meaningful standardization and comparison of datasets. Standardizing data sets by area or sampling effort may produce very different results compared to standardizing by number of individuals collected, and it is not always clear which measure of diversity is more appropriate. Asymptotic richness estimators provide lower-bound estimates for taxon-rich groups such as tropical arthropods, in which observed richness rarely reaches an asymptote, despite intensive sampling. Recent examples of diversity studies of tropical trees, stream invertebrates, and herbaceous plants emphasize the importance of carefully quantifying species richness using taxon sampling curves.", "publicationTitle": "Ecology Letters", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2001", "volume": "4", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "379–391", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00230.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00230.x/abstract", "accessDate": "2013-03-06T19:09:39Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1461-0248", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Quantifying biodiversity", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "This study focuses on the issues frequently encountered when measuring species richness, especially the lack of comprehensive information regarding the nature, let alone amount, of individual species.", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/45298/items/2ZCI4GDS" }, "dateAdded": "2013-03-06T19:18:21Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-22T18:10:55Z" } }, { "key": "4CN6E4MM", "version": 23, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 152467, "name": "Biodiversity and Conservation JJM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/152467/items/4CN6E4MM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm/items/4CN6E4MM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1276442, "username": "Skulltulla", "name": "Rico Desayuno", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/skulltulla", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1272888, "username": "mhaworth", "name": "Max Haworth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mhaworth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dirzo and Raven", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "4CN6E4MM", "version": 23, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Global State of Biodiversity and Loss", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rodolfo", "lastName": "Dirzo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter H.", "lastName": "Raven" } ], "abstractNote": "Biodiversity, a central component of Earth's life support systems, is directly relevant to human societies. We examine the dimensions and nature of the Earth's terrestrial biodiversity and review the scientific facts concerning the rate of loss of biodiversity and the drivers of this loss. The estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotic organisms possible lies in the 5–15 million range, with a best guess of ∼7 million. Species diversity is unevenly distributed; the highest concentrations are in tropical ecosystems. Endemisms are concentrated in a few hotspots, which are in turn seriously threatened by habitat destruction—the most prominent driver of biodiversity loss. For the past 300 years, recorded extinctions for a few groups of organisms reveal rates of extinction at least several hundred times the rate expected on the basis of the geological record. The loss of biodiversity is the only truly irreversible global environmental change the Earth faces today.", "publicationTitle": "Annual Review of Environment and Resources", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003", "volume": "28", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "137-167", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.energy.28.050302.105532", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.energy.28.050302.105532", "accessDate": "2013-01-29T23:01:37Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Annual Reviews", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "This study focuses on the extent of global biodiversity. It also explains how biodiversity is integral to human society and why our habits are destroying it.", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/45298/items/42TQ275R" }, "dateAdded": "2013-03-06T19:18:21Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-22T18:10:37Z" } }, { "key": "E8KJ53IQ", "version": 17, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 152467, "name": "Biodiversity and Conservation JJM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/152467/items/E8KJ53IQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm/items/E8KJ53IQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1276442, "username": "Skulltulla", "name": "Rico Desayuno", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/skulltulla", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1272888, "username": "mhaworth", "name": "Max Haworth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mhaworth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chapin Iii et al.", "parsedDate": "2000-05-11", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "E8KJ53IQ", "version": 17, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Consequences of changing biodiversity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F. Stuart", "lastName": "Chapin Iii" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erika S.", "lastName": "Zavaleta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Valerie T.", "lastName": "Eviner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rosamond L.", "lastName": "Naylor" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter M.", "lastName": "Vitousek" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Heather L.", "lastName": "Reynolds" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David U.", "lastName": "Hooper" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sandra", "lastName": "Lavorel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Osvaldo E.", "lastName": "Sala" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sarah E.", "lastName": "Hobbie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michelle C.", "lastName": "Mack" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sandra", "lastName": "Díaz" } ], "abstractNote": "Human alteration of the global environment has triggered the sixth major extinction event in the history of life and caused widespread changes in the global distribution of organisms. These changes in biodiversity alter ecosystem processes and change the resilience of ecosystems to environmental change. This has profound consequences for services that humans derive from ecosystems. The large ecological and societal consequences of changing biodiversity should be minimized to preserve options for future solutions to global environmental problems.", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "print May 11, 2000", "volume": "405", "issue": "6783", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "234-242", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nature", "DOI": "10.1038/35012241", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v405/n6783/abs/405234a0.html", "accessDate": "2013-03-06T19:11:01Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2000 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "This study focuses on the effects of human alteration of the environment on biodiversity. It argues that the ecological and societal consequences of changing biodiversity ought to be minimized for future generations.", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/45298/items/6AIQNQCD" }, "dateAdded": "2013-03-06T19:18:21Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-22T18:09:37Z" } }, { "key": "4X88NSBA", "version": 11, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 152467, "name": "Biodiversity and Conservation JJM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/152467/items/4X88NSBA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm/items/4X88NSBA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1272888, "username": "mhaworth", "name": "Max Haworth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mhaworth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bonn and Gaston", "parsedDate": "2005-05-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "4X88NSBA", "version": 11, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Capturing biodiversity: selecting priority areas for conservation using different criteria", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Aletta", "lastName": "Bonn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kevin J.", "lastName": "Gaston" } ], "abstractNote": "International treaties call for the protection of biodiversity in all its manifestations, including ecosystem and species diversities. The selection of most priority area networks focuses, however, primarily on species richness and occurrence. The effectiveness of this approach in capturing higher order manifestations of biodiversity, that is ecosystem and environmental diversity patterns, remains poorly understood. Using a case study of birds and environmental data from South Africa and Lesotho, we test how complementary networks that maximise species diversity perform with regard to their representation of ecosystem and environmental diversity, and vice versa. We compare these results to the performance of the existing reserve network. We conclude that focusing on any single biodiversity component alone is insufficient to protect other components. We offer explanations for this in terms of the autocorrelation of species diversity in environmental space.", "publicationTitle": "Biodiversity & Conservation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005/05/01", "volume": "14", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1083-1100", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biodivers Conserv", "DOI": "10.1007/s10531-004-8410-6", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10531-004-8410-6", "accessDate": "2013-01-30T18:54:31Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-3115, 1572-9710", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Capturing biodiversity", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "This study focuses on the international importance of managing the biodiversity of ecosystems beyond traditional methods of quantification, such as species richness and occurrence, but actually monitor the diversity of specific ecosystems themselves. A large push is made for the development of new measurement criteria and to compare ecosystems not just with one variable, but with a multitude of means of comparison.", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/45298/items/WJVSB5TS" }, "dateAdded": "2013-03-06T19:16:27Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-22T18:05:56Z" } }, { "key": "73E8FZI8", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 152467, "name": "Biodiversity and Conservation JJM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/152467/items/73E8FZI8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biodiversity_and_conservation_jjm/items/73E8FZI8", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/152467/items/TJTNU5G7", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1272888, "username": "mhaworth", "name": "Max Haworth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mhaworth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "73E8FZI8", "version": 8, "parentItem": "TJTNU5G7", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2013-03-06T19:10:17Z", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02593.x/asset/gcb2593.pdf?v=1&t=hdyv2vfz&s=c95811a5ce3ec96816fd4f64f338a931bbb36da6", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Mantyka-pringle et al. - 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